Nursing Across the Life Span Test Questions
Course Introduction
Nursing Across the Life Span explores the principles and practices of nursing care for individuals at every stage of life, from infancy through old age. The course covers developmental milestones, age-specific health concerns, and adaptations in nursing interventions to meet the physical, emotional, and psychosocial needs of diverse populations. Emphasis is placed on holistic care, health promotion, disease prevention, and the collaboration with patients, families, and interdisciplinary healthcare teams. Through case studies and evidence-based learning, students gain a comprehensive understanding of the nurse's role in supporting wellness and managing illness across all life stages.
Recommended Textbook
Life Span Development 16th Edition by John W Santrock
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20 Chapters
2881 Verified Questions
2881 Flashcards
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Chapter 1: Introduction
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158 Verified Questions
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Sample Questions
Q1) On your first day of class,Professor Red-Elk claims that for too long we have focused on the development of young children,especially infants.She argues that the development of adults and elderly people is just as important.This professor is articulating a(n)_____ approach.
A)evolutionary
B)constructivist
C)normative
D)life-span
Answer: D
Q2) Behavioral and social cognitive theories emphasize:
A)unconscious motives.
B)discontinuity in behavior.
C)continuity in development.
D)that development occurs in stage-like fashion.
Answer: C
Q3) Which theories describe development as primarily unconscious (beyond awareness)and heavily colored by emotion?
Answer: Psychoanalytic theories
Q4) Identify the term that refers to the capacity for change.
Answer: Plasticity
Page 3
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Chapter 2: Biological Beginnings
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Sample Questions
Q1) A genotype is _____ percent of a person's genetic material.
A)100
B)50
C)25
D)5
Answer: A
Q2) Summer and Clark are considering undergoing fertility treatments.What is one of the main risk factors that the couple must be aware of while weighing their options?
A)High birth weight in babies conceived through such treatments.
B)An increase in the possibility of multiple births when such treatments are used.
C)Negative psychological impact on children conceived through such treatments.
D)Significant differences in developmental outcomes for children conceived through such treatments.
Answer: B
Q3) Palomar is pregnant.During the early stages of her pregnancy,the single zygote splits into two genetically identical replicas.Her doctor tells her she is going to have _____ twins.
Answer: identical (monozygotic)
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4
Chapter 3: Prenatal Development and Birth
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160 Verified Questions
160 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) The Brazelton Neonatal Behavioral Assessment Scale is typically performed within _____ after birth.
A)two to five hours
B)24 to 36 hours
C)two to five days
D)one to two weeks
Answer: B
Q2) An egg is fertilized in the _____ period of prenatal development.
A)fetal
B)embryonic
C)implantation
D)germinal
Answer: D
Q3) Typical prenatal development lasts between:
A)38 to 40 weeks.
B)24 to 30 weeks.
C)28 to 33 weeks.
D)20 to 28 weeks.
Answer: A
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Chapter 4: Physical Development in Infancy
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Sample Questions
Q1) Six-month-old Carson grabs for a toy using his whole hand.He is demonstrating a:
A)palmer grasp.
B)pincer grip.
C)Moro reflex.
D)fencing reflex.
Q2) Sensitivity to taste:
A)is present even before birth.
B)develops two days after birth.
C)is not seen in newborns.
D)develops a month after birth.
Q3) How is sleep in infancy linked to cognitive development?
A)Too much sleep in infancy is connected to decreased alertness later on.
B)Lower quality sleep at one year of age is related to lower attention regulation and behavioral issues by three to four years of age.
C)Two hours less sleep than average nightly in infant increases cognitive function by three to four years of age.
D)If babies do not get good enough sleep during infancy their brains will completely stop developing.
Q4) List five benefits that a child receives from breast feeding.
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Chapter 5: Cognitive Development in Infancy
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156 Verified Questions
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Sample Questions
Q1) A recent study revealed that habituation assessed at three or six months of age was linked to verbal skills and intelligence assessed at 32 months of age.How can parents use the concepts of habituation and dishabituation to better interact with their babies and maybe boost their verbal skills and intelligence in the process?
Q2) Charisma is six months old and can vocalize pleasure and displeasure,search for objects out of reach,and approach a mirror that is placed in front of her.According to the Bayley Scales of Infant Development,Charisma:
A)is developing normally.
B)is developmentally delayed.
C)has an IQ of 110.
D)has an IQ of 85.
Q3) Identify the theorist who developed a cognitive development theory that suggests that development is universal and occurs in a fixed stage-like sequence.He or she proposed that infants are in the stage of "sensorimotor development."
Q4) Define receptive vocabulary and spoken vocabulary.What is the relationship between the two?
Q5) Distinguish between explicit memory and implicit memory.
Q6) What is infantile amnesia? What are two explanations given for this phenomenon?
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Chapter 6: Socioemotional Development in Infancy
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157 Verified Questions
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Sample Questions
Q1) Briefly describe the four phases of attachment as identified by John Bowlby.
Q2) Researchers have found that infant fear is linked to all of the following at six to seven years of age EXCEPT:
A)guilt.
B)empathy.
C)high aggression.
D)low aggression.
Q3) During phase 1 of John Bowlby's conceptualization of attachment,what is most likely to occur?
A)An infant will show signs of attachment toward the caregiver and anxiety toward strangers.
B)An infant will begin to attach to one person and can distinguish between familiar and unfamiliar people.
C)An infant is securely attached to the mother but is still trying to form an attachment with the father.
D)An infant is likely to exhibit smiling or crying in response to strangers,siblings,or parents.
Q4) What is the term for "reading" emotional cues in others to help determine how to act in a particular situation.
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Chapter 7: Physical and Cognitive Development in Early Childhood
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154 Verified Questions
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Sample Questions
Q1) Four-year-old Nathan is good at stacking his playing blocks to make tall structures.However,he still knocks them over occasionally.Which of the following is the most likely reason for this?
A)His gross motor skills are underdeveloped.
B)He tries to place each block perfectly on top of the other,upsetting those already stacked.
C)His coordination skills are not developing normally for his age.
D)He is showing signs of dyslexia.
Q2) _____ attention is focused and extended engagement with an object,task,event,or other aspect of the environment.
A)Salient
B)Relevant
C)Executive
D)Sustained
Q3) Early Head Start was established in 1995 to serve children from _____ of age.
A)three to five years
B)birth to six years
C)five to seven years
D)birth to three years
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Q4) Identify the factors that can influence the accuracy of a young child's memory.
Chapter 8: Socioemotional Development in Early Childhood
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166 Verified Questions
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Sample Questions
Q1) Four-year-old Becky has just hit her sister,again.According to most developmental psychologists,Becky's mother should:
A)spank Becky; she is too young to understand reasoning.
B)explain to Becky that "hitting hurts;" she is old enough to understand the consequences of her behavior for others.
C)send Becky to bed without dinner; she is too young to understand reasoning.
D)spank Becky; she is old enough to understand the consequences of her behavior,and would expect to be punished accordingly.
Q2) Name and briefly describe the two stages of moral reasoning in children as identified by Jean Piaget.Provide an example of each.
Q3) Four-year-old Harlan says,"I'm always happy!" Researchers suggest that Harlan,like other kids his own age,has self-descriptions that are typically:
A)reflective of reality.
B)reflective of what others think about them.
C)abstract and magical.
D)unrealistically positive.
Q4) Why are young children's self-descriptions typically unrealistically positive?
Q5) What are the developmental consequences of abuse?
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Chapter 9: Physical and Cognitive Development in Middle and Late Childhood
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149 Verified Questions
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Sample Questions
Q1) Compare and contrast convergent thinking with divergent thinking.
Q2) The incidence of cancer in children has _____ in recent years.
A)been linked to obesity
B)increased dramatically
C)increased slightly
D)decreased dramatically
Q3) Sadie has a learning disability and is being educated in the least restrictive environment possible.This means that Sadie:
A)is given great freedom and few rules.
B)is placed in as regular a classroom as possible.
C)has significant input into the development of her educational goals.
D)spends part of her time in a regular classroom and part of her time in a special education classroom.
Q4) Boys are estimated to be _____ more likely to have autism spectrum disorders than are girls.
A)two to three times
B)marginally
C)twice
D)five times
Q5) Identify the theorist who developed the triarchic theory of intelligence.
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Chapter 10: Socioemotional Development in Middle and Late Childhood
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145 Verified Questions
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which of the following is NOT an argument against state-mandated tests?
A)Neglect of students who are gifted
B)Rote memorization
C)Teaching to the test
D)Too much focus on developing the students' thinking skills
Q2) Lawrence Kohlberg studied moral development by:
A)identifying the personality type related to high and low self-esteem in children.
B)presenting children with a series of stories in which characters face moral dilemmas.
C)observing children interact with each other when they were in conflict.
D)interviewing families about how they have taught moral principles to their children.
Q3) Peer competence in middle and late childhood has been linked to:
A)better satisfaction in marriage in early adulthood.
B)less depression in middle adulthood.
C)better job performance in middle adulthood.
D)better relationships with coworkers in early adulthood.
Q4) What is the term for a structured,teacher-centered approach that is oriented toward the goal of maximizing student learning time?
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Chapter 11: Physical and Cognitive Development in Adolescence
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Sample Questions
Q1) Anorexia nervosa and bulimia nervosa affect:
A)men and women equally.
B)men more than women.
C)women more than men.
D)women more than older men,but less than younger men.
Q2) A girl's first menstruation is called _____.
A)gonadarche
B)spermarche
C)menarche
D)adrenarche
Q3) _____ is/are the second leading cause of death in adolescence.
A)Motor vehicle accidents
B)Suicide
C)Homicide
D)Chronic diseases
Q4) Anorexic people and bulimic people differ in the:
A)severity of their disorders.
B)degree of restrictions they place on food intake.
C)psychological factors underlying their disorders.
D)degree of control they have over their families' demands of them.
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Chapter 12: Socioemotional Development in Adolescence
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138 Verified Questions
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which of the following distinguishes the locations where rites of passage are prevalent in sub-Saharan Africa?
A)High socioeconomic status
B)Acceptance of Western culture
C)Rigid social structure
D)Low access to formal education
Q2) In a recent study of Navajo adolescents,positive ethnic heritage was linked to all of the following EXCEPT:
A)narcissism.
B)higher self-esteem.
C)school connectedness.
D)social functioning.
Q3) Which of the following statements about religion and adolescents has research shown to be true?
A)There has been a resurgence of religious interest among adolescents.
B)A majority of American college freshmen reported that they had never attended religious services during their senior year of high school.
C)Generally,18-year-olds are more religious than 14-year-olds in the U.S.
D)Adolescent girls are more religious than are adolescent boys.
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Chapter 13: Physical and Cognitive Development in Early
Adulthood
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143 Verified Questions
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Sample Questions
Q1) Carol,a mid-level manager at Pegasus Incorporated,has not received a promotion in the last three years despite good performance and good ratings at performance appraisals.If she were to be promoted,she would be the only female employee at top management level.Carol seems to have hit the:
A)brick wall.
B)glass wall.
C)glass ceiling.
D)invisible ceiling.
Q2) List the five key features identified by Jeffrey Arnett as characterizing emerging adulthood.
Q3) The human genome has not changed markedly in the last century,yet obesity has noticeably increased.This indicates that:
A)environmental factors play an important role in obesity.
B)obesity is primarily a product of a person's genes.
C)environmental factors have little impact on obesity.
D)there is reduced reliance on energy-saving devices.
Q4) Based on interviews with 12- to 22-year-olds,what were William Damon's findings about adolescents' and young adults' sense of purpose?
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Q5) What are the sexual patterns and desires of women when compared with men?
Chapter 14: Socioemotional Development in Early
Adulthood
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145 Verified Questions
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which of the following statements is true about the good-enoughs?
A)The good-enoughs form about 10 percent of the divorce group category.
B)Good-enough women usually married men who educationally and economically were similar to their first husbands.
C)The good-enoughs rarely attend night classes and make new friends.
D)People in this category often spent more time in singles bars and had more casual sex than their counterparts in the other divorce categories.
Q2) In one longitudinal study,when 3-year-old children showed good control of their emotions and were resilient in the face of stress,they were:
A)likely to continue to handle emotions effectively as adults.
B)less likely as adults to be assertive.
C)likely to be aggressive in their relationships in later adulthood.
D)more likely to engage in compulsive gambling in early adulthood.
Q3) Which hypothesis states that although one may prefer a more attractive person in the abstract,in the real world one ends up choosing someone who is close to one's own level of attractiveness?
Q4) Briefly describe Erikson's stage of intimacy versus isolation.
Q5) What is temperament? What is its connection to personality?
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Chapter 15: Physical and Cognitive Development in Middle
Adulthood
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which of the following is TRUE about Roy Baumeister and Kathleen Vohs's need for efficacy?
A)This need refers to the fact that present events draw meaning from their connection with future events.
B)This need can lend a sense of goodness or positive characterization of life and justify certain courses of action.
C)This need involves the belief that one can make a difference.
D)This need implies that most individuals want to be good,worthy individuals.
Q2) According to John Horn,_____ steadily declines from middle adulthood onward.
A)fluid intelligence
B)crystallized intelligence
C)verbal memory
D)kinesthetic intelligence
Q3) Compared to men,women have a higher incidence of _____ during middle age.
A)arthritis
B)hypertension
C)stroke
D)cardiovascular disease
Q4) Identify the term given to age-related loss of muscle mass and strength.
Q5) Identify the theorist who referred to midlife as "the afternoon of life."
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Chapter 16: Socioemotional Development in Middle
Adulthood
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142 Verified Questions
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Sample Questions
Q1) Lorenzo was born during the depression era in the U.S.Now he and others who were born at about the same time show greater cognitive decline than people born at later times.This illustrates that cohort effects are differences based on:
A)gender.
B)historical contexts.
C)genetic traits.
D)cultural aspects.
Q2) Identify the supertrait that encompasses traits such as soft-hearted,trusting,and helpful,according to the Big Five factors of personality.
A)Conscientiousness
B)Openness to experience
C)Agreeableness
D)Extraversion
Q3) Which of the following Big Five personality factors describes whether a person is sociable or retiring?
A)Extraversion
B)Openness to experience
C)Conscientiousness
D)Agreeableness
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Chapter 17: Physical Development in Late Adulthood
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Sample Questions
Q1) _____ theory states that cells can divide a maximum of about 75 to 80 times,and that as we age our cells become less capable of dividing.
A)Evolutionary
B)Cellular clock
C)Free-radical
D)Hormonal stress
Q2) In which part of the color spectrum is the loss of color vision most likely to occur?
A)Red-orange-yellow
B)Green-blue-violet
C)Yellow-violet-indigo
D)Green-yellow-orange
Q3) The Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration (2003)has identified _____ among older adults as the "invisible epidemic" in the United States.
A)substance abuse
B)clinical depression
C)bipolar disorder
D)schizophrenia
Q4) What are people who are 85 years and older called?
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Chapter 18: Cognitive Development in Late Adulthood
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36 Verified Questions
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Sample Questions
Q1) What is the term for a focused and extended engagement with an object,task,event,or some other aspect of the environment?
Q2) Identify a type of dementia that is characterized by muscle tremors,a gradual slowing of movement,and partial facial paralysis.
Q3) What are the important factors influencing depression in older adults?
Q4) Many psychotherapists prefer not to work with older patients,labeling them as: A)YAVISes.
B)OPLAs.
C)QUOIDs.
D)NUIPs.
Q5) Which of the following is the effect of the drug treatment given to patients with Alzheimer disease?
A)It increases the amount of amyloid beta in spinal fluid.
B)It treats mild cognitive impairment.
C)It increases levels of acetylcholine in the brain.
D)It activates the apolipoprotein E gene.
Q6) Identify the leading expert who described seven major pathways that adults in their sixties take to retirement.
Q7) Briefly describe Alzheimer disease.
Page 20
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Chapter 19: Socioemotional Development in Late Adulthood
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Q1) Which of the following is true of the possible selves of older adults?
A)Acceptance of ideal selves increases
B)Acceptance of future selves increases
C)Acceptance of past selves increases
D)Acceptance of present selves increases
Q2) Describe the changes that occur in a traditional couple during the final stage of the marriage process and how they adjust to these changes.
Q3) According to Baltes,which of the following factors suggests that it is possible to maintain performance in some areas through continued practice and the use of new technologies?
A)Selection
B)Compensation
C)Optimization
D)Reorganization
Q4) What are the typical effects of ageism?
Q5) What is the term for a concept that suggests that it is possible to maintain performance in some areas through continued practice and the use of new technologies?
Q6) Discuss Erikson's final stage of development.
Q7) Describe the influence of ethnicity in old age.
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Chapter 20: Death, Dying, and Grieving
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Sample Questions
Q1) According to Kalish & Reynolds,middle-aged adults actually _____ than do young adults or older adults.
A)fear death more
B)talk about death more
C)think about death more
D)accept death more readily
Q2) Which of the following statements is FALSE about young children and their perception of death?
A)They tend to confuse death with sleep.
B)They often believe that only people who want to die actually die.
C)They become very upset at the sight of a dead animal or when they are told that a person had died.
D)They believe that the dead can be brought back to life by magic or by giving them food or medical treatment.
Q3) In 1900,most people died:
A)in a hospital,cared for by medical staff.
B)in a nursing home.
C)at home,cared for by their family.
D)at a hospice.
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