Course Introduction
Neuroscience
Textbook Exam Questions
Neuroscience is an interdisciplinary course that explores the structure, function, development, and disorders of the nervous system. Students will examine the molecular and cellular foundations of neural activity, how neurons communicate, and how networks in the brain give rise to perception, emotion, cognition, and behavior. The course also investigates sensory and motor systems, learning and memory, and cutting-edge research techniques in the field. Emphasis is placed on integrating knowledge from biology, psychology, and medicine to understand both normal brain processes and neurological diseases.
Recommended Textbook
Sensation and Perception 9th Edition by E. Bruce Goldstein
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750 Verified Questions
750 Flashcards
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Page 2
Chapter 1: Introduction to Perception
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which of the following is a reason for studying perception?
A) To become more aware of your own perceptual experiences.
B) To provide information that may help with a future career.
C) To apply perception to everyday problems, such as highway sign visibility.
D) All of these.
Answer: D
Q2) The physiological level of analysis involves the relationship between
A) stimulus-and-physiology.
B) physiology-and-perception.
C) stimulus-and-perception.
D) both stimulus-and-physiology and physiology-and-perception.
Answer: D
Q3) Which brain structure is responsible for creating perceptions and producing other "high" level functions such as language, memory, and thinking?
A) Brain stem
B) Cerebral cortex
C) Hypothalamus
D) Occipital lobe
Answer: B
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Page 3
Chapter 2: The Beginnings of Perception
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Sample Questions
Q1) _______ reacts to light to start the process of transduction.
A) Opsin
B) Retinal
C) Choroid
D) Thyric acid
Answer: B
Q2) Visible light is between _____ and ____ nm within the electromagnetic spectrum.
A) 100; 400
B) 400; 700
C) 500; 1000
D) 900; 1500
Answer: B
Q3) Which of the following is a reason for the poor acuity of newborns?
A) The rods are not developed at birth.
B) Newborns have too much visual pigment in the cones.
C) A newborn's rods have very narrow inner segments.
D) The visual cortex of the newborn is only partially developed.
Answer: D
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4
Chapter 3: Neural Processing and Perception
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Sample Questions
Q1) When you stare at a grating of wide bars for 55 seconds, then look at a grating with narrow bars, the narrow bars will
A) seem to be thinner than they actually are.
B) seem to be wider that they actually are.
C) seem to change orientation.
D) be unaffected by the adaptation period.
Answer: A
Q2) In Mach bands, the darker area sends _____ lateral inhibition to the lighter area than the lighter area sends to the darker area.
A) less
B) more
C) the same amount of
D) no
Answer: A
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5
Chapter 4: Cortical Organization
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Q1) An IT neuron in the monkey will fire briskly when presented a picture of a A) monkey's face.
B) tree.
C) banana.
D) human torso.
Q2) When looking at a scene, the different sections of the scene are processed by many different location columns. Through the use of all of the location columns, the entire scene can be perceived. This effect is referred to as A) fielding.
B) orientation.
C) convergence.
D) tiling.
Q3) A structure that is specialized to process information about a particular type of stimulus is called a A) lesion.
B) module.
C) partition.
D) pathway.
Q4) Describe how an object such as a tree is represented in the striate cortex.
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Chapter 5: Perceiving Objects and Scenes
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Sample Questions
Q1) Structuralists would be most likely to endorse which of the following statements?
A) Sensations and perceptions are the same "unit" of thought.
B) The whole of something is greater than its parts.
C) Perceptions can be explained by the sensations that make them up.
D) Past experience plays little or no role in perception formation.
Q2) In a scene, the objects in the foreground are best described as _________, whereas the image making up the background is best described as the _______.
A) object; setting
B) ground; figure
C) near point; distance
D) figure; ground
Q3) The demonstration of apparent movement provides support for the Gestalt approach because
A) the phenomenon cannot be explained by sensations alone.
B) the phenomenon relies exclusively on the perceiver's past experience.
C) the images used do not follow the principle of common region.
D) the phenomenon relied on figure/ground segregation.
Q4) Discuss three reasons why object perception is difficult for computer vision.
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Page 7
Chapter 6: Visual Attention
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Q1) (a) Define inattentional blindness.
(b) Describe the method and results of Simons and Chabris (1999) research on inattentional blindness.
Q2) Posner's precueing studies demonstrated that attention
A) increases the color perception of objects.
B) can spread through objects.
C) eliminates change blindness.
D) increases the efficiency of information processing.
Q3) In the "I'm a Believer" scene at the end of the movie "Shrek," the three blind mice are turned into the horses in one frame, but the next time we see them, they are dancing on a piano as mice. This is an example of __________, which can be a "real-life" example of _________ if you do not notice the switch.
A) a contingency break; inattentional blindness
B) a continuity error; change blindness
C) an attentional lapse; illusory contingency
D) a unity break; illusory sequencing
Q4) (a) Describe the "occluded rod" paradigm.
(b) Describe what it revealed about the relationship between perceptual completion, motion perception, attention, and scan paths in infants.
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Chapter 7: Taking Action
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Q1) Using the visual direction strategy, walkers stay on target by A) using flow information to estimate the destination point.
B) going toward the focus of expansion.
C) keeping their body pointed toward the destination.
D) keeping their eyes fixated on the destination.
Q2) Describe how wayfinding is affected by retrosplenial cortex and hippocampal damage.
Q3) Softball players were asked to estimate the size of a softball immediately after a game. When perceived ball size was examined in relation to batting average, it was revealed that
A) tired players (regardless of batting average) provided smaller ball-size estimates than rested players.
B) rested players with high batting averages provided smaller ball-size estimates than tired players with high batting averages.
C) players with better batting averages provided larger ball-size estimates than players with lower batting averages.
D) rested players with lower batting averages provided larger ball-size estimates than tired players with low batting averages.
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Chapter 8: Perceiving Motion
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Q1) The condition of the patient of Zihl, et al., who had cortical lesions that affected her motion perception, is called
A) prosopagnosia.
B) akinetopsia.
C) stroboscopia.
D) amblyopia.
Q2) Percy is injected with a drug that paralyzes his eye muscles. When he is instructed to try to move his eye when looking a stationary scene, he perceives
A) no movement, because his eye muscles can't move.
B) no movement, because the scene is stationary.
C) movement, because there is a CDS and an IDS.
D) movement, because there is a CDS, but not an IDS.
Q3) _________ is a technique that has been used to temporarily disturb brain area functioning in humans.
A) Lesioning
B) Ablation
C) Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation (TMS)
D) Orbital Magnetic Gyration (OMG)
Q4) What is the aperture problem? How does the visual system "solve" this problem?
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Chapter 9: Perceiving Color
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Q1) The principle of ______ helps explain why a person with only one visual pigment can see all wavelengths as the same color (i.e., shade of gray) if light intensity is adjusted appropriately.
A) intensity
B) adjustments
C) univariance
D) unitization
Q2) Ikya looks at a white surface under sunlight conditions and she perceives it to be white. When she looks at the white surface under a tungsten light, it looks ______ to her.
A) reddish
B) yellowish
C) white
D) violet
Q3) The basic colors in the color circle are
A) red, white, blue and green.
B) black, white, and gray.
C) red, green, and blue.
D) red, green, blue and yellow.
Q4) Evaluate Newton's claim that the light "rays are not coloured."
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Chapter 10: Perceiving Depth and Size
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Q1) _______ is defined as depth perception created by input from both eyes.
A) Binocular integration
B) Convergent depth perception
C) Stereoscopic depth perception
D) Viewpoint dependent depth
Q2) According to the ________ theory of the moon illusion, the overhead moon appears smaller when it is surrounded by a large amount of sky.
A) ocular dominance
B) stimulus deprivation
C) angular size-contrast
D) apparent-distance
Q3) According to Day's "conflicting cues theory", the perception of vertical line lengths depends on
A) the actual length of the lines.
B) the overall length of the figure.
C) the amount of texture gradient.
D) the actual length of the lines and the overall length of the figure.
Q4) Name, define, and give an example (in words and/or drawings) of six pictorial depth cues.
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Chapter 11: Hearing
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Q1) Alessandra is at a concert and can "feel" the music. The music is most likely being played at _____ dBs.
A) 66
B) 88
C) 102
D) 130
Q2) A complex tone can be created by starting with a pure tone, called the ____________, and adding frequencies that are multiples of this first frequency.
A) fundamental frequency
B) harmonic frequency
C) spatial frequency
D) audible frequency
Q3) A complex tone composed of a 440 Hz tone, a 880 Hz tone, and a 1320 HZ tone is presented. Which part of the basilar membrane will respond?
A) the apex
B) the base
C) one intermediate area
D) the three different areas characteristic of each individual component
Q4) What are the major components of a cochlear implant?
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Chapter 12: Auditory Localization and Organization
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Q1) Some people who are blind are able to use echolocation to locate objects and perceive shapes by making clicking noises and listening to the reverberations. When expert echolocators use this technique
A) they have 45% more activation in their frontal lobes than sighted individuals.
B) they rely only on activation from the occipital lobe.
C) the clicking sounds activate the auditory and visual cortices.
D) the clicking sounds activate A1 but not subcortical structures.
Q2) The "ideal" reverberation time for symphony halls is
A) 50 milliseconds.
B) 500 milliseconds.
C) 2 seconds.
D) 7 seconds.
Q3) Describe the Jeffress model of auditory localization. What evidence supports the theory and what evidence poses a challenge for this theory?
Q4) What factors are important to consider when designing concert halls? What differences exist between designing concert halls and classroom?
Q5) What is "melody schema"? Discuss the support for this concept.
Q6) Define visual capture and give examples of this concept.
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Chapter 13: Speech Perception
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Q1) Micelli et al. (1980) found that brain damage to the parietal lobe caused the patient to have difficulty discriminating between syllables. Micelli et al found that
A) all these patients could not understand words.
B) all these patients had "word deafness."
C) some of these patients could not hear pure tones.
D) some of these patients could still understand words.
Q2) Link et al. (2003) studied the perceived meaning of listeners' to the phrase "Let's do lunch sometime," based on the speaker's inflection and emotional state. These are examples of
A) indexical characteristics.
B) segmentation effects.
C) lip reading effects.
D) speech shadowing techniques.
Q3) Spectrograms of sentences show
A) that clear pauses occur between each spoken word.
B) that formant transitions account for the breaks between words.
C) no clear pauses or breaks between words.
D) segmentation of words is easily accomplished by listeners in any context.
Q4) Discuss two sources of the variability problem. Provide examples for each.
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Chapter 14: The Cutaneous Senses
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Q1) Penfield mapped locations of body parts on area S1 by A) using fMRIs in humans.
B) lesioning S1 areas in the monkey.
C) using somatosensory-evoked potentials in monkeys.
D) stimulating S1 areas in humans, and asking where they felt body sensations.
Q2) The duplex theory of texture perception refers to the importance of
A) temporal cues and spatial cues.
B) temporal cues and olfactory cues.
C) spatial cues and auditory cues.
D) temporal cues and parietal cues.
Q3) Describe the basic principles of the gate-control model of pain.
Q4) Discuss research by Osborn and Derbyshire (2010) and Singer et al. (2004) that demonstrate how social situations can affect pain perception.
Q5) The ___________ are responsible for the perception of rapid vibrations, such as you would experience when using a hand-held massager.
A) Pacinian corpuscle
B) Meissner corpuscles
C) Ruffini cylinders
D) Merkel receptors
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Chapter 15: The Chemical Senses
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Q1) In regard to specificity vs. distributed coding , most researchers conclude
A) distributed coding has the most research support.
B) specificity coding has the most research support.
C) basic taste qualities are determined by specificity coding, and distributed coding is important for discriminating subtle differences.
D) basic taste qualities are determined by distributed coding, and specificity coding is important for discriminating subtle differences.
Q2) In one study males were asked to rate the scent of a t-shirt worn by a woman three nights during ovulation or three nights when not in ovulation. Discuss the results of this study and relate them to reproductive fertility and the human ability to sense phermones.
Q3) Olfactory signals from the glomeruli project to
A) the piriform cortex in the temporal lobe.
B) the orbitofrontal cortex in the frontal lobe.
C) the amygdala.
D) all of these.
Q4) Does distributed coding or specificity coding occur in taste? Support your answer with research.
Q5) Compare three different methods for studying the physiology of olfaction.
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