Neuroscience for Psychology Majors
Exam Materials
Course Introduction
This course provides an in-depth introduction to the biological foundations of behavior, tailored specifically for psychology majors. Students will explore the structure and function of the nervous system, including neuroanatomy, neural communication, neuroplasticity, and the roles of neurotransmitters. The course examines how these biological processes influence cognitive functions, emotions, sensation, perception, and behavior. Emphasis is placed on the integration of neuroscience findings with psychological theories, preparing students to understand mental processes and disorders from a biopsychological perspective. Through lectures, discussions, and laboratory experiences, students will develop critical skills for evaluating neuroscientific research and its implications for psychological science.
Recommended Textbook
Foundations of Behavioral Neuroscience 9th Edition by Neil R. Carlson
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16 Chapters
1924 Verified Questions
1924 Flashcards
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Page 2
Chapter 1: Origins of Behavioral Neuroscience
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109 Verified Questions
109 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Transection of the ________ may be useful for reducing the symptoms of
A) corpus callosum; epilepsy
B) fornix; obsessive-compulsive disorder
C) stria terminalis; anterograde amnesia
D) fornix; depression
E) corpus callosum; anxiety
Answer: A
Q2) In most persons,the left hemisphere of the brain
A) controls the left side of the body.
B) controls speech.
C) is involved in spatial perception.
D) receives tactile information from the left side of the body.
E) receives olfactory information from the right nostril.
Answer: B
Q3) Explain what Darwin meant by his principle of natural selection.
Answer: The basic notion is that animals differ in a number of characteristics.As the environment changes,some of these animals will more successfully adapt and will pass on their genes to their offspring.Over time,such characteristics will increase in the population.
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Chapter 2: Structure and Functions of Cells of the Nervous System
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126 Verified Questions
126 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) ________ are charged particles formed when certain molecules dissolves in water. A) Ions
B) Solvents
C) Electrolytes
D) Electrons
E) Proteins
Answer: A
Q2) The force of diffusion would tend to move ________ ions ________ the axon. A) chloride; out of B) sodium; into
C) potassium; into D) organic; into E) sodium; out of
Answer: B
Q3) A hyperpolarizing stimulus makes the interior of the neuron even more negatively charged.
A)True
B)False
Answer: True
Page 4
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Chapter 3: Structure of the Nervous System
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130 Verified Questions
130 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) The ________ is an aperture in the vertebrae that contains the spinal cord.
A) spinal foramen
B) cauda equina
C) spinal root
D) dura mater
E) spinal aqueduct
Answer: A
Q2) The arachnoid membrane forms a protective covering of the peripheral nervous system.
A)True
B)False
Answer: False
Q3) Which of the following is true of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF)?
A) CSF is produced within the venous sinuses.
B) CSF flows from the lateral ventricles toward the fourth ventricle.
C) CSF is produced in the fourth ventricle and flows toward the fifth ventricle.
D) CSF is a waste product generated by nerve cell activity.
E) CSF production is sped up during a seizure.
Answer: B
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Page 5
Chapter 4: Psychopharmacology
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127 Verified Questions
127 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which of the following is an agonist at the glycine receptor?
A) baclofen
B) glycine
C) muscimol
D) GABA
E) strychnine
Q2) The effective dose 50 (ED50)value for Drug A is 2.0 mg/kg while its lethal dose 50 (LD50)value is 8 mg/kg.Which of the following is true of Drug A?
A) Drug A is ineffective for its intended purpose.
B) Drug A has a therapeutic index of 4.0.
C) Drug A is safe for use in humans.
D) The therapeutic index of Drug A is 0.25.
E) The therapeutic index of Drug A is 25.
Q3) Describe the synthesis of acetylcholine.List three different treatments that would act to alter the release of acetylcholine.
Q4) Describe the major components of pharmacokinetics.
Q5) Learning is facilitated by ACh activity in the basal forebrain.
A)True
B)False
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Chapter 5: Methods and Strategies of Research
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118 Verified Questions
118 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) A key advantage of ________ lesions is that they affect only neural cell bodies and do not damage axons passing through the region.
A) aspiration
B) sub-cortical
C) radio-frequency
D) 6-hydroxydopamine
E) excitotoxic
Q2) Kainic acid is a neurotoxin as well as an activator of neurons because
A) at low doses it destroys neurons.
B) at low doses it dissolves the neuron membrane.
C) at high doses it overexcites and then kills neurons.
D) kainic acid is toxic to glial cells that nourish neurons.
E) it blocks membrane sodium channels.
Q3) A key advantage of the fMRI technique is that the method can
A) record the electrical activity of brain.
B) induce the secretion of neurotransmitters from neurons.
C) record the neural activity of particular brain regions.
D) localize receptors in brain.
E) electrically stimulate neurons.
Q4) Explain the rationale for experimental ablation studies.
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Chapter 6: Vision
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121 Verified Questions
121 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) The primate retina contains
A) two photopigments.
B) three photopigments.
C) one type of cone and three types of rods.
D) only cones.
E) only rods.
Q2) The perceptual color attribute of ________ corresponds to that of light wavelength.
A) saturation
B) brightness
C) hue
D) intensity
E) contrast
Q3) The visual disorder suffered by Mrs.R in the prologue is an example of visual agnosia.
A)True
B)False
Q4) Describe how the physical dimensions of light correspond to the psychological dimensions of light.
Q5) Explain the notion that neurons in striate cortex function as feature detectors.
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Chapter 7: Audition, the Body Senses, and the Chemical
Senses
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124 Verified Questions
124 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) ________ found in hairy skin are used by the body to detect changes in temperature.
A) Dieter's cells
B) Free nerve endings
C) Meissner's corpuscles
D) Pacinian corpuscles
E) Ruffini corpuscles
Q2) Which of the following is known to decrease pain sensitivity?
A) riding in a car
B) meditation
C) consumption of a pill laced with capsaicin
D) opiate administration
E) activation of substance P in the spinal cord
Q3) The ________ is the first relay station for gustatory information arising from the tongue.
A) chorda tympani
B) area postrema
C) ventral posteromedial thalamic nucleus
D) nucleus of the solitary tract
E) insular cortex
Page 9
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Chapter 8: Sleep and Biological Rhythms
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125 Verified Questions
125 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) A primary effect of sleep deprivation in humans is
A) psychosis.
B) overeating and weight gain.
C) perceptual distortions.
D) secretion of stress hormones.
E) depression.
Q2) Which of the following is a rhythm that tends to occur over a 90 minute period?
A) a single non-REM/REM sleep cycle
B) heart rate rhythm
C) stomach motility rhythm
D) smoking rhythm
E) menstrual cycle
Q3) Narcolepsy is characterized by all of the following EXCEPT
A) awaking refreshed from a sleep attack.
B) sleep attacks.
C) sleepwalking.
D) hypnagogic hallucinations.
E) sleep paralysis.
Q4) Explain why it is said that the brain is active during sleep.
Q5) Describe the symptoms of narcolepsy.
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Chapter 9: Reproductive Behavior
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121 Verified Questions
121 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) The ________ directly inhibits the spinal motor neurons that control male copulatory movements.
A) ventromedial hypothalamus
B) rostral hypothalamus
C) nucleus paragigantocellularis (nPGi) of the medulla
D) medial amygdala
E) medial preoptic area
Q2) Describe the circuits that govern rodent female sexual behavior.
Q3) Twin studies indicate that
A) there is a genetic basis for homosexuality in males as well as in females.
B) early family environment is more important than genes for the development of homosexuality.
C) a male child whose older twin sisters are heterosexual is more likely to be homosexual.
D) homosexual women are likely to have homosexual male relatives.
E) identical male twins are less likely to be concordant for homosexuality than are fraternal male twins.
Q4) The ventral tegmental area is activated during orgasm in a human male.
A)True
B)False
Page 11
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Chapter 10: Emotion
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103 Verified Questions
103 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Mr.V.failed to appreciate the emotional significance of the loss of ________ after his stroke.
A) verbal intelligence
B) movement of the left side of his body
C) the capacity to recall recent events
D) the ability to speak
E) tactile sensation on the right side of his body
Q2) The treatment of impulsive aggression using ________ for 12 weeks reduced aggression and also ________ the activity of the orbitofrontal cortex.
A) fluoxetine; decreased
B) haloperidol; increased
C) fluoxetine; increased
D) haloperidol; decreased
E) atropine; decreased
Q3) Individual neurons within the amygdala are activated by
A) all classes of sensory signals.
B) texture cues within the environment.
C) detection of emotionally relevant stimuli.
D) motor signals arising from the caudate nucleus.
E) ascending tactile signals.
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Chapter 11: Ingestive Behavior
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121 Verified Questions
121 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) The overeating noted in patients such as Carrie reflects
A) increased hunger.
B) degeneration of the prefrontal cortex.
C) defective brain satiety mechanisms.
D) a genetic defect on chromosome 2.
E) low plasma ghrelin levels.
Q2) NPY stimulates eating.
A)True
B)False
Q3) About two-thirds of the body's water is contained within the ________ fluid.
A) intravascular
B) intracellular
C) extracellular
D) interstitial
E) transvascular
Q4) Fluoxetine is useful for the treatment of bulimia,but not anorexia nervosa.
A)True
B)False
Q5) Describe the role of ghrelin in the control of eating.
Q6) Describe the intracellular and extracellular fluid compartments of the body.
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Chapter 12: Learning and Memory
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128 Verified Questions
128 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Long-term potentiation requires activation of synapses and depolarization of the postsynaptic neuron.
A)True
B)False
Q2) Explain the distinction between declarative and nondeclarative memory.
Q3) The most profound symptom of Korsakoff's syndrome is
A) anterograde amnesia.
B) total amnesia.
C) combative behavior.
D) delirium tremens.
E) auditory and visual hallucinations.
Q4) People with Korsakoff's syndrome can form new memories,but are unable to remember events that occurred prior to their brain damage.
A)True
B)False
Q5) Patient H.M.had difficulty in navigating around a new environment.
A)True
B)False
Q6) Describe the role of dopamine in reinforcing brain stimulation.
Q7) Provide a definition of learning and memory.
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Chapter 13: Human Communication
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108 Verified Questions
108 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) The information conveyed in a spoken word resides in its A) timing.
B) pitch.
C) emphasis.
D) tempo.
E) prosody.
Q2) People with pure word deafness are deaf and therefore cannot understand language.
A)True
B)False
Q3) The general term used to refer to an impairment of writing is A) dysgraphia.
B) dystypia.
C) orthographia.
D) dyslexia.
E) alexia.
Q4) Define transcortical sensory aphasia and explain how this syndrome differs from that of Wernicke's aphasia.
Q5) Describe pure word deafness and transcortical sensory aphasia.How are they related to Wernicke's aphasia?
Page 15
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Chapter 14: Neurological Disorders
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113 Verified Questions
113 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) A common element for neurodegenerative diseases is
A) an infection related to the prion bacterium.
B) suppression of apoptosis within the brain.
C) the presence of misfolded proteins within brain cells.
D) the inactivation of caspase-12 within neurons.
E) the inactivation of caspase-12 within glia.
Q2) Explain the differences between hemorrhagic and obstructive cerebrovascular accidents.What are common causes of each?
Q3) Which of the following is a risk factor for stroke?
A) stress
B) low blood pressure
C) high blood levels of cholesterol
D) marijuana smoking
E) yoga
Q4) What are the most common forms of viral encephalitis?
Q5) The most common source of encephalitis is a mosquito bite.
A)True
B)False
Q6) Describe the symptoms and causes of phenylketonuria and Tay-Sachs disease.How are these diseases related to one another?
Page 16
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Chapter 15: Schizophrenia, Affective Disorders, and Anxiety Disorders
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131 Verified Questions
131 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) The correct order of appearance of schizophrenic symptoms is
A) positive -> negative -> cognitive
B) cognitive -> positive -> negative
C) cognitive -> negative -> positive
D) negative -> cognitive -> positive
E) positive -> cognitive -> negative
Q2) The effect of total sleep deprivation on depression
A) suggests that sleep causes the destruction of an endogenous substance that promotes depression.
B) develops slowly.
C) is sufficiently large to justify this as an effective way to treat depression.
D) is relatively long lasting.
E) is lost after a night of sleep.
Q3) In coining the term schizophrenia,Bleuler emphasized
A) the inability to make important decisions.
B) delusional thinking.
C) a separation of thoughts and feelings.
D) extreme sadness in the presence of mania.
E) multiple personalities.
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Chapter 16: Autistic, Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity, Stress, and Substance Abuse Disorders
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119 Verified Questions
119 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) The release of dopamine in the nucleus accumbens is a necessary but not sufficient condition for reinforcement to take place.
A)True
B)False
Q2) Imagine that you have ingested a drug that prevents alcohol from binding to GABAA receptors just before you join friends at a bar.Which of the following would you expect to happen to you?
A) You show no signs of sedation, even after 9 beers.
B) One beer puts you to sleep.
C) The pill makes alcohol taste bitter, causing you to vomit after one sip.
D) You find alcohol more intoxicating.
E) You would experience intense euphoria with the first beer.
Q3) Which of the following is true of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD)?
A) ADHD does not persist into adulthood.
B) Boys are 10 times more likely to be classified as ADHD than are girls.
C) ADHD is a rare childhood behavior disorder.
D) ADHD interferes with mood .
E) Persons with ADHD are likely to abuse cocaine as adults.
Q4) Explain why nicotine is now considered to be an addictive drug.
Page 18
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