Neuropsychology Practice Questions
Course Introduction
Neuropsychology explores the complex relationships between the brain and behavior, focusing on how brain structure and function influence cognition, emotion, and actions. This course provides an in-depth understanding of the neurological basis of psychological processes, including memory, language, perception, and executive functions. Students examine the effects of brain injuries and disorders on behavior, learn about assessment tools used in diagnosing neuropsychological conditions, and discuss recent advances in brain imaging and rehabilitation. Emphasis is placed on integrating scientific research with clinical applications, preparing students to understand both theoretical concepts and practical considerations in neuropsychological practice.
Recommended Textbook Biological Psychology 12th Edition by James W. Kalat
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15 Chapters
1794 Verified Questions
1794 Flashcards
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Chapter 1: Nerve Cells and Nerve Impulses
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120 Verified Questions
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which event will increase the concentration gradient of sodium?
A)decreasing permeability to potassium ions
B)increasing activity of the sodium potassium pump
C)increasing membrane permeability to sodium ions
D)increasing membrane permeability to chloride ions
Answer: B
Q2) Glial cells ____.
A)are less numerous than neurons in the human brain.
B)transmit information over long distances within the central nervous system.
C)occupy about ten times more space in the brain than do neurons.
D)are smaller but more numerous than neurons in the human brain.
Answer: D
Q3) What action tends to open the sodium gates across a neuron's membrane?
A)hyperpolarization of the membrane
B)depolarization of the membrane
C)increase in the sodium concentration outside the neuron
D)passing the peak of the action potential and entering the refractory period
Answer: B
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Chapter 2: Synapses
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Sample Questions
Q1) On the basis of what evidence were the properties of synapses first inferred?
A)the electron microscope
B)single-neuron recordings
C)behavioral observations
D)PET scans
Answer: C
Q2) A drug that inhibits the action of the enzyme acetylcholinesterase will have the effect of ____.
A)prolonging the action of acetylcholine at its synapses
B)decreasing the duration of action of acetylcholine at its synapses
C)decreasing the synthesis of acetylcholine by the presynaptic cell
D)increasing the synthesis of acetylcholine by the presynaptic cell
Answer: A
Q3) Which statement is TRUE about the spontaneous firing rates of neurons?
A)EPSPs increase the frequency.
B)EPSPs decrease the frequency.
C)IPSPs increase the frequency.
D)One EPSP equals the effect of two IPSPs.
Answer: A
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Page 4
Chapter 3: Anatomy and Research Methods
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Sample Questions
Q1) Olfactory information is processed by the ____.
A)thalamus via the olfactory bulbs
B)cortex via the olfactory bulbs
C)spinal cord
D)medulla
Answer: B
Q2) Prefrontal lobotomies were conducted in the United States in an attempt to ____.
A)restore memory
B)restrain prisoners
C)treat severe obesity
D)treat severe psychiatric disorders
Answer: D
Q3) The medulla controls a number of reflexes through ____.
A)the midbrain
B)the forebrain
C)cranial nerves
D)skeletal nerves
Answer: C
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Chapter 4: Genetics, evolution, development, and Plasticity
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Sample Questions
Q1) Apoptosis is distinct from necrosis,which is death caused by an injury or a toxic substance.
A)True
B)False
Q2) Myelination in the human brain ____.
A)is complete upon birth
B)is complete around the second birthday
C)is complete sometime shortly after adolescence
D)continues well into the adult years
Q3) ____ cells proliferate after a stroke.
A)Penumbra
B)Microglia
C)Ischemia
D)Cancer
Q4) The mechanism of fetal alcohol syndrome probably relates to ____.
A)overexcited neurons
B)apoptosis
C)decreases apoptosis
D)necrosis
Q5) Describe Lamarckian evolution and the evidence for or against it.
Page 6
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Chapter 5: Vision
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120 Verified Questions
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Sample Questions
Q1) The coding of visual information in your brain results in an exact duplicate of the object's shape on the surface of the cortex.
A)True
B)False
Q2) The enhancement of contrast at the edge of an object is the result of ____.
A)lateral inhibition in the retina
B)the diffraction of light from the edge's surface
C)fatigue of the rods and cones
D)the color of the object
Q3) According to the law of specific nerve energies,the brain tells the difference between one sensory modality and another by ____.
A)which neurotransmitter is released
B)which neurons are active
C)the velocity of the action potentials
D)the amplitude of the action potentials
Q4) Describe the functional and anatomic differences between rods and cones.
Q5) The cornea is an adjustable structure in the eye that focuses light.
A)True
B)False
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Chapter 6: Other Sensory Systems
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Sample Questions
Q1) What neurotransmitter is released by axons that carry pain information to the brain?
A)dopamine
B)serotonin
C)substance P
D)encephalin
Q2) What is a dermatome?
A)an area of the skin innervated by a given spinal nerve
B)an instrument used to record impulses in the spinal cord
C)the point at which sensory nerves make contact with motor nerves
D)an area of the skin that has no touch receptors
Q3) One hypothesis of synesthesia is that ____.
A)all of the axons from one cortical area have more branches into that cortical area.
B)all of the axons from one cortical area have branches into another cortical area.
C)some of the axons from one cortical area have branches into another cortical area.
D)some of the axons from one cortical area have more branches into that cortical area.
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Chapter 7: Movement
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Sample Questions
Q1) The posterior parietal cortex ____.
A)is the main area for touch and other body information
B)keeps track of the position of the body relative to the world
C)is active during preparations for a movement and less active during movement itself
D)responds to lights, noises, and other signals for a movement.
Q2) Purkinje cells are ____.
A)proprioceptors
B)flat cells in sequential planes
C)nuclei in the central cerebellum
D)axons parallel to one another
Q3) A boxer's ability to sense the position of his arm and hand before planning a punch is dependent on the sense of ____.
A)proprioception
B)somatosensation
C)pain
D)vision
Q4) Briefly describe the cellular organization of the cerebellum.
Q5) Describe the significance of mirror neurons.
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Chapter 8: Wakefulness and Sleep
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Sample Questions
Q1) Based on research,it has been determined that the human circadian rhythm appears to be ____.
A)shorter than 24 hours
B)exactly 24 hours
C)just over 24 hours
D)closer to 28 hours
Q2) Slow-wave sleep is comprised of ____.
A)alpha wave sleep
B)stages 1 and 2
C)stages 3 and 4
D)REM sleep
Q3) Describe brain function during REM sleep.
Q4) The risk of sleep apnea is increased among which group of people?
A)college students who are in finals week
B)those who are addicted to tranquilizers
C)men who are overweight
D)people who work on swing shifts
Q5) Biological clocks are very resistant to environmental influences.
A)True
B)False
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Chapter 9: Internal Regulation
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Sample Questions
Q1) Angiotensin II acts on the kidney to retain more sodium.
A)True
B)False
Q2) Obesity in Prader-Willi syndrome is linked to a problem with ____.
A)melanocortin
B)ghrelin
C)NPY
D)leptin
Q3) An animal has trouble digesting its food after damage to the ____.
A)occipital cortex
B)lateral hypothalamus
C)medial part of the hypothalamus
D)pineal gland
Q4) Many kinds of information impinge onto two kinds of cells in one nucleus of the hypothalamus,which is regarded as the "master area" for control of appetite.That area is the ____.
A)suprachiasmatic nucleus
B)sexually dimorphic nucleus
C)solitary nucleus
D)arcuate nucleus
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Chapter 10: Reproductive Behaviors
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Sample Questions
Q1) One objection to the use of the one-mate strategy in women is that ____.
A)in some cases, having multiple sex partners can result in more offspring
B)women are more jealous than men
C)women can't be sure that their mate is the father
D)there are no men who share this strategy
Q2) Male sexual behavior depends heavily on neurons in the medial preoptic area of the hypothalamus releasing which substance?
A)testosterone
B)dopamine
C)estrogen
D)luteinizing hormone
Q3) The sexually dimorphic nucleus is part of the ____.
A)thalamus
B)Wolffian ducts
C)anterior hypothalamus
D)male brain, only
Q4) Describe some of the evidence that genetic factors may influence sexual orientation.
Q5) Describe the organizing effects of sex hormones and give specific examples.
Page 12
Q6) Give some examples of evolutionary interpretations of mating behavior.
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Chapter 11: Emotional Behaviors
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Sample Questions
Q1) What did researchers find in Antarctic research scientists who spent a nine-month period of social isolation in the cold and dark?
A)T cell functioning increased by about 50%
B)T cell functioning decreased by about half
C)leukocytes stopped functioning
D)an outbreak of autoimmune diseases
Q2) Children with a rare condition called ____ are unable to move their facial muscles to make a smile.
A)Lange syndrome
B)Möbius syndrome
C)James syndrome
D)Fregoli syndrome
Q3) According to the ____ theory,we experience emotion after we experience autonomic arousal.
A)Lange-Jung
B)Lange-Papez
C)James-Jung
D)James-Lange
Q4) Briefly describe how benzodiazepines work in the brain.
Q5) Briefly describe the James-Lange Theory of Emotion.
Page 13
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Chapter 12: The Biology of Learning and Memory
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Sample Questions
Q1) A rat must swim through murky water to find a rest platform that is just under the surface in the ____.
A)radial maze
B)Morris water maze
C)configurable learning task
D)delayed matching-to-sample task
Q2) In addition to the neurotransmitter glutamate,in order to activate the NMDA receptors,the neuron requires ____.
A)serotonin
B)dopamine
C)increased release of magnesium ions from the presynaptic neuron
D)removal of magnesium ions from sodium and calcium channels
Q3) Alzheimer's is associated with brain damage as a result of ____.
A)loss of the fibers connecting the substantia nigra to the basal ganglia
B)loss of cell bodies in the dorsomedial thalamus
C)tangles and plaques in the cerebral cortex and hippocampus
D)an epileptic focus in the temporal lobe of the cortex
Q4) The UCR and the CR are always the same.
A)True
B)False
Page 14
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Chapter 13: Cognitive Functions
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Sample Questions
Q1) People with right-hemisphere damage have particular trouble with tasks that require
A)understanding sentences with a complex grammatical structure
B)spatial processing
C)control of the right hand
D)memory of recent events
Q2) When people hear descriptions of someone else's distress,they vary in the arousal of their dorsomedial ____ cortex.
A)occipital
B)prefrontal
C)temporal
D)parietal
Q3) Suppose you are conscious of what you see in the right eye and not the left.Now a word slowly fades into view in the left eye.What happens?
A)Your attention lingers even longer than usual on the right eye.
B)Your attention shifts to the left eye at the same speed as it would without the word.
C)The word grabs your attention at a certain speed regardless of its meaning.
D)The word grabs your attention faster if it is meaningful.
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15
Chapter 14: Psychological Disorders
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which autism treatment is most widely used?
A)the use of first generation antipsychotics
B)increase action potential velocity
C)dietary modifications such as elimination of sugar or food dyes
D)the use of chelation to remove heavy metals from the blood
Q2) Prior to the 1950s,few schizophrenic patients who entered a mental hospital ever left.The discovery most responsible for alleviating that situation was the discovery of ____.
A)chlorpromazine
B)the prefrontal lobotomy
C)electroconvulsive therapy
D)MAOIs
Q3) All things considered,the atypical antipsychotics ____.
A)are far more cost-effective than the older drugs
B)do not improve overall quality of life more than older drugs
C)are preferable because they have, at most, only mild side-effects
D)have a much higher risk of movement disorders
Q4) Exposure to bright lights is one effective treatment for SAD.
A)True
B)False
Page 16
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Chapter 15: Appendix A: Brief, basic Chemistry
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Sample Questions
Q1) According to Tinbergen,the argument that humans are essentially different from all other animals and that the gap between humans and animals can never be bridged
A)assumes that it will be futile even to search for animal roots
B)is essential to the meaningful study of human neuropsychology
C)is the only scientifically-defensible point of view
D)will stimulate research into the relationship between the mind and brain
Q2) Institutional Animal Care and Use Committees must include a(n)____.
A)community member
B)abolitionist
C)animal rights activist
D)minimalist
Q3) A(n)____ is most likely to be involved in measuring heart rate,breathing rate,brain waves,and other body processes.
A)occupational therapist
B)neuropsychologist
C)psychiatric social worker
D)psychophysiologist
Q4) Describe the minimalist position on animal research.
Q5) Discuss the four biological explanations of behavior.
Page 17
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