Neurobiology for Psychologists Pre-Test Questions
Course Introduction
This course provides an in-depth exploration of the biological foundations of behavior, focusing on how the brain and nervous system influence psychological processes. Students will examine neuronal structure and function, neurochemical signaling, brain development, and the biological mechanisms underlying sensation, perception, motivation, emotion, learning, and memory. Emphasis is placed on understanding how neurobiological principles inform psychological theories and practice, with case studies illustrating the relevance of neuroscience in clinical, developmental, and cognitive psychology.
Recommended Textbook
Discovering Biological Psychology 2nd Edition by Laura Freberg
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16 Chapters
2931 Verified Questions
2931 Flashcards
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Page 2
Chapter 1: Introducing Biological Psychology
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179 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Gall and Spurzheim are responsible for A) the Neuron Doctrine.
B) establishing the electrical nature of neural communication.
C) demonstrating that sensory and motor information uses separate pathways.
D) phrenology.
Answer: D
Q2) Most chemicals in the blood supply
A) enter the brain more easily than other organs.
B) are less likely to enter the brain than other organs.
C) enter the brain as easily as other organs.
D) are unable to enter the brain or other organs.
Answer: B
Q3) Reversible lesions are produced by applying A) heat.
B) cold.
C) chemicals.
D) heat or cold.
Answer: B
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3
Chapter 2: The Anatomy and Evolution of the Nervous System
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Sample Questions
Q1) You've just heard that someone's spinal cord has been injured at L2 (lumbar nerve 2).Given what you've learned in this chapter,which of the following will likely be true?
A) The person will be totally paralyzed from the neck down.
B) The person will be totally paralyzed from just below the arms.
C) Depending on how severe the injury,the person may be unable to move or feel anything from around the waist down.
D) Depending on how severe the injury,the person may be unable to move or feel anything from around the chest down.
Answer: C
Q2) Primary somatosensory cortex is located in the _________ lobes.
A) frontal
B) parietal
C) temporal
D) occipital
Answer: B
Q3) How has the human brain changed over the last 100,000 to 200,000 years?
Answer: The human brain has changed surprisingly little over the last 100,000 to 200,000 years,in spite of advances such as agriculture and literacy.
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Chapter 3: Cells of the Nervous System
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184 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Lethal injection interferes with the resting potential of cells by
A) increasing the concentration of extracellular sodium.
B) decreasing the concentration of extracellular sodium.
C) increasing the concentration of extracellular potassium.
D) decreasing the concentration of extracellular potassium.
Answer: C
Q2) When an axo-axonic synapse results in an increase of neurotransmitter released by a target axon,which of the following processes has occurred?
A) temporal summation
B) spatial summation
C) presynaptic facilitation
D) presynaptic inhibition
Answer: C
Q3) Conduction of action potentials in a myelinated axon is referred to as A) absolute.
B) relative.
C) saltatory.
D) passive.
Answer: C
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Page 5
Chapter 4: Psychopharmacology
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191 Verified Questions
191 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) In a medication trial,a participant with Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD)acted very relaxed and focused after trying a new medication that he believed would calm him down.However,the "medication" was really just a sugar pill.Given what you've learned in this chapter,which of the following explanations makes the most sense?
A) This would not have happened,because you have to have had a drug in order to feel its effects.
B) This could happen because the placebo effect is real and can result in actual physical symptoms.
C) The only way this could happen would be if the participant really didn't have Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD).
D) The participant didn't really feel relaxed and focused,but didn't want to disappoint the doctors.
Q2) Tryptophan serves as a precursor in the synthesis of A) serotonin.
B) dopamine.
C) norepinephrine.
D) epinephrine.
Q3) How does alcohol produce its behavioral effects?
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Page 6
Chapter 5: Genetics and the Development of the Human Brain
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179 Verified Questions
179 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) What are the possible benefits of adult neurogenesis?
Q2) The process in which genes exchange equivalent sections of genetic material is known as
A) linkage.
B) crossing over.
C) meiosis.
D) gene expression.
Q3) In the forebrain,myelination proceeds
A) simultaneously from inferior to superior and from posterior to anterior.
B) simultaneously from superior to inferior and from anterior to posterior.
C) first from posterior to anterior,then from inferior to superior.
D) first from inferior to posterior,then from anterior to posterior.
Q4) According to Robert Friedland and his colleagues,people with dementia are more likely than people who remain healthy to engage in which of the following activities?
A) walking
B) eating vegetables
C) reading
D) watching television
Q5) Summarize the major events that occur in synaptogenesis.
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Chapter 6: Vision
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Sample Questions
Q1) If we record from an on-center bipolar cell in the retina,the cell will show maximum activity if we shine a light on its entire receptive field.
A)True
B)False
Q2) __________ may be considered a normal part of aging,but it is still a visual disorder and many people find it hard to adjust to it.
A) Monochromacy
B) Dichromacy
C) Strabismus
D) Presbyopia
Q3) Primate color vision is especially good at discriminating shades of which of the following colors?
A) red
B) green
C) blue
D) yellow
Q4) Why is our vision blurry when we swim underwater without goggles?
Q5) What is an orientation column?
Q6) What causes astigmatism?
Page 8
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Chapter 7: Nonvisual Sensation and Perception
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184 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) If I increase the volume on my stereo by 10dB,from 60 to 70 dB,my family will probably perceive the loudness of the music as
A) 10 times louder than before.
B) 100 times louder than before.
C) 2 times louder than before.
D) about the same as before.
Q2) Justin was involved in a serious automobile accident,which resulted in damage to his olfactory system.Other than not being able to smell anything,what else can Justin expect from his injury?
A) He might become severely depressed.
B) The taste of his food might become too strong to be pleasant.
C) His sense of taste will become stronger to compensate for the loss of olfaction.
D) There will be no other problems,as smell is not an important sense for humans.
Q3) A low frequency sound wave is perceived as
A) quiet.
B) loud.
C) high pitched.
D) low pitched.
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Chapter 8: Movement
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182 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) The arrival of an action potential causes
A) calcium to enter the muscle fiber.
B) calcium to be released by internal organelles.
C) acetylcholine to enter the muscle fiber.
D) acetylcholine to be released by internal organelles.
Q2) Endurance exercise can convert Type _________ fibers into Type _________ fibers.
A) IIb;IIa
B) IIa;IIb
C) I;II.
D) II;I
Q3) The rapid removal of your hand from a hot surface is the result of A) reciprocal inhibition.
B) a monosynaptic reflex.
C) the patellar tendon reflex.
D) a flexion reflex.
Q4) Feedback regarding joint position and movement is provided by A) muscle spindles.
B) mechanoreceptors.
C) Golgi tendon organs.
D) free nerve endings.
10
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Chapter 9: Temperature Regulation,thirst,and Hunger
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Sample Questions
Q1) Drinking is initiated when
A) aldosterone reaches the organum vasculosum of the lamina terminalis (OVLT).
B) aldosterone reaches the subfornical organ.
C) angiotensin II reaches the organum vasculosum of the lamina terminalis (OVLT).
D) angiotensin II reaches the subfornical organ.
Q2) Neurons in the lateral hypothalamus involved with the initiation of complex feeding behaviors may secrete
A) TSH and ACTH.
B) MCH and orexins (hypocretins).
C) MCH and ACTH.
D) TSH and orexins (hypocretins).
Q3) What do baroreceptors measure?
A) blood pressure
B) intracellular fluid volume
C) sodium levels
D) interstitial fluid volume
Q4) Individuals with diabetes mellitus experience extreme thirst due to hypovolemia.
A)True
B)False
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Chapter 10: Sexual Behavior
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177 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) What is the relationship between birth order and sexual orientation in men?
Q2) In cases of 5-alpha-reductase deficiency,_________ external genitalia at birth become _________ at puberty.
A) ambiguous;masculinized
B) ambiguous;feminized
C) masculine;feminized
D) feminine;masculinized
Q3) In cases of 5-alpha-reductase deficiency,internal organs
A) fail to develop in either the male or female pattern.
B) develop in the normal female pattern.
C) develop in the normal male pattern.
D) develop both the normal female and male patterns.
Q4) According to evolutionary psychology,the best reproductive strategy for A) men is to be selective and for women to be promiscuous.
B) women is to be selective and for men to be promiscuous.
C) both men and women is to be selective.
D) both men and women to be promiscuous.
Q5) What hormonal changes occur at puberty?
Q6) What processes determine the development of external genitalia?
Q7) Describe the major features of Klinefelter syndrome.
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Chapter 11: Sleep and Waking
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173 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Lucid dreaming
A) occurs when you can consciously control your dream.
B) occurs when you cannot control a nightmare.
C) occurs only during NREM sleep.
D) is characteristic of people with clinical depression.
Q2) K-complexes occur during _________ sleep.
A) REM
B) Stage 1 NREM
C) Stage 2 NREM
D) Stages 3 and 4 NREM
Q3) After the age of 25,people usually experience
A) increased amounts of REM sleep.
B) decreased amounts of REM sleep.
C) increased amounts of NREM.
D) decreased amounts of NREM.
Q4) Caffeine produces alertness by
A) increasing the release of adenosine.
B) blocking receptors for adenosine.
C) stimulating nicotinic acetylcholine (ACh)receptors.
D) blocking receptors for serotonin.
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Chapter 12: Learning and Memory
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179 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) In conditioned fear research with rats,which of the following might be used by the experimenters as a conditioned response?
A) working to postpone an electric shock
B) increased salivation
C) reductions in working for food
D) increases in working for food
Q2) Describe the approach suggested by David Diamond and his colleagues for reconciling memory failures associated with stress,such as repression,with memory enhancements,such as flashbulb memories and the flashbacks associated with posttraumatic stress disorder.
Q3) Changes in the magnitude of a response to environmental stimuli is typical in A) instinctive behaviors.
B) reflexes.
C) associative learning.
D) nonassociative learning.
Q4) Which of the following is an example of a short-term memory?
A) what you had for breakfast this morning
B) the question you just read and are trying to answer
C) your best friend's name
D) the instructions your professor gave you when you began taking the exam
Page 14
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Chapter 13: Lateralization, language, and Intelligence
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Sample Questions
Q1) Left-handed people
A) nearly always lateralize language to the right hemisphere.
B) are less likely to lateralize language to the right hemisphere.
C) are less likely to use both hemispheres equally for language than right-handed people.
D) are more likely to use both hemispheres equally for language than right-handed people.
Q2) Among bilinguals and multilinguals who have experienced brain damage,languages are most likely to be retained when they are learned
A) later in life with less fluency.
B) later in life with greater fluency.
C) early in life with less fluency.
D) early in life with greater fluency.
Q3) Joseph Bogen severed which of the following pathways in his split-brain surgeries?
A) the fornix
B) the stria terminalis
C) the arcuate fasciculus
D) the corpus callosum
Q4) What are the major features of Wernicke's aphasia?
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Chapter 14: Emotion, reward, aggression, and Stress
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183 Verified Questions
183 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) If sentences with different emotional tones are presented to each ear,
A) most participants will do a better job of identifying the emotional tone presented to the right ear.
B) most participants will do a better job of identifying the emotional tone presented to the left ear.
C) most participants will be unable to identify either emotional tone.
D) positive emotional tones will be identified best when presented to the left ear.
Q2) The use of the Maori haka by the New Zealand All Blacks rugby team demonstrates A) catharsis.
B) the ability of facial expression to alter mood.
C) the role of the right hemisphere in facial expression.
D) the role of the amygdala in emotion.
Q3) The parts of the brain responsible for inhibiting aggression and considering the long-term consequences of behavior are mature in humans
A) at puberty.
B) at the age of 16,which is why we allow people to start driving at that age.
C) at the age of 18,which is why legal adulthood begins at this age.
D) by the mid-20s.
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Page 16
Chapter 15: Neurological Disorders
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Sample Questions
Q1) Independent growths of new tissue that lack purpose are known as A) tumors.
B) arteriovenous malformations.
C) cavernous malformations.
D) aneurysms.
Q2) Seizures that originate in a focal area without affecting consciousness are known as A) petit mal seizures.
B) grand mal seizures.
C) simple partial seizures.
D) complex partial seizures.
Q3) In children,epilepsy may be improved by a diet that is high in _________ and low in _________.
A) fat;glucose
B) protein;fat
C) glucose;fat
D) fat;protein
Q4) How would you advise an NFL quarterback who has experienced several concussions during the current season?
Q5) Summarize the symptoms and treatment of AIDS dementia complex (ADC).
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Chapter 16: Psychological Disorders
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Sample Questions
Q1) The heritability of attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD)is _________ percent.
A) less than 10
B) between 20 and 40
C) between 40 and 60
D) possibly as high as 80
Q2) Bipolar disorder is most frequently treated through the use of A) lithium.
B) SSRIs.
C) electroconvulsive shock therapy.
D) monoamine oxidase inhibitors.
Q3) Propanolol inhibits glucocorticoids in the brain.If administered to a person who has just experienced a traumatic event,what effect might this have?
A) The likelihood of developing posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD)might be reduced.
B) The likelihood of developing posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD)might be increased.
C) The likelihood of developing panic disorder would be increased.
D) The likelihood of developing obsessive-compulsive disorder would be reduced.
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