Neonatal Intensive Care Study Guide Questions
Course Introduction
Neonatal Intensive Care is a specialized course that focuses on the management and care of critically ill newborns, including preterm and low birth weight infants. The course covers the pathophysiology of common neonatal conditions, advanced monitoring techniques, respiratory and nutritional support, infection control, and the use of technology in the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit (NICU). Students will develop skills in the assessment, stabilization, and ongoing management of neonates, as well as an understanding of family-centered care, ethical considerations, and interdisciplinary collaboration required in high-acuity neonatal settings.
Recommended Textbook
Neonatal and Pediatric Respiratory Care 4th Edition by Brian K. Walsh
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36 Chapters
733 Verified Questions
733 Flashcards
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2
Chapter 1: Fetal Lung Development
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6 Verified Questions
6 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which of the following mechanisms is (are)responsible for the possible association between oligohydramnios and lung hypoplasia?
I.Abnormal carbohydrate metabolism
II.Mechanical restriction of the chest wall
III.Interference with fetal breathing
IV.Failure to produce fetal lung liquid
A)I and III only
B)II and III only
C)I,II,and IV only
D)II,III,and IV only
Answer: D
Q2) What is the purpose of the substance secreted by the type II pneumocyte?
A)To increase the gas exchange surface area
B)To reduce surface tension
C)To maintain lung elasticity
D)To preserve the volume of the amniotic fluid
Answer: B
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Chapter 2: Fetal Gas Exchange and Circulation
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7 Verified Questions
7 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which of the following anatomic structures is a (are)fetal shunt(s)?
I.Foramen ovale
II.Sinus venosus
III.Ductus venosus
IV.Ductus arteriosus
A)III only
B)I,III,and IV only
C)I,II,and IV only
D)II,III,and IV only
Answer: B
Q2) A pregnant woman is coming for an early prenatal evaluation and wants to know if she can listen to the baby's heartbeat.How early can the fetal heartbeat be detected?
A)Day 8
B)Day 22
C)Day 45
D)Day 60
Answer: B
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Chapter 3: Antenatal Assessment and High Risk Delivery
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24 Verified Questions
24 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) What is the most common invasive procedure to assess the fetal condition?
A)Amniocentesis
B)Scalp fetal pH
C)Stress test
D)Needle ultrasound
Answer: A
Q2) Which of the following microorganisms often affect pregnancy outcome?
A)Group B Streptococcus
B)Haemophilus influenzae
C)Mycobacterium tuberculosis
D)Hepatitis C virus
Answer: A
Q3) Which of the following conditions is a significant problem in postterm pregnancy?
A)Infection
B)Fetal anencephaly
C)Meconium aspiration
D)Obesity
Answer: C
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Chapter 4: Exam and Assessment of the Neonatal and Pediatric Patient
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33 Verified Questions
33 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) What condition would be responsible for the therapist observing a pulse oximeter indicating decreased perfusion while central blood pressure remains normal?
A)Volume depletion with compensatory peripheral vasoconstriction
B)Hypoplastic left-sided heart syndrome
C)Hypervolemia with compensatory peripheral vasodilation
D)Hypoplastic right-sided heart syndrome
Q2) An infant arrives in the newborn nursery with an axillary body temperature of 95.6°
F.Which of the following events may be responsible for this infant's temperature?
A)The neonate was in an infant warmer in the delivery room.
B)The infant was swaddled in numerous blankets.
C)The delivery room temperature was low.
D)The newborn has protracted diarrhea.
Q3) Which of the following components compose the history of present illness section of a patient's medical history?
A)Immunizations
B)Symptoms exhibited by parents
C)Aggravating or alleviating factors
D)Symptoms resulting in hospitalizations
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Chapter 5: Pulmonary Function Testing and Bedside
Pulmonary Mechanics
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18 Verified Questions
18 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) A pre- and postbronchodilator,partial expiratory pressure-volume maneuver was performed on a 9-month-old boy.The child's prebronchodilator m FRC was 67 mL/second and the postbronchodilator m FRC was 94 mL/second.How should the therapist interpret these data?
A)The data are erroneous.
B)The data are inconclusive.
C)The patient will not clinically improve with bronchodilator administration.
D)The patient has demonstrated clinically significant improvement with bronchodilator administration.
Q2) Which of the following factors is the most important determinant of high airway resistance and air trapping in small infants?
A)The small tidal volume
B)Small diameter of the airways
C)Excessive amount of mucus production
D)The length of the airways
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Chapter 6: Radiographic Assessment
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19 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) A therapist is viewing frontal chest X-ray of a 12-year-old child and notices mediastinal shift towards the right hemithorax along with elevated hemidiaphragm and vascular crowding.Which of the following conditions does this child likely have?
A)Atelectasis
B)Pneumonia
C)Pleural effusion
D)ARDS
Q2) A therapist is viewing frontal and lateral neck X-rays of a 12-month-old child and notices what is described as the "steeple" or "church steeple" sign: subglottic narrowing below the vocal cords,and an overdistended hypopharynx.Which of the following conditions does this child likely have?
A)Laryngotracheobronchitis
B)Tracheomalacia
C)Adenoidal enlargement
D)Epiglottitis
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8
Chapter 7: Bronchoscopy
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20 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which of the following complications of flexible bronchoscopy are considered most common?
I.Transient cough
II.Hypoxemia
III.Respiratory depression
IV.Bronchospasm
A)I and II only
B)III and IV only
C)I,II,and IV only
D)I,II,III,and IV
Q2) A flexible bronchoscopy has been ordered in a child undergoing mechanical ventilation for acute respiratory distress syndrome.After several events of desaturation and therapeutic recruitment maneuvers,the physician wants to rule out mucus plugging.What should the therapist suggest to avoid alveolar derecruitment in this patient?
A)Take the patient off and bag throughout the procedure.
B)Increase PEEP on the ventilator until the procedure is completed.
C)Use a PEEP-Keep TM adaptor.
D)Increase tidal volume to sustain lung recruitment during the procedure.
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9
Chapter 8: Invasive Blood Gas Analysis and Monitoring
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21 Verified Questions
21 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which of the following is one of the most common arrhythmias observed as a complication from the insertion of a pulmonary artery catheter?
A)Premature ventricular contraction
B)S3 gallop
C)Atrial fibrillation
D)Paroxysmal atrial contraction
Q2) Calculate a patient's total arterial oxygen content given the following data:
Arterial oxygen tension (PaO ),100 mm Hg
Arterial carbon dioxide tension (PacO ),45 mm Hg
Arterial oxygen saturation (SaO ),97.5%
Hemoglobin concentration ([Hb]),15 g/dL
Cardiac output,4.5 L/minute
Stroke volume,55 mL/beat
A)19.9 vol%
B)18.7 vol%
C)16.6 vol%
D)14.9 vol%
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10
Chapter 9: Noninvasive Monitoring in Neonatal and Pediatric Care
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18 Verified Questions
18 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which of the following conditions will preclude the use of indirect calorimetry?
I.Cuffed endotracheal tubes
II.Circuit leaks
III.FiO 40%
IV.HFOV
A)I,II,and III only
B)II and III only
C)II and IV only
D)I,III,and IV only
Q2) The therapist is assessing a mechanically ventilated infant and observes that the transcutaneous electrode temperature is set between 41° C and 44° C.What action does the therapist need to take at this time?
A)The temperature range set is appropriate;therefore,no action is necessary.
B)The therapist should increase the temperature range to 47° C to 48° C.
C)The temperature of the transcutaneous electrode needs to be reduced to 36° C to 38° C.
D)The electrode needs to be repositioned and maintained at the same temperature.
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Chapter 10: Oxygen Administration
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17 Verified Questions
17 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) How will excess condensate present in aerosol tubing affect the delivered FiO ?
A)It will increase the Fio .
B)It will decrease the Fio .
C)It will only affect the Fio if in excess of 2 mL.
D)It will produce an unpredictable effect on the Fio .
Q2) What is the concern when administering oxygen to a sedated infant who is wearing a nasal cannula?
A)Too low of an Fio may be delivered.
B)Too high of an Fio may be given.
C)Gastric distention may develop.
D)The patient may stop breathing.
Q3) What is the minimum level of oxygen tension in a child that requires oxygen administration?
A)PaO of 80 mm Hg
B)PaO of 60 mm Hg
C)SPo of 92%
D)SPo of 95%
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Chapter 11: Aerosols and Administration of Medication
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22 Verified Questions
22 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) How can a patient avoid the problem of terminating inhalation when a plume from a pressurized metered-dose inhaler (pMDI)impacts the oropharynx?
A)Hold the pMDI closer the mouth.
B)Use a valved holding chamber.
C)Depress the nozzle only half the full distance.
D)Instruct the patient to inspire a short,rapid breath.
Q2) Why are pass-over humidifiers preferred over pneumatic nebulizer humidifiers?
A)Pass-over humidifiers produce smaller particles and have a greater output.
B)The fraction of inspired oxygen (Fio )used with pass-over humidifiers is easier to control.
C)Pass-over humidifiers transmit fewer pathogens than pneumatic nebulizers.
D)Pass-over humidifiers have a smaller residual volume than pneumatic nebulizers.
Q3) An aerosol treatment is being administered via a jet nebulizer.After 8 minutes the nebulizer starts "sputtering." What should the therapist do at this point?
A)Tap the nebulizer cup until no more mist is produced.
B)Terminate the treatment at this time.
C)Allow the nebulizer to continue the treatment for 2 more minutes.
D)Add more diluent to the nebulizer cup.
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Chapter 12: Airway Clearance Techniques and Lung
Volume Expansion
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20 Verified Questions
20 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) A respiratory therapist has been assigned to administer FET to a 5-year-old patient.Since small children are typically unable to perform such a maneuver,what should the RT do at this time?
A)Request to cancel the order and change therapy.
B)Try to instruct the child on how to perform FET.
C)Apply gentle chest wall compression during the expiratory phase.
D)Ask the child to forcefully cough after a deep breath.
Q2) A respiratory therapist has been assigned to administer CPT to a patient with cystic fibrosis.What areas of the body should the RT avoid when percussing the patient?
A)Intercostal spaces
B)Fractured ribs
C)Precordium
D)Areas between the scapulas
Q3) What is the most important variable used to assess the efficacy of CPT?
A)Quality of the chest radiograph
B)Degree and persistence of coughing
C)Changes in the color and consistency of mucus
D)Amount of mucus obtained during and after treatment
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Chapter 13: Airway Management
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25 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Where is the tracheostomy tube usually placed in children?
A)Between the second and fourth tracheal rings
B)Between the fourth and fifth tracheal rings
C)Between the cricoid and the thyroid cartilage
D)Between the first and second tracheal rings
Q2) Which of the following conditions is considered a disadvantage of nasotracheal intubation in neonates?
A)Postextubation atelectasis among very low-birth weight infants
B)Pressure necrosis of the nares
C)Deformation of the nasal turbinates
D)Olfactory nerve damage
Q3) What is considered the best predictor of a successful extubation?
A)An oxygen saturation > 95%
B)A respiratory rate < 35 breaths per minute
C)A cuff leak < 25 cm H O
D)A successful spontaneous breathing trial
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Chapter 14: Surfactant Replacement
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14 Verified Questions
14 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which of the following clinical conditions should be suspected in a neonate unresponsive to surfactant due to its inactivation?
A)Pulmonary hypertension
B)Pulmonary hemorrhage
C)Pneumonia
D)Methemoglobinemia
Q2) Which of the following is the most important component of pulmonary surfactant?
I.Dipalmitoyl phosphatidylcholine
II.Phosphatidylglycerine
III.Phosphatidylinositol
IV.Sphingomyelin
A)I only
B)I and IV only
C)I,II,and IV only
D)II,III,and IV only
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16
Chapter 15: Non-Invasive Mechanical Ventilation and
Continuous Positive Pressure of the Neonate
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19 Verified Questions
19 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) A bubble CPAP has been set up on an infant at 12 L/min and the water column is reading 4 cm H O.A chest X-ray reveals mild lung overdistention.What is the most feasible explanation for this finding?
A)The amount of CPAP is excessive for this age group.
B)The flow rate is very high and the CPAP measured at the nasal prongs is probably > 4 cm H O.
C)The cannula is probably too large for the infant and causes inadvertent CPAP.
D)The chest X-ray finding is consistent with the amount of CPAP set at the water chamber.
Q2) Which of the following CPAP systems delivers a more consistent pressure,lowers work of breathing (WOB),is less sensitive to leaks,and is more effective at alveolar recruitment compared with other forms of CPAP?
A)B-CPAP
B)MV-CPAP
C)V-CPAP
D)IF-CPAP
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Chapter 16: Noninvasive Mechanical Ventilation of the Child
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21 Verified Questions
21 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) How should a volume-regulated ventilator for NPPV be adjusted to deliver the appropriate tidal volume (VT)to a pediatric patient?
A)The preset VT should be equal to the patient's estimated anatomic dead space volume.
B)The delivered VT should be equal to the estimated anatomic dead space divided by the patient's respiratory rate.
C)The VT should be set by dividing the patient's PaCO by two.
D)The delivered VT should be set at twice the child's physiologic VT.
Q2) A patient receiving PAV is noticed to increase breathing effort.Which parameters will the ventilator modify to respond to this patient's increased respiratory demand?
I.Increase flow
II.Increase tidal volume
III.Increase pressure
IV.Increase CPAP
A)I and II only
B)II,III,and IV only
C)III,IV,and V only
D)I and III only
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Chapter 17: Mechanical Ventilation of the Neonate and Pediatric Patient
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28 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) What is a frequent requirement when employing the low-volume strategy while ventilating a neonatal patient with pulmonary interstitial emphysema by HFV?
A)High inspiratory flow
B)Positive end-expiratory pressure
C)High inspired fraction of oxygen (Fio?)
D)Longer inspiratory time
Q2) Which of the following factors influences the gas volume compressed in the ventilator circuit?
A)Ventilation time constant
B)Water level in the humidifier
C)Location of the exhalation valve
D)Size (inner diameter)of the endotracheal tube
Q3) During HFOV manipulation of which of the following components establishes the continuous distending pressure?
A)Gas flow through the pneumotachometer during expiration
B)Peak inspiratory pressure-trough pressure gradient
C)Inspiratory valve aperture
D)Bias flow
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Chapter 18: Administration of Gas Mixtures
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24 Verified Questions
24 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) The respiratory therapist has initiated iNO at 20 ppm for an infant with pulmonary hypertension.After 2 hours a blood gas test reveals a 10% improvement in SaO .What should the therapist do?
A)Keep iNO at 20 ppm and wait at least 2 hours before considering any change.
B)Increase iNO to 30 ppm and keep the same Fio .
C)Keep iNO at 20 ppm and wean the Fio by 10%.
D)Increase iNO to 30 ppm with no changes in Fio .
Q2) The therapist is evaluating a small tachypneic infant receiving heliox mixture 70:30 through an infant hood.Although the SpO has improved,the child shows signs of worsening work of breathing.What is the most probable mechanism to explain this situation?
A)The FiHe is too low in a 70:30 mixture to change work of breathing in this infant.
B)The flow going through the infant hood is inadequate.
C)A greater concentration of helium is present at the top of the hood and away from the infant's nose and mouth.
D)The infant is breathing too fast;thus heliox is not reaching the airways.
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Chapter 19: Extracorporeal Life Support
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25 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) The therapist in charge of a patient on ECMO has noticed an increase in premembrane pressures.What is the most probable explanation?
A)Very high pump flow
B)Clotting in the circuit
C)Damage of the raceway
D)Excessive sweep flow
Q2) In the gas membrane exchanger,what is one of the limiting factors to the transfer rate of oxygen across the membrane?
A)The flow of blood
B)The concentration gradient of the gas across the membrane
C)The thickness of the blood film between the membrane layers
D)The flow of gas in relationship to the flow of blood
Q3) How can membrane malfunction be suspected?
A)Narrowing of the premembrane and postmembrane PaCO
B)Widening of the premembrane and postmembrane PaO
C)Presence of large clots in the circuit
D)Presence of air bubbles
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Chapter 20: Pharmacology
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20 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) A patient with status asthmaticus has been admitted to the emergency department.The physician would like to try a b -agonist that can be administered parenterally.Which of the following drugs should the therapist suggest?
A)Terbutaline
B)Levalbuterol
C)Epinephrine
D)Pirbuterol
Q2) Which of the following medications is a recombinant humanized monoclonal anti-IgE antibody use for the treatment of severe persistent asthma?
A)rhDNase
B)RespiGam
C)Omalizumab
D)Palivizumab
Q3) Which of the following effects is related to activation of b-adrenergic receptor sites?
A)Activation of guanyl cyclase
B)Skeletal muscle contraction
C)Bronchial smooth muscle relaxation
D)Release of inflammatory mediators
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Chapter 21: Thoracic Organ Transplantation
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Sample Questions
Q1) The therapist notices the following signs in a pediatric patient who recently had a heart transplant:
Decreased cardiac contractility
Congestive heart failure
Tachycardia
Tachypnea
Malaise
How should the therapist interpret these signs?
A)These signs are normal and expected after heart transplantation.
B)The patient has become hypovolemic.
C)The patient requires cardioversion.
D)The patient is in rejection.
Q2) What typically makes lungs unsuitable for donation?
A)Pulmonary edema
B)Platelike atelectasis
C)Tracheal tear
D)Tracheitis
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Page 23
Chapter 22: Neonatal Complications and Pulmonary Disorders
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26 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) In addition to Group B Streptococcus,which of the following microorganisms are responsible for nosocomial pneumonia acquired after delivery?
A)RSV
B)Escherichia coli
C)Pseudomona spp.
D)Haemophilus influenza
Q2) Which of the following medications should the therapist recommend for an infant with apnea of prematurity experiencing episodes of apnea?
A)Caffeine
B)Benzodiazepines
C)Antibiotics
D)Doxapram
Q3) What is the typical type of airway obstruction that occurs with MAS?
A)Ball valve
B)Complete
C)No obstruction
D)Airway inflammation
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Page 24
Chapter 23: Congenital and Surgical Disorders That Affect
Respiratory Care
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Sample Questions
Q1) A newborn is brought to the emergency room for difficulty breathing.The mother of the baby reports constant drooling,coughing,and episodes of cyanosis.What should the therapist suspect this condition is?
A)Congenital diaphragmatic hernia
B)Tracheoesophageal fistula
C)Esophageal atresia
D)Pyloric dilation
Q2) What is the most common patient complaint associated with pectus carinatum?
A)Cough
B)Dyspnea at rest
C)Cosmetic
D)Cardiac palpitations
Q3) Why is pulmonary development often stifled in children who have asphyxiating thoracic dystrophy?
A)Because of gas exchange problems
B)Because the chest cavity is decreased
C)Because the thorax is too compliant
D)Because of a hypoplastic right ventricle
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Chapter 24: Congenital Cardiac Defects
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which of the following methods is involved in the management of a PDA?
A)Increasing the circulating volume
B)Maintaining/optimizing the hematocrit at the low end of normal hemoglobin level
C)Administering indomethacin
D)Administering digoxin
Q2) What should the therapist select as target gas exchange parameters after surgical intervention for infants with hypoplastic left ventricular syndrome HLHS?
A)pH < 7.35
B)PaO of 60 mm Hg and PaCO of 60 mm Hg
C)pH > 7.45
D)PaO of 40 mm Hg and PaCO of 40 mm Hg
Q3) Which of the following medications is the most common preoperative treatment to minimize preductal constriction until surgical correction of coarctation of the aorta can be achieved?
A)Indomethacin
B)Prostaglandin E
C)Negative inotropes
D)Diuretics
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Chapter 25: Sudden Infant Death Syndrome Sleep Disorders
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which of the following are typical features of the obstructive hypoventilation syndrome?
I.Disruption of sleep architecture
II.Degradation of sleep quality
III.Abnormal gas exchange
IV.Significant daytime symptoms
A)I and III only
B)II and IV only
C)I,II,and IV only
D)I,II,III,and IV
Q2) What is the leading cause of death in infants?
A)Congenital malformations (e.g. ,heart defects)
B)CSA
C)SIDS
D)ALTE
Q3) What is the age group with the highest prevalence of OSA?
A)First 6 months
B)6 months to 1 year
C)1 to 2 years
D)2 years to 8 years
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Chapter 26: Pediatric Airway Disorders and Pulmonary
Infections
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Sample Questions
Q1) A 3-year-old child has the following clinical presentations in the ER:
Profound nasal congestion and productive cough
Chest auscultation revealing diffuse coarse,"sticky" crackles (sounding like Velcro)
Chest radiograph revealing lung hyperinflation with flattened hemidiaphragms
What pulmonary condition does this infant likely have?
A)Bronchiectasis
B)Primary ciliary dyskinesia
C)Supralaryngeal obstruction
D)Bronchiolitis
Q2) Which of the following radiographic techniques is best for determining the presence of a ball-valve type obstruction?
A)A standard portable A-P chest X-ray
B)A lateral neck radiograph
C)Either a right or left lateral decubitus film
D)Inspiratory and expiratory A-P chest X-rays
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Chapter 27: Asthma
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Sample Questions
Q1) When endotracheal intubation and mechanical ventilation are indicated for a pediatric patient with asthma,which of the following ventilator setting adjustments should the therapist consider making?
A)25% inspiratory pause
B)Tidal volume 10 mL/kg
C)Low to moderate positive end-expiratory pressure (PEEP)
D)Low Fio
Q2) Which of the following types of cells play a role in the pathophysiology of asthma?
I.Mast cells
II.Eosinophils
III.Neutrophils
IV.Basophils
A)I and III only
B)II and IV only
C)I,II,and III only
D)II,III,and IV only
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Chapter 28: Cystic Fibrosis
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Sample Questions
Q1) A sweat chloride test and CFTR mutation analysis performed in a 10-year-old child with signs and symptoms consistent with CF are inconclusive.Which of the following tests should the therapist suggest at this time?
A)Sodium in urine
B)Nasal potential difference
C)CT scan of the chest with contrast
D)Immunoreactive trypsinogen
Q2) Which of the following methods is the most commonly recommended for newborn screening?
A)Sodium in urine
B)Nasal potential difference
C)CT scan of the chest with contrast
D)Immunoreactive trypsinogen
Q3) What are the chances of two CFTR gene carriers having a normal child?
A)100%
B)75%
C)50%
D)25%
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Chapter 29: Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome
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Sample Questions
Q1) The therapist is auscultating a 2-year-old patient with ARDS.Which of the following is a common auscultatory finding in ARDS?
A)Wheezing
B)Stridor
C)Crackles
D)Pleural rub
Q2) What acid-base abnormality does a patient generally display when experiencing stage 2 of ARDS?
A)Mixed acidosis
B)Respiratory alkalosis
C)Respiratory acidosis
D)Metabolic acidosis
Q3) A therapist is evaluating the progress of a patient with ARDS.The arterial blood gas reveals a PaO? of 55 mm Hg and a PaCO? of 65 mm Hg.The PEEP is set at 12 cm H?O,and the mean airway pressure is 18 on an FiO? of 0.60.What is the OI in this patient?
A)20.7
B)13.1
C)1.31
D)200
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Page 31
Chapter 30: Shock, Sepsis and Anaphylaxis
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Sample Questions
Q1) A child is receiving aggressive therapy for shock.Cardiac failure has developed.Which of the following inotropes is the most frequently used under these circumstances?
A)Epinephrine
B)Dopamine
C)Norepinephrine
D)Digitalis
Q2) Which of the following signs is one of the first to indicate decreased peripheral perfusion in children?
A)Tachycardia
B)Bradycardia
C)Hypotension
D)Dyspnea
Q3) During the treatment of sepsis,what intervention may be needed if hypotension persists despite the maximal application of inotropic and vasomotor support?
A)Endotracheal intubation and mechanical ventilation
B)High-frequency oscillatory ventilation
C)Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation
D)Hyperbaric oxygenation
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Chapter 31: Pediatric Trauma
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Sample Questions
Q1) Injury to which of the following structures should be suspected in a young child who has a penetrating chest wound located at the 5th intercostal space?
A)Diaphragm
B)Esophagus
C)Trachea
D)Vertebrae
Q2) Which of the following procedures can cause an iatrogenic pneumothorax?
A)Oropharyngeal suctioning
B)Central venous catheter placement
C)Orogastric tube placement
D)Nasogastric tube placement
Q3) Why are infants and children highly vulnerable to head injury?
I.Their head is large and heavy compared with the rest of the body.
II.They lack mature judgment.
III.They are uncoordinated.
IV.They tend to move too fast.
A)I and III only
B)II and IV only
C)I,II,and III only
D)II,III,and IV only
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Chapter 32: Disorders of the Pleura
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Sample Questions
Q1) The therapist is assessing a water seal and a collection chamber and observes bubbling in the water seal chamber.What should the therapist do at this time?
A)Nothing because bubbling indicates normal function
B)Increase the suction pressure
C)Reassess the patient because bubbling indicates presence of air leak
D)Remove the chest tube
Q2) Which of the following mechanisms explains the accumulation of fluid in the pleural space of patients with ARDS?
A)Increased capillary permeability
B)Decreased osmotic pressure
C)Increased hydrostatic pressure
D)Obstructed lymphatic drainage
Q3) Which of the following conditions is considered a complication of a thoracentesis?
A)Increased intracranial pressure
B)Pneumothorax
C)Pneumonia
D)Consolidation
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34
Chapter 33: Neurologic and Neuromuscular Disorders
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Sample Questions
Q1) What are the names of the separate pathways in the spinal cord that support both voluntary and involuntary ventilation and transmit signals through descending pathways to motor neurons?
A)Voluntary,reticulospinal;involuntary,corticospinal
B)Voluntary,cervicothoracic;involuntary,reticulospinal
C)Voluntary,corticospinal;involuntary,reticulospinal
D)Voluntary,corticospinal;involuntary,cervicothoracic
Q2) Which of the following forms of poliomyelitis affects the nerves in the cervical spine region that control diaphragmatic function?
A)Spinal
B)Bulbar
C)Bulbospinal
D)Bulbosacral
Q3) Which of the following muscles is considered a primary muscle of inspiration?
A)Internal intercostal muscles
B)Transversus abdominis
C)Sternocleidomastoid muscles
D)Diaphragm
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Chapter 34: Transport of Infants and Children
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which of the following professional organizations have developed educational requirements or training programs for pediatric transport personnel?
I.National Board for Respiratory Care
II.American Association for Respiratory Care
III.American Academy of Pediatrics
IV.Air & Surface Transport Nurses Association
A)I and II only
B)III and IV only
C)I,II,and III only
D)II,III,and IV only
Q2) Why must fixed-wing aircraft have the ability to control cabin pressure during the transport of critically patients?
A)To avoid the crew "blacking out"
B)To provide the patient's oxygenation needs
C)To avoid the patient becoming hypercarbic
D)To reduce the risk of fire
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36
Chapter 35: Home Care
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which of the following backup equipment needs to be provided for a home-ventilated infant who (1)lacks the ability to breathe spontaneously for at least 4 successive hours,(2)lives 2 hours away by automobile from medical assistance,and (3)requires mechanical ventilation for mobility?
A)Point-of-care blood gas analyzer
B)Second oxygen concentrator
C)Additional source of oxygen
D)Additional ventilator and ventilator circuits
Q2) What effect does an extended hospital stay tend to have on the discharge planning process for a child expected to receive mechanical ventilation at home?
A)It helps the family become more familiar with providing health care at home.
B)It provides the family with the opportunity to earn more income to facilitate the discharge process.
C)It affords the family more time to recruit additional health care providers to be used in the home.
D)It often results in a negative change in the family dynamics.
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Chapter 36: Quality and Safety
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Sample Questions
Q1) A therapist is assisting the pulmonologist during a bronchoscopy.While the child's oxygen saturation was reading above 90%,the patient had been apneic for approximately 1 minute and suffered a mild anoxic injury.What is the name of an event like this?
A)Near miss
B)Precursor safety event
C)Serious safety event
D)Sentinel event
Q2) Which of the following types of infections are considered HAIs?
I.Catheter-associated blood stream infections
II.Catheter-associated urinary tract infections
III.Ventilator-associated pneumonias
IV.Surgical site infections
A)II and III only
B)I,II,and IV only
C)I,III,and IV only
D)I,II,III,and IV
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