Neonatal and Pediatric Critical Care Exam
Review
Course Introduction
Neonatal and Pediatric Critical Care is a specialized course focused on the comprehensive management of critically ill newborns and children. The course covers the pathophysiology of life-threatening conditions in these age groups, advanced monitoring and therapeutic interventions, and the unique anatomical and physiological considerations of neonatal and pediatric patients. Emphasis is placed on the rapid identification and stabilization of acute illnesses, interpretation of diagnostic data, ventilatory and pharmacologic management, as well as multidisciplinary approaches to care in intensive care settings. Ethical issues, family-centered care, and strategies for communication with both families and healthcare teams are also incorporated to prepare students for high-acuity clinical environments.
Recommended Textbook
Neonatal and Pediatric Respiratory Care A Patient Case Method 1st Edition by Julianne Perretta
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478 Verified Questions
478 Flashcards
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Page 2
Chapter 1: Making Sense of Caring for Kids: a Different Approach
to Respiratory Care
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25 Verified Questions
25 Flashcards
Source URL: https://quizplus.com/quiz/38098
Sample Questions
Q1) Define off-label use.
Answer: Off-label use is when medication is prescribed and delivered for an intended use, such as age, group, or Condition, other than what is documented in the proposed labeling.
Q2) What laryngosCope blade is reCommended for children younger than 3 years old
A)Macintosh blade
B)Fiberoptic blade
C)Miller blade
D)Stylet blade
Answer: C
Q3) The preverbal scale for preterm infants, known as FLACC, is used to quantify pain.What does this acronym stand for
A)Fear, Listless, Anxious, Conscious, Crying
B)Fever, Limb movement, Anxiety, Crying, Conscious
C)Facial expression, Leg movement, Activity, Cry, Consolability
D)Flaccid, Listless, Awake, Conscious, Crying
Answer: C
Q4) List five errors that can occur in arterial blood gas sampling.
Answer: Heparin dilution, air in sample, venous admixture, temperature, metabolism
Page 3
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Chapter 2: Fetal Cardiopulmonary Development
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25 Verified Questions
25 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) During which gestational phase have the airways begun to branch to approximately four generations
A)Embryonic phase
B)Saccular phase
C)Pseudoglandular phase
D)Canalicular phase
Answer: C
Q2) What lung profile test is Considered less reliable and is ordered only 27% of the time in clinical practice
A)Lecithin-sphingomyelin (L/S) ratio
B)Lamellar body Count
C)Phosphatidylcholine (PG) presence
D)Surfactant-albumin (S/A) ratio
Answer: B
Q3) Higher surface tension improves lung Compliance.
A)True
B)False
Answer: False
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Page 4
Chapter 3: Resuscitation of the Newborn During Transition to
Extrauterine Life
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19 Verified Questions
19 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Baby Carter presents with gasping, his heart rate is greater than 100 bpm, and the presence of seCondary apnea is seen.<b><u>Initially</u></b>, what is the best approach when managing this newborn
A)Biphasic positive airway pressure therapy
B)Positive pressure ventilation via resuscitation bag and mask
C)Oxygen therapy
D)Positioning, drying, and vigorously rubbing the newborn's back
Answer: B
Q2) What stage of labor does the cervix reach Complete dilatation
A)Active phase
B)Latent phase
C)Deceleration phase
D)Transition phase
Answer: C
Q3) During cardiopulmonary resuscitation, a newborn's heart rate should be assessed every 5 seConds to determine effectiveness of Compressions.
A)True
B)False
Answer: False
5
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Chapter 4: Respiratory Distress Syndrome
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34 Verified Questions
34 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) What clinical evaluations need to be assessed by the registered respiratory therapist to determine whether the peak inspiratory pressure has been set adequately in an infant who has respiratory distress syndrome
I.Exhaled tidal volume is greater than 3 mL/kg and less than 8 mL/kg.
II.pH is 7.25 to 7.35 with PaCO of 45 to 55 mm Hg.
III.pH is 7.45 with PaCO of 50 mm Hg.
A)I and III
B)I and II
C)II and III
D)I, II, and III
Q2) In the 1950s, hyaline membrane disease was initially identified by which of the following groups of characteristics
A)Lung tissue has the Consistency of the liver, alveolar capillaries engorged, and majority of the parenchyma Collapsed
B)Pink lungs instead of dull red, underdeveloped alveolar ducts, and respiratory bronchioles
C)No evidence of aeration, nonCongested, and edematous
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Page 6
Chapter 5: Apnea of Prematurity and Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia
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Sample Questions
Q1) In recent studies, sufficient evidence has been given to support the routine use of inhaled nitric oxide as a rescue therapy for treatment of respiratory distress syndrome.
A)True
B)False
Q2) Successfully minimizing bronchopulmonary dysplasia rates in infants less than 1,500 g can be done by implementing all of the following modalities of care <b><u>except</u></b>:
A)Early institution of nasal Continuous positive airway pressure
B)Pulse oximetry limits
C)Avoidance of intubation
D)Early intervention of CortiCosteroid therapy
Q3) What is the <b><u>first action</u></b> a clinician needs to perform for a patient experiencing apnea
A)Nasal Continuous positive airway pressure
B)PharmaCology intervention
C)Tactile stimulation
D)Positive pressure ventilation
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Page 7
Chapter 6: Disease of Full-Term Infants
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23 Verified Questions
23 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) In cases of persistent pulmonary hypertension of a newborn, what mode of ventilation maintains the same mean airway pressure and improves oxygenation and ventilation the fastest
A)Controlled mandatory ventilation
B)ExtraCorporeal membrane oxygenation
C)High-frequency oscillatory ventilation
D)High-frequency jet ventilation
Q2) What drug increases systemic pressure and oxygenation in neonates with persistent pulmonary hypertension of the newborn
A)Inhaled nitric oxide
B)Prostacyclin
C)Norepinephrine
D)Sildenafil
Q3) What process must occur to stimulate a newborn to breathe
A)Decrease in PaO
B)Increase in PaCO
C)Decrease in PaCO
D)Increase in PaO
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8
Chapter 7: Common Neonatal Complications: Pulmonary
Complications
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17 Verified Questions
17 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) What is the most effective way to treat pulmonary interstitial emphysema
I.Pressure-targeted ventilation
II.Volume-targeted ventilation
III.Hyperinflation of lungs
IV.Minimizing overdistention
A)I and II
B)II and IV
C)II and III
D)I and IV
Q2) In the treatment of pneumonia, all of the following treatment options should be used except:
A)Antibiotic administration
B)Promoting hand washing
C)Bronchial hygiene therapy
D)Oxygen therapy
E)Surfactant delivery
Q3) Re-intubation and mechanical ventilation should be based only on chest radiograph evidence.
A)True
B)False
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Chapter 8: Common Neonatal Complications: Multisystem
Complications
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25 Verified Questions
25 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) What settings on a Conventional ventilator are frequently adjusted by a registered respiratory therapist when managing the pulmonary Complications of necrotizing enteroColitis
I.Increase in positive end-expiratory pressure
II.Increase in peak airway pressure
III.Decrease in positive end-expiratory pressure
IV.Decrease in peak airway resistance pressure
A)I and IV
B)II and III
C)I and II
D)II and IV
Q2) In patients with necrotizing enteroColitis, there is a direct link to the amount of bowel removed to their likelihood of survival.
A)True
B)False
Q3) The number of patients with retinopathy of prematurity in the developed world has reduced drastically since the introduction of new patient care technology.
A)True
B)False
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Chapter 9: Abdominal Defects
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21 Verified Questions
21 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which of the following factors Contribute to surfactant dysfunction in patients with Congenital diaphragmatic hernia
I.Lung hypoplasia
II.SeCondary surfactant deficiency
III.High-frequency oscillatory ventilation
IV.Change in surfactant Composition as a direct result in ventilator-induced injury
A)I, II, and III
B)I, III, and IV
C)II, III, and IV
D)I, II, and IV
Q2) What is one of the most noticeable physical findings in a newborn who presents with Congenital diagrammatic hernia
A)Scaphoid abdomen
B)Protruding belly
C)Concave chest
D)Paradoxical breathing
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11
Chapter 10: Airway Abnormalities
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22 Verified Questions
22 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) What is the treatment for macroglossia
A)Tonsillectomy
B)Tongue reduction surgery
C)IV antibiotics
D)Incision and drainage
Q2) Which of the following are Considered inexpensive methods to identify choanal atresia
I.Tissue test
II.Mirror test
III.Nasal endosCopy
IV.Deep tracheal suctioning
V.MRI scan
VI.CT scan
A)I, II, III, and IV
B)I, II, III, and VI
C)II, IV, and V
D)II, III, IV, and VI
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Chapter 11: Acyanotic Heart Defects
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22 Verified Questions
22 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Successful atrial septal defect closure has excellent long-term outComes.
A)True
B)False
Q2) What percentage of ventricular septal defects close in the first 2 years of life
A)25%
B)33%
C)50%
D)75%
Q3) What is the <b><u>most Common</u></b> Congenital cardiac defect
A)Atrial septal defect
B)Ventricular septal defect
C)Atrioventricular septal defect
D)Aortic stenosis
Q4) Septum secundum is defined as:
A)A thin layer of tissue Connected to the endocardial cushions
B)An opening in the intra-atrial septum
C)A muscular structure that grows downward from the upper portion of the embryologic atria
D)A wall that divides two cavities
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Chapter 12: Cyanotic Heart Defects
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20 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) What percentage of patients with Ebstein anomaly will present with arrhythmias during their lifetime
A)30%-35%
B)25%-30%
C)20%-40%
D)20%-30%
Q2) Surgical intervention is not indicated in patients with truncus arteriosus.
A)True
B)False
Q3) Total anomalous pulmonary venous return is a life-threatening problem because:
A)There is no blood delivery into the right side of the heart.
B)It presents with a Congenital long QT syndrome on electrocardiogram
C)There is no blood delivery into the left side of the heart.
D)It presents with a Congenital short QT syndrome on electrocardiogram
Q4) What is the mortality rate for infants with tetralogy of Fallot
A)Less than 10%
B)Greater than 25%
C)Less than 30%
D)Greater than 50%
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Chapter 13: Asthma
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29 Verified Questions
29 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) What are the reCommendations for mechanical ventilation during status asthmaticus, regardless of the mode of ventilation
I.Long I-times
II.Short E-times
III.I-time:E-time ratio initially 1:2 or 1:3
IV.Begin with FiO 1.0
V.Begin with a high respiratory rate and wean as tolerated
VI.Avoid a high respiratory rate to allow time for exhalation
A)I, III, IV, and VI
B)III, IV, and VI
C)II, III, IV, and V
D)I, III, and V
Q2) What test is instrumental in identifying clinical severity of airway hyperresponsiveness
A)Methacholine challenge
B)Acetylcholine challenge
C)Airway remodeling challenge
D)Bronchodilator and peak flow testing
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15
Chapter 14: Pediatric Disease With Respiratory Implications
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20 Verified Questions
20 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) What was the median survival age for patients with cystic fibrosis as of 2010
A)27.2
B)30.6
C)35.4
D)38.3
Q2) Which of the following inhaled antibiotics are approved to treat a patient with cystic fibrosis
I.Tobramycin
II.Aztreonam
III.Pulmozyme
IV.Colistin
A)I, II, and IV
B)I and III
C)I and IV
D)I only
Q3) What percentage of adults with cystic fibrosis (CF) develop CF-related diabetes
A)10%
B)25%
C)33%
D)50%
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Chapter 15: Pediatric Pulmonary Diseases
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31 Verified Questions
31 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) What are the signs and symptoms of pneumonia
I.Chills
II.Lethargy
III.Loss of appetite
IV.Wheezing in the bases
V.Shortness of breath
VI.Cough with thick secretions
VII.Fever greater than 38.5°C
A)I, II, IV, and V
B)I, III, V, VI, and VII
C)I, III, V, and VII
D)II, IV, VI, and VII
Q2) Which of the following is a life-threatening Complication associated with bronchiolitis
A)Airway edema
B)High fever
C)Apnea
D)Severe stridor
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Chapter 16: Pediatric Infectious Airway Diseases
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22 Verified Questions
22 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) What laboratory values are affected when epiglottitis is present
I.Elevated leukocyte Counts
II.Negative blood cultures
III.Positive blood cultures
IV.Elevated creatinine
V.Elevated gluCose level
A)II, III, and IV
B)II and IV
C)III and V
D)I and III
Q2) Children with bacterial tracheitis usually present with which of the following signs
I.High-grade fever
II.Cough
III.Stridor
IV.Sudden onset of symptoms
A)I and III
B)I, II, and IV
C)I, II, and IV.
D)II and III
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Chapter 17: Neuromuscular Disorders
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Sample Questions
Q1) When should initiation of noninvasive ventilation be Considered in patients with Duchenne's muscular dystrophy
I.Forced vital capacity is less than 50% predicted.
II.Abnormal sleep study suggesting hypoventilation and hypercarbia
III.SpO is less than 95% while awake.
IV.Maximal expiratory pressure is less than 40 cm H O.
A)I and II
B)I, III, IV
C)II and III
D)I, II, III, IV
Q2) Patients with a neuromuscular disease are no more prone to developing sColiosis of the spine than are other patients.
A)True
B)False
Q3) What test Confirms the diagnosis for Guillain Barré syndrome
A)Complete blood Count
B)Electromyography
C)Polysomnography study
D)Cerebrospinal fluid specimen
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19
Chapter 18: Pediatric Diseases With Respiratory Implications
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Sample Questions
Q1) Cyanide poisoning cannot be accurately evaluated based on pulse oximetry levels.
A)True
B)False
Q2) What is a <b><u>Common enzyme</u></b> that helps with the breakdown of dietary proteins
A)Erythromycin
B)Metoclopramide
C)Pepsin
D)Reglan
Q3) Hyperbaric chambers have shown remarkable success in the management and treatment of carbon monoxide poisoning.
A)True
B)False
Q4) What arterial blood gas result is evidence of a diagnosis of cyanide poisoning
A)Metabolic alkalosis with adequate oxygenation
B)Metabolic acidosis with adequate oxygenation
C)Respiratory alkalosis with adequate oxygenation
D)Respiratory acidosis with adequate oxygenation
Page 20
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Chapter 19: Neurological Accidents
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which of the following are patterns of primary injury for a traumatic brain injury
I.Subdural hematoma
II.Intraventricular hemorrhage
III.Intraparenchymal hemorrhage
IV.Cerebral Cortex hemorrhage
V.Epidural hematoma
VI.Skull fractures
VII.Cortex hemorrhage
VIII.Contusions
A)I, II, III, IV, V, and VI
B)I, II, III, V, VI, and VII
C)I, II, III, V, VI, and VIII
D)I, II, III, IV, V, VI, VII, and VIII
Q2) The interdisciplinary team should intervene as soon as a patient's intracranial pressure exceeds what level of pressure
A)10 mm Hg
B)15 mm Hg
C)20 mm Hg
D)30 mm Hg
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21
Chapter 20: Ethics in Perinatal and Pediatric Respiratory Care
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Sample Questions
Q1) What are the five Common philosophical frameworks for moral decision-making
I.Utilitarian
II.Egalitarian
III.Justice
IV.Virtue
V.Common good
VI.Rights
VII.Professionalism
A)I, III, IV, V, and VI
B)II, III, IV, V, and VII
C)I, II, V, VI, and VII
D)I, II, III, VI, and VII
Q2) What ethical principle is observed when a parent has the authority to make decisions regarding medical care for their children
A)Justice
B)Beneficence
C)Nonmaleficence
D)Autonomy
E)Veracity
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Chapter 21: Palliative and End of Life Care
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which of the following advanced directives is a written statement of the patient's health-care preferences
A)Durable power of attorney
B)Durable power of attorney for health care
C)Living will
D)Last will and testament
Q2) ________ focuses on helping patients and families decide what medical interventions are most likely to be helpful, rather than harmful, and also focuses on managing pain and other symptoms where Comfort is the intended outCome.
Q3) The palliative care team an provide support in all of the following ways
<b><u>except</u></b>:
A)Simply sitting with the family
B)Holding or lying in bed with the child
C)Limiting family who visit at the hospital
D)Memory-making activities
E)Allowing religious rituals to take place
F)ReCommending bereavement programs
Q4) ___________ is the method of slowly lowering ventilator support, over hours or days, prior to removal of an endotracheal tube.
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