Natural Disasters Solved
Exam Questions
Course Introduction
This course explores the science behind natural disasters, including earthquakes, volcanoes, hurricanes, floods, and other extreme natural events. Students will examine the geological, meteorological, and environmental processes that lead to these phenomena, as well as their historical impacts on human societies. The course also covers methods of disaster prediction, preparedness, and risk mitigation, offering an integrated approach to understanding the challenges and strategies for managing natural disasters in a changing world.
Recommended Textbook
Natural Disasters 1st Canadian Edition by Patrick Leon Abbott
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14 Chapters
917 Verified Questions
917 Flashcards
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Chapter 1: A Global and Canadian Outlook on Natural
Disasters
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which of the following is the best definition for a natural disaster?
A) An extreme event triggered by human activities,which poses a potential threat to human life or property.
B) An extreme natural event that occurs in a remote unpopulated area.
C) An event that kills a significant number of people or results in large economic losses,triggered by a natural event.
D) An event that could be triggered by natural processes,which poses a potential threat to human life or property.
E) An extreme event triggered by human activities that occurs in a remote unpopulated area.
Answer: C
Q2) Based on data for 2013,the continent of _______________ experienced the greatest loss of life from natural disasters.
A) North America
B) South America
C) Europe
D) Africa
E) Asia
Answer: E
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Chapter 2: Earths Internal Energy and Plate Tectonics
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which of the following are incorrectly matched?
A) Transform plate boundary-Shear
B) Convergent zone-Compression
C) Divergent zone-Tension
D) Hot spot-Shear
E) Continental rift zone-Tension
Answer: D
Q2) The two main constituents of the Sun are the lightweight elements hydrogen (H)and helium (He).
A)True
B)False
Answer: True
Q3) The grandest continental convergent zone in the modern world is the ongoing collision of _______________.
A) the Africa plate by the Arabia plate
B) the Somalia plate by the Africa plate
C) the Asia plate by the India plate
D) the North American plate by the Pacific plate
E) the Africa plate by the South American plate
Answer: C
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Chapter 3: Earthquake Geology, Seismology, and Engineering
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Sample Questions
Q1) If the magnitude of an earthquake increased from 4 to 8 on the Richter scale the associated amount of energy released from a 4 to 8 magnitude increase would be
A) 2.8 million times more
B) 2,050 times more
C) 200 times more
D) 40 times more
E) 4 times more
Answer: A
Q2) Usually,the biggest concern in designing buildings to withstand large earthquakes is the ____________ components of movement.
A) upward push from the vertical
B) downward pull from the vertical
C) sideways push from the horizontal
Answer: C
Q3) The S-waves can travel through liquids,solids,and gases.
A)True
B)False
Answer: False
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Chapter 4: When the Earth Shakes in Canada
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Sample Questions
Q1) The time and date of the last megathrust earthquake on the Cascadia Subduction Zone has been deduced from _______________.
A) dating of coastal trees killed by seawater after sudden subsidence
B) Japanese tsunami records
C) seismograph recordings
D) all of these are correct
E) dating of coastal trees killed by seawater after sudden subsidence and Japanese tsunami records
Q2) Marie de L'Incarnation (1599-1672)wrote a vivid account of the Charlevoix earthquake (1663),describing that:
A) the fault zone dropped 3 metres and the St.Lawrence River became 20 metres wider
B) the St.Lawrence River changed and assumed the colour of sulphur
C) this was a sign that God did not punish humankind,but merely issued a warning
D) it was quite strange that bells of churches didn't peal alone
E) the St.Lawrence River changed and assumed the colour of sulphur and this was a sign that God did not punish humankind,but merely issued a warning
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6
Chapter 5: Volcanic Eruptions and Landforms
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which of the following best describes the common pattern of a major eruption sequence?
A) An Hawwian precursor,a Plinian main event and a magma plug conclusion.
B) A Vulcanian precursor,a Plinian main event and a lava dome conclusion.
C) A Plinian precursor,a Strombolian main event and a lava dome conclusion.
D) An Ultra-Plinian precursor,a Strombolian main event and a magma plug conclusion.
Q2) When magma cools so quickly that crystallization cannot take place it produces
A) aa lava
B) granite
C) metamorphic rock
D) obsidian
E) pahoehoe
Q3) If the magma reaches the surface,it forms volcanic rocks,named for Vulcan,the Roman god of fire.
A)True
B)False
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Chapter 6: Volcano Case Histories : Killer Events
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Sample Questions
Q1) Volcano Mountain,Ruby Mountain,Tsaex Cone,Lava Fork,Hoodoo and Iskul (Northern British Columbia and Yukon)are all associated with:
A) subduction zones similar to Cascade Range
B) continental hot spot zones
C) oceanic hot spot zones
D) continental rifts
E) oceanic ridges
Q2) The Tseax Cone is a very young volcano and it never caused any problems to people.
A)True
B)False
Q3) Large,explosive Plinian eruptions can blast gas and ash up to the stratosphere where they completely disappear into space.
A)True
B)False
Q4) There are no hot spots under Canada.
A)True
B)False
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Chapter 7: Tsunamis
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which of the following best describes what happens to tsunami waves as they move from the open ocean and towards the shallow water near the shore of the coastline?
A) The waves decrease in amplitude and their velocity remains constant.
B) The waves increase in amplitude and decrease in velocity.
C) The waves maintain a constant amplitude and velocity.
D) The waves increase in amplitude and increase in velocity.
Q2) Tsunami generated from a megathrust earthquake on the Cascadia Subduction Zone could devastate the cities of Vancouver and Victoria.
A)True
B)False
Q3) Tsunamis typically have _________________________ relative to wind-blown waves.
A) short periods and short wavelengths
B) short periods and long wavelengths
C) long periods and short wavelengths
D) long periods and long wavelengths
E) long periods and no measurable wavelength
Q4) Canadian coasts have never been hit by tsunami waves.
A)True
B)False
Page 9
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Chapter 8: The Ever Changing Climate
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Sample Questions
Q1) Increasing the albedo makes the cold polar climate warmer.
A)True
B)False
Q2) Which of the following greenhouse gases has the highest global warming potential compared to CO<sub>2</sub>?
A) Methane (CH<sub>4</sub>)
B) Chlorofluorocarbons (CFC's)
C) Nitrous Oxide (N<sub>2</sub>O)
D) Ozone (O<sub>3</sub>)
Q3) Weather and climate processes and disasters are fuelled by _________.
A) nuclear fusion
B) solar energy
C) radioactive decay
D) magnetization
Q4) The greenhouse effect results in __________________.
A) global cooling
B) global warming
C) lots of flowers
D) the growth of green algae on the shady side of houses worldwide
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Chapter 9: Severe Weather
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Sample Questions
Q1) Adiabatic effects include expansion cooling or compression warming of air masses.
A)True
B)False
Q2) In the northern hemisphere,surface blow counter-clockwise when they are pulled into a low-pressure zone called ________.
A) a cyclone
B) an anti-cyclone
C) a Ferrel cell
D) a Polar cell
Q3) When cool air from aloft sinks into altitudes of greater pressure the air _________ and _________ adiabatically.
A) compresses;warms
B) expands;warms
C) compresses;cools
D) expands;cools
Q4) Thunderstorms require that warm,moist air be elevated.
A)True
B)False
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11
Chapter 10: Hurricanes
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Sample Questions
Q1) Most hurricanes form over the equator because the seawater is warmest and the Coriolis effect decreases with distance from the equator.
A)True
B)False
Q2) Most of the fatalities and damage caused by Hurricane Hazel in Southern Ontario in 1954 were due to ________________.
A) flooding
B) freezing rain
C) hail
D) high winds
E) lightning
Q3) The 2005 Atlantic hurricane season set multiple records,including all but which of the following?
A) Greatest number of named storms in one season
B) Greatest number of hurricanes in one season
C) Greatest number of hurricanes reaching category 5
D) Greatest number of deaths in one season
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Page 12
Chapter 11: Floods
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Sample Questions
Q1) What do you call the process by which flooding rivers abruptly change course,often to re-occupy abandoned channels?
A) Avulsion
B) Bank erosion
C) Channelization
D) Outburst
E) Redirection
Q2) All of the following are correct about flood plains except:
A) they are built by erosion and deposition.
B) they offer a nurturing environment.
C) they have thick sediment cover and sheltered surroundings.
D) humans who decide to build on a flood plain are gamblers.
E) they are naturally protected from future flooding by a natural ridge of sediment,a natural levee.
Q3) The catastrophic failure of natural dams triggers outburst floods.
A)True
B)False
Q4) Floods in Canada cause few deaths but extensive damage.
A)True
B)False
Page 13
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Chapter 12: Fire
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Sample Questions
Q1) In Mediterranean climates such as California and Australia,the wet winters are too cold and the warm summers too dry ___________.
A) for rotting dead biomass,so wildfire must be less frequent
B) for rotting dead biomass,so wildfire must be more frequent
C) thus the health of plant communities depends on wildfires
D)so wildfires are very rare.
Q2) Pyrolysis results in release of all but which of the following?
A) Flammable hydrocarbon vapours
B) Tar
C) Water vapour
D) Oxygen
Q3) Firefighters spray water on a fire to _________________.
A) drown it by cutting off the oxygen supply
B) disrupt the chemical balance of carbon,hydrogen and oxygen needed combustion
C) coat the unburned vegetation and block oxygen from contacting it
D) reduce heat
Q4) The three critical components of the fire triangle are ignition,fuel and oxygen.
A)True
B)False
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Chapter 13: Mass Movements and Snow Avalanches
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Sample Questions
Q1) A victim engulfed in an avalanche is more likely to be found buried in the steepest slopes,closest to the starting zone than anywhere else along the path.
A)True
B)False
Q2) The main types of mass movement are downward,as in falling or subsiding,or downward and outward,as in sliding and flowing.
A)True
B)False
Q3) In __________________,masses move down and out by sliding on planes of weakness,such as faults,bedding,or clay rich layers.
A) rockfalls
B) debris flows
C) rotational slides
D) translational slides
E) struzstroms
Q4) Ground surfaces do not sit still;they move up and down.
A)True
B)False
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Page 15
Chapter 14: Hazards From Space
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Sample Questions
Q1) A solar wind can be deflected by Earth's magnetic field.
A)True
B)False
Q2) The relative numbers of incoming space debris are not related to their size.
A)True
B)False
Q3) The major types of meteorites are either iron-rich or stony.
A)True
B)False
Q4) Space debris that collides with the Earth comes primarily from fragmented asteroids and secondarily from comets.
A)True
B)False
Q5) Halley's comet contains carbon (C),hydrogen (H),oxygen (O),and nitrogen (N)in ratios similar to that in the human body.
A)True
B)False
Q6) Asteroids are distinguished from meteorites by their composition.
A)True
B)False
Page 16
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