National Security Policy Practice Exam
Course Introduction
National Security Policy explores the principles, practices, and institutions involved in the formulation and implementation of policies designed to safeguard a nations interests. This course examines the strategic, political, economic, and military dimensions of national security, analyzing key concepts such as threat assessment, deterrence, intelligence, homeland defense, and crisis management. Students will assess the roles of governmental agencies and the impact of both internal and external actors on policy development. Through case studies and contemporary examples, the course evaluates challenges posed by terrorism, cyber threats, weapons proliferation, and emerging global dynamics, preparing students to understand the complexities of modern national security decision-making.
Recommended Textbook
Understanding Terrorism Challenges Perspectives and Issues 6th Edition by Gus Martin
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Chapter 1: Terrorism: First Impressions
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Sample Questions
Q1) The Reign of Terror ______.
A) occurred during unrest in 19th-century Europe
B) was the result of oppression by the Romans
C) is a good example of state terrorism carried out to further the goals of a revolutionary ideology
D) none of these
Answer: C
Q2) Theodore "Ted" Kaczynski was a member of the neo-Nazi movement in the United States.
A)True
B)False
Answer: False
Q3) Modern terrorists have ushered in a period of "globalized" terrorism, using which of the following?
A) extensive contact with public relations firms
B) advanced communications technologies such as the Internet and cable news outlets
C) establishing diplomatic relations with sympathetic governments
D) all of these
Answer: B
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Page 3
Chapter 2: The Nature of the Beast: Defining Terrorism
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Q1) Among participants in a terrorist environment, which of the following creates perspectives, interprets incidents, and labels the other participants?
A) the onlooker
B) the analyst
C) the supporter
D) none of these
Answer: B
Q2) Which of the following statements regarding extremism is most accurate?
A) Extremists always live on the margins of society.
B) Some extremists have justifiable grievances against their adversaries.
C) "One person's extremist is another person's neighbor."
D) Extremists clearly understand oppression.
Answer: B
Q3) Freedom fighters are always the "good guys" in a cause.
A)True
B)False
Answer: False
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Chapter 3: Beginnings: the Causes of Terrorism
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Q1) Structural theory is used to describe terrorist tendencies within which explanatory discipline?
A) sociological explanations of terrorism
B) criminological explanations of terrorism
C) psychological explanations of terrorism
D) physiological explanations of terrorism
Answer: A
Q2) Women rarely participate in terrorist movements.
A)True
B)False
Answer: False
Q3) The events of Bloody Sunday led to which outcome?
A) The "Troubles" in Northern Ireland began in earnest.
B) The Palestinian resistance effort became an international challenge.
C) The uprising in Algeria was suppressed.
D) The Tamil Tigers in Sri Lanka began their insurgency.
Answer: A
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Page 5
Chapter 4: Terror From Above: Terrorism by the State
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Q1) Compare and contrast the Anfal Campaign in Iraq and the behavior of the Khmer Rouge in Cambodia. Discuss the selection of their victims and reasons, including why these victims were targeted. Discuss lessons from these cases on how and why state-sponsored genocide occurs.
Q2) In your opinion, are authoritarian regimes more likely to engage in domestic and international terrorism than are democratic regimes? If so, why? If not, why not? Explain your answer.
Q3) Were death squads in Latin America an outgrowth of global ideological conflict? Explain your answer.
Q4) Why do some governments engage in domestic terrorism as a matter of policy? Discuss domestic social and political environments that give rise to domestic state terrorism. Is government-sponsored domestic political violence ever justifiable?
Q5) Is "social cleansing" inherently a terrorist policy? Explain your answer.
Q6) The Khmer Rouge targeted which group of people?
A) Cambodian ideological undesirables and perceived enemies
B) Basque separatists in Spain
C) Kurdish residents in Iraq
D) Christians and religious minorities in Sudan
Q7) In your opinion, why do democracies sometimes use authoritarian methods?
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Chapter 5: Terror From Below: Terrorism by Dissidents
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Q1) The PLO was ultimately defeated by Israel.
A)True
B)False
Q2) Which of the following statements most accurately describes the new dissident terrorist morality?
A) Dissident terrorists engage in "surgical" attacks in order to maximize civilian casualties and damage.
B) Dissident terrorists conscientiously attempt to avoid negative publicity.
C) Dissident terrorists deliberately attempt to maximize civilian casualties and damage.
D) Both "dissident terrorists engage in "surgical" attacks in order to civilian casualties and damage" and "dissident terrorists conscientiously attempt to avoid negative publicity."
Q3) Briefly discuss the terrorist environment created by Uruguay's Tupamaros.
Q4) Using the case of Chechen violence against Russian interests, critique the new dissident terrorist morality. Are the Chechens fighting on behalf of a just cause? Is their warfighting methodology morally understandable under the circumstances? Explain your answer.
Q5) Discuss why the new terrorist morality occurred.
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Page 7
Chapter 6: Violence in the Name of the Faith: Religious Terrorism
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Q1) Kach is an example of a Jewish extremist movement. A)True
B)False
Q2) In your opinion, why will cult-like movements such as the Lord's Resistance Army and Aum Shinriky continue to appear from time to time?
Q3) Radical Christian and Muslim extremists are arguably similar in that they are "exclusivist" in their beliefs. Which of the following best summarizes this tendency?
A) They believe that their faith tradition is the "one True faith."
B) They believe that their faith tradition is compatible with other faith traditions.
C) They believe that their faith tradition may have flaws, but it is basically a good tradition.
D) None of these.
Q4) In the modern era, radical Islamists have become the predominant perpetrators of religious terrorism. Why has this occurred? Explain the motives of modern radical Islamist violence.
Q5) Explain the nature of state-sponsored religious terrorism. Discuss why it arises and whether it is likely to continue in the near future.
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Chapter 7: Violent Ideologies: Terrorism From the Left and Right
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Q1) The New Terrorism is clearly explained by the classical ideological continuum. A)True
B)False
Q2) Right-wing terrorist movements have been common and long-lasting.
A)True
B)False
Q3) Which of the following statements best describes the content of Carlos Marighella's Mini-Manual?
A) His Mini-Manual was a book on how to survive in a capitalist society.
B) The content of his Mini-Manual included advice and instructions on how to build a revolutionary political party.
C) Marighella's Mini-Manual was a framework for waging violent insurrection in urban areas.
D) None of these.
Q4) Describe the ideology of the extreme left wing. What are the sources of their ideology? What is their terrorist activity like? How would you describe their international presence?
Q5) Why have reactionary rightist groups been relatively less prolific and less viable in comparison to radical leftist groups?
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Chapter 8: Terrorist Spillovers: International Terrorism
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Q1) International terrorist networks tend to be hierarchical and well-defined.
A)True
B)False
Q2) In your opinion, what is the future of international terrorism?
Q3) Which of the following propositions best summarizes the attributes of strong multipolar terrorist environments?
A) Revolutionary movements are independent of government constraints.
B) Several governments support their favored groups.
C) Several governments support their favored groups, but many of these groups are relatively independent.
D) A single state sponsor supports international terrorism.
Q4) Briefly critique the proposition that international terrorism is a highly efficient operational option.
Q5) Using the Afghan Arabs as an example, what is a potentially ongoing threat scenario from the current war on terrorism?
Q6) How has "revolutionary solidarity" been a factor in the incidence of international terrorism? Explain how modern political and religious ideologies have affected international terrorism.
Q7) Briefly explain the tactical reasons for international terrorism.
Page 10
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Chapter 9: Emerging Terrorist Environments:
Gender-Selective Political Violence and Criminal Dissident
Terrorism
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Q1) At what point does classic criminal activity become terrorism? Describe this transition.
Q2) The mutaween are religious police in Saudi Arabia.
A)True
B)False
Q3) Cultural repression of women is common.
A)True
B)False
Q4) Describe the political environment caused by the conflict among Mexican drug traffickers.
Q5) Is it fair to discuss gender-related cultural practices within the contexts of repression and political violence against women?
Q6) Which of the following propositions most accurately describes narco-terrorism?
A) Narco-terrorism occurs when governments leave criminal enterprises alone.
B) Narco-terrorism is usually the product of drug-induced violence.
Page 11
C) Criminal enterprises routinely engage in narco-terrorism.
D) Narco-terrorism occurs when governments actively try to suppress drug trafficking enterprises.
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Chapter 10: Tools of the Trade: Tactics and Targets of Terrorists
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Q1) Conventional weapons include which of the following?
A) submachine guns
B) mustard gas
C) radiological weapons
D) biological agents
Q2) Why do terrorists seek to provoke their adversaries into overreacting, especially when such adversaries are often vastly more powerful than themselves? Discuss the logic of this objective from the perspective of violent extremists.
Q3) The gun and the bomb are traditional terrorist weapons that still predominate in the arsenals of violent extremists. How have these weapons been wielded in the era of the New Terrorism? Explain how the threat from these traditional weapons has evolved in the modern era.
Q4) Discuss the effectiveness of terrorism within the contexts of the King David Hotel bombing and the bombing of the Marine and French paratrooper barracks in Beirut. Compare and contrast these incidents. What lessons can be learned from the perspective of terrorists? What lessons can be learned from the perspective of their targeted interests?
Q5) Discuss the threat from asymmetrical warfare.
Q6) What is the threat from cyberterrorism? How can nations defend themselves?
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Chapter 11: The Information Battleground: Terrorist Violence
and the Role of the Media
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Q1) In the United States, which of the following ethical standards are recommended when reporting terrorist incidents?
A) avoid unchallenged terrorist propaganda
B) never try to solve a situation
C) do not serve as a spokesman/accomplice of the terrorists
D) all of these
Q2) The "news triage" refers to ______.
A) the triangle effect in reporting the news
B) the three-pronged attempt to promote truth, information, and substance
C) the decision by media outlets on which events to report, and how to report selected events
D) both "the triangle effect in reporting the news" and "the three-pronged attempt to promote truth, information, and substance"
Q3) Propaganda refers to which of the following?
A) spreading lies about an opponent
B) strong media gatekeeping
C) applying the contagion effect
D) "spinning" information for political benefit
Q4) Discuss Hezbollah's expertise in manipulating the international media.
Page 14
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Chapter 12: The American Case: Terrorism in the United States
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Q1) Discuss how lynching represented communal terrorism in the United States.
Q2) The Weather Underground Organization was formed ______.
A) to counteract the violence of left-wing terrorist organizations
B) when members of the Weatherman group went "underground" to engage in revolutionary violence
C) as an umbrella political party for the radical left
D) none of these
Q3) Briefly discuss the pattern and attributes of neo-Nazi terrorism.
Q4) The Ku Klux Klan has passed through five eras of development.
A)True
B)False
Q5) In your opinion, why has the extremist right in the United States never formed a viable terrorist underground despite pronouncements from some adherents that they are prepared to do so? Explain your answer and give examples.
Q6) Assata Shakur and William Morales were leaders of which organizations?
A) Black Liberation Army and FALN
B) Weathermen and Weather Underground Organization
C) Symbionese Liberation Army and New World Liberation Front
D) May 19 Communist Organization and United Freedom Front
Q7) How pronounced has the "spillover effect" been in the United States? Page 15
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Page 16
Chapter 13: Counterterrorism: the Options
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Q1) The use of biometric technologies allows federal agencies to store data such as which of the following?
A) iris scans
B) speech verification
C) vascular recognition
D) all of these
Q2) What is the role of intelligence agencies? How is intelligence collected?
Q3) The Entebbe and Mogadishu operations are good examples of what kind of counterterrorist methodology? What is a basic risk with this option?
Q4) "Enhanced security" includes which of the following?
A) security barriers
B) target hardening
C) computer firewalls
D) all of these
Q5) The "fronts" in the modern war on terrorism include which of the following?
A) counterterrorist financial operations
B) covert shadow wars
C) global surveillance of communications technologies
D) all of these
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Chapter 14: A New Era: Homeland Security
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Q1) Are repressive domestic laws an acceptable counterterrorist option? Explain your answer.
Q2) During the first Red Scare in 1919, the perceived threat emanated from which of the following?
A) anarchist and communist terrorism and subversion
B) fascist and Nazi terrorism and subversion
C) both "anarchist and communist terrorism and subversion" and "fascist and Nazi terrorism and subversion"
D) neither "anarchist and communist terrorism and subversion" nor "fascist and Nazi terrorism and subversion"
Q3) Cooperation has always been evident between agencies responsible for domestic and foreign intelligence in the United States.
A)True
B)False
Q4) The threat from homegrown jihadists is limited to Europe.
A)True
B)False
Q5) How prevalent should surveillance technology be? Why?
Q6) Is the USA Patriot Act a necessary law? Explain your answer.
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Chapter 15: What Next the Future of Terrorism
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Q1) How prevalent should surveillance technology be? Why?
Q2) Which of the following trends could serve as counterpoints to the continuation of dissident political violence in the near future?
A) There is no single binding or common ideological foundation for political violence.
B) International counterterrorist cooperation has thwarted numerous terrorist conspiracies.
C) Terrorists are likely to become fatigued and abandon their activities.
D) Both "there is no single binding or common ideological foundation for political violence" and "international counterterrorist cooperation has thwarted numerous terrorist conspiracies."
Q3) Terrorists have proven to adapt to counterterrorist measures in creative ways.
A)True
B)False
Q4) Regional conflicts are not expected to produce many incidents of communal terrorism in the near future.
A)True
B)False
Q5) How will the New Terrorism evolve in the near future?
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