Music Appreciation Question
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Course Introduction
Music Appreciation is an introductory course designed to enhance students' understanding and enjoyment of music from a variety of historical periods, cultural backgrounds, and genres. Through listening, analysis, and discussion, students will learn about fundamental musical concepts such as rhythm, melody, harmony, and form, as well as develop critical listening skills. The course explores the roles of composers, performers, and audiences, and examines the social and cultural contexts that have shaped the evolution of music throughout history. No prior musical experience is required, making this course suitable for all students seeking to broaden their cultural literacy and deepen their appreciation of the art of music.
Recommended Textbook
Listen 8th Edition by Vivian Kerman
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25 Chapters
1803 Verified Questions
1803 Flashcards
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Chapter 1: Rhythm, Meter, and Tempo
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Sample Questions
Q1) Describe the effect of accents on a series of beats.Draw an accent mark above two or three words in your answer that you wish to emphasize.
Answer: Accents on a series of beats can add emphasis and intensity to the rhythm. They can help to create a sense of dynamics and highlight certain words or notes. For example, in a musical piece, adding an accent mark above the words "strong" and "powerful" can emphasize the strength and intensity of those beats, creating a more impactful and dynamic sound. Similarly, in spoken language, accent marks above words like "important" and "urgent" can help to convey a sense of urgency and significance in the delivery of the message.
Q2) Music can be defined as the art of:
A) arranging sound vibrations into high and low pitches.
B) sound in time.
C) melody and rhythm.
D) tone color and duration.
Answer: B
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3
Chapter 2: Pitch,Dynamics,and Tone Color
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Q1) The bassoon has a comparable range to which of the following instruments?
A) viola
B) oboe
C) cello
D) French horn
Answer: C
Q2) The musical term for the level of sound is:
A) pitch.
B) amplitude.
C) duration.
D) dynamics.
Answer: D
Q3) What is the musical term for "suddenly"?
A) mezzo
B) subito
C) forte
D) molto
Answer: B
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Page 4
Chapter 3: Scales and Melody
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Q1) Explain the diatonic scale.What makes it different from the chromatic scale?
Answer: The diatonic scale is a seven-note musical scale that is made up of whole and half steps in a specific pattern. This pattern consists of a sequence of whole steps and half steps, which gives the scale its unique sound and character. The diatonic scale is the foundation of Western music and is used in a wide variety of musical genres.
The main difference between the diatonic scale and the chromatic scale is the arrangement of whole and half steps. The diatonic scale follows a specific pattern of whole and half steps, while the chromatic scale consists of all twelve pitches within an octave, each separated by a half step. This means that the diatonic scale has a more limited range of notes and a distinct tonal quality, while the chromatic scale includes all possible pitches and has a more dissonant sound.
In summary, the diatonic scale is a specific arrangement of whole and half steps that creates a unique musical scale, while the chromatic scale includes all twelve pitches within an octave and has a more dissonant sound.
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Chapter 4: Harmony, Texture, Tonality, and Mode
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Sample Questions
Q1) Counterpoint is closely related to: A) monophony.
B) cadence.
C) polyphony.
D) tonality.
Q2) The effect of chords used with a melody is called: A) harmony. B) texture. C) mode.
D) rhythm.
Q3) The texture that combines two or more individual melody lines simultaneously is: A) monophony.
B) consonant.
C) homophony.
D) polyphony.
Q4) Define and contrast imitative polyphony and non-imitative polyphony.Name a type of music for each.
Q5) Define the term key.Relate key to the chromatic scale.
Q6) Define the terms tonality,tonal,and tonic.How are they related to one another?
Q7) Define harmony and give some examples of how music can be harmonized.
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Chapter 5: Musical Form and Musical Style
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Q1) Name,define,and discuss the two factors that determine musical form.
Q2) Fugue,ritornello,and rondo are examples of:
A) genres.
B) forms.
C) styles.
D) tunes.
Q3) Contrast the notions of form and a form.
Q4) Which diagram shows the greatest amount of musical contrast?
A) A B C
B) A B A
C) A A¢ A¢¢ A¢¢¢
D) A B A B
Q5) What is the function of musical form? What is the value of repetition and contrast? Can you think of types of music that have no sections of contrast?
Q6) Discuss the ways in which sections of a musical work can be related to each other and how these relations are diagrammed in musical form.Draw an example to support your answer.
Q7) Describe and explain the two levels of musical style that can exist within one style period.
Page 7
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Chapter 6: The Middle Ages
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Sample Questions
Q1) Define estampie.Discuss the character,purpose,and structure of the estampie in your answer.
Q2) The type of music most likely to be written down in the Middle Ages was:
A) music of the troubadours and trouvères.
B) the standard repertory of the concert hall.
C) religious music.
D) music for weddings, parties, and other festivities involving the middle class.
Q3) Name the three types of court poet-composers and performers of the twelfth and thirteenth centuries.List the geographic location of each.
Q4) Routine texts of church services typically used:
A) simple recitation on a single pitch.
B) intricate melodies.
C) polyphonic texture.
D) lots of variation.
Q5) How does Hawai'ian chant compare to Gregorian chant and Qur'anic recitation?
Q6) Describe the setting for a performance of "In paradisum" in the Middle Ages.
Q7) Who was Guillaume de Machaut? Describe his chanson "Dame,de qui toute ma joie vient."
Q8) Briefly define the term vocables.
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Chapter 7: The Renaissance
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Sample Questions
Q1) The text of the Kyrie section of the Pange lingua Mass is:
A) "Kyrie eleison, Christe eleison, Kyrie eleison."
B) "Kyrie, Eleison, Christe."
C) "Gloria patri, qui tollis peccata mundi."
D) "Pange lingua, Kyrie eleison, Christe eleison."
Q2) What form does "Kemp's Jig" illustrate? Explain how the dance unfolds.
Q3) Describe the change in the use of imitation from the beginning to the end of the fifteenth century.
Q4) "Daphne" is a:
A) pavan.
B) galliard.
C) jig.
D) stylized dance.
Q5) Briefly contrast the way medieval composers used plainchant melodies with the way Renaissance composers used them.In your answer,state which aspect of the chant was valued by whom and the location of the chant in the music.
Q6) Define motet as it was known to sixteenth-century composers.
Q7) Define chanson.Is a chanson sacred or secular?
Q8) Briefly contrast medieval thought with the new ideas of the Renaissance.
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Chapter 8: The Early Baroque Period
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Sample Questions
Q1) Explain how seventeenth-century Venetian composers expanded on the echoing semichoir technique of sixteenth-century composers.
Q2) The operatic equivalent of dramatic dialogue is a(n):
A) aria.
B) theme.
C) recitative.
D) arioso.
Q3) What feature of harmony disappeared during the Baroque period?
A) major/minor system
B) functional harmony
C) strong sense of tonality
D) use of church modes
Q4) Pygmy polyphony involves which technique common to many kinds of African music?
A) the monophonic statement of a theme
B) interlocking ostinatos
C) polyphonic accompaniment by brass instruments
D) the interjection of virtuosic drumming
Q5) Briefly describe how this composition unfolds,particularly the appearance and presence of the ostinato.
Q6) Define,compare,and contrast basso continuo and ground bass.
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Chapter 9: Prelude: The Late Baroque Period
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Q1) In the early eighteenth century,court musicians had a better sense of new musical trends than church musicians because:
A) they were required to travel with their employers.
B) they studied composition with their employers.
C) they periodically took time to refine their skills.
D) they studied past compositional techniques.
Q2) Baroque music is often very adaptable and changeable with regard to which musical element?
A) rhythm
B) texture
C) harmony
D) tone color
Q3) The numerical shorthand below the basso continuo notes indicating the content of the chords to be played is called:
A) ground bass.
B) figured bass.
C) ground figures.
D) concerto grosso.
Q4) How did composers approach form in the late Baroque era?
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Chapter 10: Baroque Instrumental Music
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Q1) The meter of the first movement of Bach's Brandenburg Concerto No.5 is:
A) duple.
B) triple.
C) compound duple.
D) compound triple.
Q2) Ritornello form is based on:
A) constant variation of a ground bass.
B) the periodic return of a central musical theme by the orchestra.
C) the alternation of various dance movements.
D) persistent imitation of a single subject.
Q3) How many Brandenburg Concertos did Bach write?
A) eight
B) seven
C) six
D) five
Q4) Describe the character and tempo of the movements of a typical concerto.
Q5) Discuss the work of Antonio Vivaldi in terms of what types of pieces are his most famous,for whom his pieces were written,how they are organized,and for what genres and instruments he composed.
Page 12
Q6) Briefly describe two ways in which a fugue subject may be manipulated.
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Chapter 11: Baroque Vocal Music
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Q1) What characteristic does each of the sung portions of "Christ lag in Todesbanden" share?
A) a gapped chorale tune
B) homophonic texture
C) monophonic texture
D) the ending word, "Hallelujah"
Q2) The performing forces in the Hallelujah Chorus consist of:
A) chorus and continuo.
B) chorus, festive Baroque orchestra, and female soloist.
C) chorus, continuo, and trumpet.
D) chorus and festive Baroque orchestra.
Q3) The technique of declaiming words musically in a heightened,theatrical manner is called:
A) word painting.
B) vocabulary of the emotions.
C) recitative.
D) aria.
Q4) Describe the varied role of the chorus in Messiah.
Q5) Describe the role and impotance of the choir in sacred Baroque music.
Q6) Describe the source and story of Messiah.
Page 13
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Chapter 12: Prelude: Music and the Enlightenment
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Q1) What is the predominant texture of music in the Classical style? How did it serve the expressive ideal of the Classical era?
Q2) Which eighteenth-century composer is comparable to Jane Austen in his exploration of social forces and the individual? What is the title of the opera mentioned in this regard,and why is this work significant?
Q3) The eighteenth-century public concert included principally:
A) symphonies and concertos.
B) opera arias and recitatives.
C) chamber music.
D) piano sonatas.
Q4) Music during the Enlightenment was meant to:
A) impress and instruct.
B) glorify God.
C) please and entertain.
D) enlighten the world with rational, intellectual polyphony.
Q5) What instrument became a favorite in the Classical period? Why?
Q6) Briefly describe the significance of the Enlightenment as an intellectual movement.What were some of its sources,and what problems did it attempt to address?
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Chapter 13: The Symphony
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Sample Questions
Q1) Characterize Haydn's symphonies with respect to purpose,mood,and melodies.
Q2) Traditionally,the ________,a three-movement genre,does not include a minuet.
A) Classical concerto
B) Classical symphony
C) Classical sonata
D) string quartet
Q3) Which depicts the form of a Classical minuet?
A) |: a:||: b a¢:| |: c:||: d c¢:| a b a¢
B) |: a:||: b:| |: c:||: d:|
C) a a¢ b b¢ a a¢
D) a a¢ b b¢ ||: c:||
Q4) Briefly describe what happens to thematic material in the development section in sonata form.
Q5) Compare and contrast Baroque minuets and Classical minuets.
Q6) This symphony is nicknamed "The Surprise" because of:
A) the way Haydn slightly alters each repetition of the phrases of the theme.
B) the fortissimo chord at the end of the second a phrase.
C) Haydn's way of writing variations within variations.
D) its use of theme and variations form.
Q7) Why is the name of Ludwig von Köchel connected to the music of Mozart?
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Chapter 14: Other Classical Genres
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Sample Questions
Q1) For Piano Concerto No.23 in A,the composer uses a reduced orchestra,omitting:
A) oboes, trumpets, and timpani.
B) cellos.
C) clarinets.
D) violas.
Q2) How does the sound of the gamelan orchestra differ from the sound of a European orchestra?
Q3) At the end of the introduction in Bopong,a ________ sounds.
A) xylophone
B) high-pitched flute
C) large gong
D) set of drums
Q4) Draw a diagram of double-exposition form.
Q5) In the final section of the first movement of a Classical concerto,the soloist improvises a solo passage called a:
A) coda.
B) ritornello.
C) cadenza.
D) recapitulation.
Q6) Discuss the establishment of the court orchestra in Japan and its influences.
Page 16
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Chapter 15: Beethoven
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Q1) With which genre is Beethoven generally associated? Which work typifies the genre as a whole?
Q2) Music scholars divide Beethoven's music into ________ distinct style periods.
A) two
B) three
C) four
D) five
Q3) What political figure inspired Beethoven in composing the Eroica Symphony?
A) Emperor Franz Joseph II
B) Napoleon Bonaparte
C) King George of England
D) Thomas Jefferson
Q4) The surprise in the fourth movement of Symphony No.5 in C Minor is:
A) the march theme at the beginning.
B) the oboe cadenza before the recapitulation.
C) the piano introduction of the development.
D) the appearance of the second theme of the scherzo movement before the recapitulation.
Q5) Briefly explain the connection between Napoleon and Beethoven's Eroica Symphony.
Page 17
Q6) Define scherzo.Use letters to diagram this form.
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Chapter 16: Prelude: Music after Beethoven: Romanticism
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Sample Questions
Q1) Briefly describe the attitude of Romantic composers toward the use of form.
Q2) Miniatures were generally heard:
A) as separate compositions.
B) as the third movement of a Romantic multimovement work.
C) as part of a sonata.
D) between opera acts or scenes.
Q3) Which musical genres became established on the concert stage by the end of the nineteenth century?
A) operas and organ recitals
B) concertos and symphonies
C) lieder and string quartets
D) cantatas and masses
Q4) Describe the negative aspect of the institutionalization of concerts in the nineteenth century.
Q5) Who was Jean-Jacques Rousseau? Why is he important to the Romantic movement in all the arts? What were his views on music and the expression of feelings?
Q6) Define the term Romantic and give the source of the term.Explain who applied it to this style period.
Q7) Briefly discuss how program music deals with the problem of form.
Page 18
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Chapter 17: The Early Romantics
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Q1) The performing forces in "Erlkönig" consist of:
A) three soloists and piano.
B) two soloists and piano.
C) one soloist, piano, and violin.
D) one soloist and piano.
Q2) How many different characters do you hear in "Erlkönig"?
A) one, plus the narrator
B) two, plus the narrator
C) three, plus the narrator
D) four, plus the narrator
Q3) In the nineteenth century,what instrument was the most likely to beused for the great profusion of Romantic miniature compositions?
A) piano
B) organ
C) violin
D) trumpet
Q4) How was the musical background of Hector Berlioz different from that of most other composers before him?
Q5) Define nocturne.Name a composer who gave this title to some of his works.
Q6) Define song cycle and name one.
Page 19
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Chapter 18: Romantic Opera
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Q1) In the first scene of The Valkyrie,when Siegmund utters the repeated word Misswende,Wagner:
A) highlights the mood in the clarinets.
B) adds dissonant chords in the orchestra.
C) deepens the mood in the brass.
D) imitates the rhythm of the word with the bassoons.
Q2) What did Wagner call his new style of opera in the 1850s?
A) Gesamtkunstwerk
B) bel canto
C) music drama
D) leitmotiv
Q3) Briefly describe Wagner's views on French and Italian opera.
Q4) What announces the return of Hunding in the first scene of The Valkyrie?
A) a baritone voice
B) the low strings
C) the low brasses
D) the timpani
Q5) Name the four parts of The Nibelung's Ring and identify The Valkyrie's place in the cycle.
Page 20
Q6) Discuss the growing role of the orchestra in both German and Italian opera.
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Chapter 19: The Late Romantics
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Q1) At the end of section 3 of the third movement of Symphony No.1:
A) the clarinets evoke a dance band.
B) the oboes play a folk melody.
C) the flutes play two new phrases.
D) the violins erupt in a passionate outburst.
Q2) What characterizes the music of nationalist composers?
A) rebellion against the traditional rules of harmony and form of European Romantic composers
B) following in the path of German Romantic composers in terms of harmony and form C) following in the path of Italian Romantic composers in terms of opera but not orchestral music
D) following in the path of Wagner in terms of chromaticism, but also following French composers of grand opera
Q3) Until the Communist era,female roles in Beijing opera were almost always sung by: A) sopranos.
B) mature, virtuous women.
C) male impersonators.
D) acrobats.
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Chapter 20: Prelude: Music and Modernism
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Q1) All of the following are characteristic of a modernist approach to melody except:
A) brief, emotionless fragments of folk music.
B) the use of long, sweeping, inspired melodies.
C) exaggerated intervals and intense rhythms.
D) the suggestion of melody, but no clear tunes.
Q2) Briefly discuss the impressionist movement in the visual arts.
Q3) Which artistic movement took its inspiration from Wagner's leitmotivs?
A) impressionism
B) symbolism
C) expressionism
D) cubism
Q4) The five-note scale playable on the black keys of the piano is called the ________ scale.
A) pentatonic
B) whole-tone
C) quarter-tone
D) octatonic
Q5) Name and briefly describe three new kinds of scales used by composers after 1900.
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Chapter 21: Early Modernism
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Q1) Wozzeck is a(n):
A) opera.
B) song cycle.
C) symphony.
D) Mass.
Q2) What instrument introduces a "haunting" motive that occurs many times throughout Clouds?
A) flute
B) French horn
C) bassoon
D) English horn
Q3) The rhythms and tempo of "The Game of Abduction" seem to create a mood that is:
A) peaceful and pastoral.
B) religious.
C) intellectual and restrained.
D) violent, surging, and frantic.
Q4) Name and define the compositional technique invented by Schoenberg that served to organize pitches in atonal music.
Q5) Name each of the Three Nocturnes by Debussy and briefly describe the mood of each.
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Chapter 22: Modernism between the Wars
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Q1) The second movement of Music for Strings,Percussion,and Celesta opens with:
A) pizzicato strings.
B) bowed strings.
C) the piano articulating octaves.
D) a triple-meter dance tune.
Q2) The main A theme in the fourth movement of Afro-American Symphony is a(n):
A) ostinato.
B) series of parallel chords.
C) melody of staccato eighth notes.
D) blues-derived hymn theme.
Q3) Briefly discuss the musical contributions and significance of William Grant Still.
Q4) Discuss the influence of Romantic-era music on film music.
Q5) Composers who devoted their careers to film music include:
A) Sergei Eisenstein and Francis Ford Coppola.
B) Nino Rota and John Williams.
C) Igor Stravinsky and Maurice Ravel.
D) Richard Strauss and Giacomo Puccini.
Q6) Name three different facets of Béla Bartók's career.
Q7) Describe the compositional style of Ruth Crawford.
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Chapter 23: The Late Twentieth Century
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Q1) What are the performing forces in Indígena?
A) voice, piano, and percussion
B) strings, woodwinds, brass, piano, and percussion
C) brass, piano, and percussion
D) voice, woodwinds, and percussion
Q2) Briefly explain Ligeti's innovative approach to pitch in Lux aeterna.
Q3) The aria "Batter my heart" evokes the manner of a Baroque da capo aria through its use of:
A) repeating sections marked off by orchestral ritornellos.
B) words taken from a poem.
C) static, almost unchanging harmonies.
D) three quatrains and a final couplet.
Q4) Music in which composers leave certain elements unspecified,allowing them to be determined by the performers or other circumstances,is called:
A) musique concrète.
B) computer music.
C) chance music.
D) minimalist music.
Q5) Define chance music.Describe an example of this style of composition.
Q6) Define multiphonics.
Page 25
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Chapter 24: Music in America: Jazz and Beyond
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Q1) Which is true of African drumming?
A) It is done as a solo.
B) It swings similarly to American jazz.
C) It fulfills a variety of religious and nonreligious functions.
D) It accompanies stage dramas.
Q2) Who was the leading composer of ragtime in the early 1900s?
A) William Billings
B) Stephen Collins Foster
C) Duke Ellington
D) Scott Joplin
Q3) Referencing Solomon Linda's song "Anoku Gonda," describe one of the distinct stylistic elements heard in isicathamiya.
Q4) Each stanza of "If You Ever Been Down" Blues is in what form?
A) a b c
B) a a b
C) a a a
D) a b b
Q5) How did the Puritans' views on music affect the beginning of American music?
Q6) Define improvisation.
Q7) Which instrument did Miles Davis play? What jazz movement did he lead?
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Chapter 25: Musical Notation
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Q1) Which symbol is used to cancel a previous sharp or flat?
A) staccato dot
B) natural sign
C) ledger line
D) clef
Q2) The full musical notation for a piece of music for two or more voices,instruments,or groups of instruments is called a:
A) staff.
B) clef.
C) score.
D) triplet.
Q3) Briefly explain the vertical and horizontal aspects of musical notation with regard to the elements of music.
Q4) Briefly describe a typical orchestral score,explaining which range of instruments is generally found at the top and which is generally found at the bottom.Also give the location of tempo markings,instrument names,clefs,and staff lines.Draw a diagram if it will assist in your answer.
Q5) What is the effect of a dot beside a note or rest?
Q6) What is the function of the tie in musical notation?
Page 27
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