Molecular Genetics in Nursing
Final Test Solutions
Course Introduction
Molecular Genetics in Nursing explores the foundational principles of genetics with a specific focus on their applications in nursing practice. This course examines the structure and function of genes at a molecular level, the mechanisms of genetic inheritance, and the role of genomic variations in health and disease. Students will learn how to interpret genetic information and utilize this knowledge to assess risk, guide patient care, and participate in genetic counseling. Emphasis is placed on ethical considerations, advances in genetic technologies, and the integration of molecular genetics into nursing interventions for patient education, disease prevention, and personalized treatment strategies.
Recommended Textbook
Genetics and Genomics in Nursing and Health Care 1st Edition by Theresa A. Beery
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18 Chapters
307 Verified Questions
307 Flashcards
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Chapter 1: DNA Structure and Function
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22 Verified Questions
22 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) How does the proteome differ from the genome?
A)The proteome changes in response to intracellular and extracellular signals.
B)The genome changes in response to intracellular and extracellular signals.
C)The proteome is stable in somatic cells and unstable in germ cells,whereas the genome is stable in both somatic cells and germ cells.
D)The genome is stable in somatic cells and unstable in germ cells,whereas the proteome is stable in both somatic cells and germ cells.
Answer: A
Q2) What is the term used to describe the organized picture of the paired chromosomes within a cell used to determine whether chromosome numbers,structures,and banding patterns are normal?
A)Pedigree
B)Phenotype
C)Karyotype
D)Autosome
Answer: C
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3
Chapter 2: Protein Synthesis
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Sample Questions
Q1) After a protein is synthesized during translation,what further process or processes is/are needed for it to be fully functional?
A)No further processing beyond the linear arrangement of amino acids is required.
B)Although minimal function can occur in the linear form,the protein is more active when it undergoes mitosis.
C)The protein first twists into a secondary structure and then "folds" into a specific tertiary structure for activation and function.
D)The initial protein produced is a "preprotein" that requires a series of depolarizations by electrical impulses for conversion to an active protein.
Answer: C
Q2) Which feature or characteristic is most critical for protein function or activity?
A)The number of amino acids
B)The sequence of amino acids
C)Deletion of all active exons
D)Transcription occurring after translation
Answer: B
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Chapter 3: Genetic Influences on Cell Growth, cell
Differentiation, and Gametogenesis
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22 Verified Questions
22 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which stage of cell division is present in mitosis but is missing in meiosis?
A)G<sub>1</sub>
B)S
C)G<sub>2</sub>
D)M
Answer: C
Q2) Normal cells spend most of their life spans in which phase?
A)G<sub>0</sub>
B)G<sub>1</sub>
C)S
D)M
Answer: A
Q3) What is the function of a suppressor gene product?
A)To ensure cell division occurs only when it is needed
B)To suppress the loss of differentiated functions with aging
C)To ensure the precise delivery of chromosomes to each new daughter cell
D)To prevent formation of a large nuclear-to-cytoplasmic ratio during the G<sub>0</sub> state
Answer: A
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Chapter 4: Patterns of Inheritance
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which statement regarding inheritance of an autosomal dominant gene allele with known variability in expressivity is true?
A)A person with low expressivity of the trait has higher probability for having a child who does not express the trait at all.
B)A person with high expressivity of the trait has a greater risk for having a child who expresses the trait to an even greater degree.
C)The degree of expressivity of a given autosomal dominant trait with known variability cannot be predicted by analyzing parental expression.
D)The degree of expressivity of a given autosomal dominant trait with known variability is greater when the transmitting parent is the same sex as the child.
Q2) Which type of genetic transmission promotes the continued existence of genetic mutations in single genes?
A)Autosomal dominant
B)Autosomal recessive
C)Codominant
D)Sex-linked
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Chapter 5: Chromosomal and Mitochondrial Inheritance and Disorders
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which reproductive consequence is possible for a man who has a 13;15 Robertsonian translocation when his wife has a normal karyotype?
A)He is unlikely to ever impregnate his wife.
B)Because his wife has normal karyotype,there are no reproductive consequences.
C)He has an increased risk for having a child born with either trisomy 13 or trisomy 15.
D)He has an increased risk for having a child born with either monosomy 13 or monosomy 15.
Q2) What is the most common chromosomal abnormality conceived?
A)Down syndrome
B)Turner syndrome
C)Edward syndrome
D)Klinefelter syndrome
Q3) Which feature of a 15q deletion is present in both Angelman syndrome and Prader-Willi syndrome?
A)Light skin,eye,and hair coloring
B)Continuous smiling and jerky gait
C)Excessive appetite and weight gain
D)Progressive tremors and seizure activity
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Chapter 6: Family History and Pedigree Construction
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which demographic information could have an important influence on susceptibility to disorders that have a strong genetic component?
A)Ethnicity
B)Education
C)Profession
D)Nutrition status
Q2) What is the primary purpose of a pedigree?
A)To identify family members' places within a kindred and describe their medical history
B)To establish which person within a kindred is responsible for introducing a genetic mutation into the family
C)To determine the specific risk of any one family member to develop or pass on a genetic-based health problem
D)To establish which person within a kindred is responsible for bringing the family to the attention of a genetics professional
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Chapter 7: Congenital Anomalies, basic Dysmorphology, and
Genetic Assessment
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16 Verified Questions
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which anomaly constitutes clinodactyly?
A)An extra toe on one foot
B)A laterally curved fifth finger
C)Complete absence of fingers and toes
D)Fusion of two fingers on the right hand
Q2) Which statement regarding cleft lip (CL)with or without cleft palate (CP)is correct?
A)It is the rarest facial anomaly.
B)These features are not found in isolation.
C)The causes are both genetic and environmental.
D)CL without CP is a minor anomaly,and CL with CP is a major anomaly.
Q3) Which types of problems are more likely to be caused by a chromosomal abnormality?
A)Single structural anomalies
B)Deformations
C)Syndromes
D)Dysplasias
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9
Chapter 8: Enzyme and Collagen Disorders
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23 Verified Questions
23 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which substance fails to form normally in individuals with Marfan syndrome?
A)Elastin
B)Glycogen
C)Collagen
D)Fibrillin
Q2) A woman who is a carrier for Fabry disease has children with a man who does not have the disorder.Their son has the disease and their daughter also has some symptoms of Fabry disease even though she could only have inherited one affected allele.What is the explanation for the daughter having some symptoms of Fabry disease?
A)The girl must have a different father than her brother.
B)The daughter is seeking the same attention that is given to her brother.
C)The inactivation of one X chromosome in female cells is a totally random event.
D)In addition to inheriting one affected allele,the daughter has developed a somatic mutation.
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10
Chapter 9: Common Childhood-Onset Genetic Disorders
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27 Verified Questions
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which additional health problem commonly develops in boys with Duchenne muscular dystrophy?
A)Arthritis
B)Hypertension
C)Diabetes mellitus
D)Chronic heart failure
Q2) What health advantage does cystic fibrosis confer on the person who has it?
A)Decreased risk for type 1 diabetes mellitus
B)Decreased risk for tuberculosis
C)Decreased risk for anemia
D)Decreased risk for cholera
Q3) Which tissues are most commonly affected by mutation of the CFTR gene?
A)Eyes and ears
B)Brain and intestines
C)Lungs and pancreas
D)Kidneys and long bones
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11
Chapter 10: Common Adult-Onset Genetic Disorders
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14 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Why is predictive testing for Huntington disease avoided for a 4-year-old child who has one grandparent with the disorder?
A)Unless one of the parents is positive for the gene mutation,a negative finding would be noninformative.
B)The Huntington disease mutation is poorly penetrant and may never be expressed even when inherited.
C)A 4-year-old child cannot understand or participate in the genetic counseling process.
D)There are no effective primary or secondary prevention strategies for this disorder.
Q2) What can be interpreted about type 2 diabetes mellitus in monozygotic twins when it affects only one twin 70% of the time and affects both twins 30% of the time?
A)The trait is recessive.
B)Mutation repair is incompletely penetrant.
C)Nongenetic factors can influence expression.
D)Homologous genes can undergo chromatid exchanges.
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12
Chapter 11: Cardiovascular Disorders
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14 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) What term is used to describe the gene-to-gene interaction in which the action of one gene modifies the expression of a different gene?
A)Epistasis
B)Heterogeneity
C)Genomic imprinting
D)Epigenetic penetrance
Q2) What is the most accurate classification of the common forms of coronary artery disease and hypertension?
A)Secondary disorders caused by lifestyle choices
B)Sequential genetic disorders related to age,ethnicity,and gender
C)Complex disorders resulting from gene-environment interactions
D)Primary disorders with an autosomal dominant pattern of inheritance
Q3) Which variable in a person with coronary artery disease increases the likelihood of a strong genetic influence in its expression?
A)The problem is severe before age 50 years.
B)The disorder is not present in the person's dizygotic twin.
C)The affected person has eaten a vegetarian diet for the past 5 years.
D)The disorder is present in about 5% of the person's maternal older male family members.
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Page 13
Chapter 12: The Genetics of Cancer
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Sample Questions
Q1) A patient states that she has heard that the origin of most cancers is "genetic." What is the best response?
A)"The development of most cancers is predetermined and not affected by environmental factors."
B)"Cancers arise in cells that have alterations in the genes."
C)"Cancer is more common among males than females."
D)"The majority of cancers are inherited."
Q2) Which cancer type is associated with a 9;22 translocation t(9;22)?
A)Acute promyelocytic leukemia
B)Acute lymphocytic leukemia
C)Chronic lymphocytic leukemia
D)Chronic myelogenous leukemia
Q3) What event occurring during the latency period of carcinogenesis is most likely to contribute to cancer development?
A)Cellular apoptosis
B)Error-free DNA repair
C)Exposure to promoters
D)Oncogene inactivation
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14
Chapter 13: Genetic Contributions to Psychiatric and Behavioral Disorders
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12 Verified Questions
12 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) What is meant by the phrase "behavioral genetics"?
A)Identification of the single gene that corresponds to a specific undesired behavior
B)An area of research aimed at controlling behavior by genetic manipulation
C)The study of the behavior of genes in diverse settings
D)The examination of gene variants that influence behaviors
Q2) What is the best description of the genetic contribution to onset of autism?
A)Autism spectrum is caused by a single gene mutation in most,but not all,cases.
B)Exposure to a teratogen can be a cause of autism spectrum in many cases.
C)Known causes of autism spectrum include copy number variants and chromosomal problems.
D)Autism spectrum disorders have a much stronger environmental input than genetic input to expression of the phenotype.
Q3) What is the heritability estimate for schizophrenia in the general population?
A)40%
B)60%
C)80%
D)100%
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Page 15
Chapter 14: Genetic and Genomic Testing
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10 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which type of genetic testing examines a person's chromosomes for variations in number or structure?
A)Cytogenetic testing
B)Pre-implantation testing
C)Predictive testing
D)Electropherogram testing
Q2) Which tissue is most likely to provide an adequate DNA sample for genetic testing?
A)Distal ends of hair shafts
B)Mature red blood cells
C)Nasal epithelial cells
D)A mummy's tooth
Q3) What type of genetic test provides information about an asymptomatic person's risk for having a child with a specific autosomal recessive disorder in the future?
A)Carrier test
B)Diagnostic test
C)Newborn screening
D)Predictive test
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16
Chapter 15: Assessing Genomic Variation in Drug Response
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which condition or factor improves the initial bioavailability of a drug agonist that has extensive first-pass loss as a result of the patient's enhanced liver enzyme activity?
A)Increasing the patient's fluid intake
B)Co-administering the drug with an antagonist
C)Administering the drug by the intravenous route
D)Crushing the oral form of the drug before administration
Q2) A patient with a fractured elbow in the emergency department states that he needs morphine for pain rather than codeine because the last time he had a painful injury,codeine was not effective in managing his pain.What is the nurse's best response or action?
A)Ask the patient how much alcohol he ingests daily.
B)Communicate this information to the admitting physician.
C)Alert the health-care provider that this patient is "drug-seeking."
D)Reassure the patient that he will receive progressively higher dosages of codeine until his pain is controlled.
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17
Chapter 16: Health Professionals and Genomic Care
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Sample Questions
Q1) A woman whose family history for breast cancer includes two paternal aunts who developed breast cancer before age 45.Which genetics professional would be most appropriate for assistance in helping this patient understand the health risk posed by this family history?
A)Medical geneticist
B)Genetic counselor
C)Clinical geneticist
D)Clinical laboratory geneticist
Q2) How do genetic counselors provide genetic/genomic information to patients and families in a nondirective manner?
A)Providing only the information the patient or family specifically requests
B)Skillfully directing the patient and family toward the best choice that is supported by appropriate research
C)Presenting all facts and available options in a manner that neither promotes nor excludes any legally permitted decision or action
D)Filtering management options and focusing on the information that will support the decision they believe is right for the individual patient/family
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18
Chapter
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Sample Questions
Q1) What should be told to the patient who has been found to have a genetic mutation that increases the risk for colon cancer and says he does not want any of his family to know about this result?
A)"It is required by law that you inform your siblings and your children about this result so that they also can be tested and monitored for colon cancer."
B)"It is not necessary to tell your siblings because they are adults,but you should tell your children so they can be tested before they decide to have children of their own."
C)"It is not required that you tell anyone about this result;however,because your siblings and children may also be at risk for colon cancer,you should think about how this information might help them."
D)"It is your decision to determine with whom,if anyone,you share this test result;however,if you do not tell any of your family members and they get colon cancer,you would be responsible for their developing the disease."
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Page 19
Chapter 18: Genetic and Genomic Variation
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Sample Questions
Q1) A group of eight space travelers,four men and four women,settled on the planet Zebulon.Their descendents had a very high rate of the autosomal dominant disorder,Moonophilia distractens.What factor could explain this phenomenon?
A)Equal exposure to an environmental mutagen
B)Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium
C)Variable expressivity
D)Founder effect
Q2) The Black Death was a pandemic spreading across Europe between 1348 and 1350.Estimates state that 30% to 60% of Europe's population died from the Black Death.If we look at Europe's population before the pandemic and compare it to the population several generations later,what are we likely to find?
A)More genetic diversity in later generations
B)Less genetic diversity in later generations
C)Less genetic diversity in earlier generations
D)The same degree of genetic diversity in later as in earlier generations
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