Molecular and Cell Biology
Textbook Exam Questions
Course Introduction
Molecular and Cell Biology explores the fundamental principles and processes that govern the life of cells at the molecular level. This course covers the structure and function of biomolecules, cellular organelles, and membranes, as well as the mechanisms of gene expression, DNA replication, and cell signaling. Students will examine how cells communicate, grow, divide, and respond to their environment, emphasizing experimental approaches and current research in the field. By integrating molecular concepts with cellular physiology, the course provides a foundational understanding essential for advanced studies in biological and medical sciences.
Recommended Textbook
Basic Immunology Functions and Disorders of the Immune System 4th Edition by Abul K. Abbas
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12 Chapters
181 Verified Questions
181 Flashcards
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2
Chapter 1: Introduction to the Immune System
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16 Verified Questions
16 Flashcards
Source URL: https://quizplus.com/quiz/23007
Sample Questions
Q1) During a humoral immune response to a newly encountered bacterial infection, B cells are first stimulated to proliferate and then secrete antibodies specific for the bacterium. The antibodies may then bind to the bacteria and facilitate ingestion of the microbes by phagocytic cells. In what phase of the humoral immune response does the binding of secreted antibodies to bacteria occur?
A)Recognition phase
B)Activation phase
C)Effector phase
D)Homeostatic phase
E)Memory phase
Answer: C
Q2) The two major functional classes of effector T lymphocytes are:
A)Helper T lymphocytes and cytotoxic T lymphocytes
B)Natural killer cells and cytotoxic T lymphocytes
C)Memory T cells and effector T cells
D)Helper cells and antigen-presenting cells
E)Cytotoxic T lymphocytes and target cells
Answer: A
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3
Chapter 2: Innate Immunity
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17 Verified Questions
17 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) A 4-year-old-girl sees her physician because of a severe necrotizing, oropharyngeal herpes simplex viral (HSV) infection. She has a past medical history of cytomegalovirus (CMV) pneumonitis and cutaneous HSV infection. Phenotypic analysis of her blood cells shows an absence of CD56 and CD16 cells. There are normal numbers of CD4 and CD8 cells in the blood, and serum antibody titers are normal. The patient's CD8 T cells were able to kill virally infected target cells in vitro. Which of the following is NOT characteristic of this girl's immunodeficiency disease?
A)Lack of cells whose activation is normally inhibited by self class I major histocompatibility complex (MHC)
B)Impaired granzyme B-dependent killing of virally infected target cells
C)Lack of cells that are activated by IL-15
D)Impaired interferon (IFN)- production during early phases of viral infection
E)Failure to form viral peptide-class I MHC complexes
Answer: E
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Page 4
Chapter 3: Antigen Capture and Presentation to Lymphocytes
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17 Verified Questions
17 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which one of the following statements about T cell tolerance to self proteins is accurate?
A)Self proteins are not presented by the class I pathway because only microbial proteins, and not self proteins, are ubiquinated in the cytosol.
B)Peptides derived from self proteins are not presented by the class I or class II pathways because MHC molecules are expressed only in response to infections.
C)Self proteins are not presented by the class II pathway because endosomal acidic proteases digest microbial proteins but not eukaryotic proteins.
D)Self peptide/self MHC complexes are formed and displayed by antigen-presenting cells in both class I and class II MHC pathways, but T cells that recognize these complexes usually are not present or are functionally inactive.
E)Peptides derived from self proteins are not displayed by MHC molecules because they usually are displaced by the more abundant microbial peptides.
Answer: D
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Chapter 4: Antigen Recognition in the Adaptive Immune System
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17 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Most T lymphocytes have a dual specificity for which one of the following pairs of molecules?
A)A particular allelic form of a major histocompatibility complex (MHC) molecule and a peptide bound to the MHC molecule
B)Both MHC class I and class II molecules
C)Both peptide and glycolipid antigens
D)Both soluble peptides and peptide-MHC complexes
E)MHC molecules and CD4 or CD8
Q2) Which of the following is NOT a property shared by both CD4 and CD8?
A)Binds to nonpolymorphic regions of MHC molecules
B)Cytoplasmic tail associates with the Src family kinase Lck
C)Is a member of the Ig superfamily
D)Functions as a coreceptor for TCRs
E)Is expressed on the majority of mature blood T cells
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Chapter 5: T Cell Mediated Immunity
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15 Verified Questions
15 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which one of the following statements about the molecule Lck is NOT true?
A)It is a member of the Src family of kinases.
B)It binds to the cytoplasmic tails of T cell coreceptors CD4 or CD8.
C)It phosphorylates ITAM motifs on the CD3 complex.
D)It phosphorylates tyrosine residues on Zap-70 and activates it.
E)It phosphorylates PIP2 to PIP3 and leads to the activation of Itk.
Q2) Which one of the following descriptions of cytokine interleukin-2 is NOT true?
A)Expression of its gene requires multiple transcription factors, such as Fos, Jun, and NFAT.
B)It acts as an autocrine growth factor for T cells.
C)It binds to CD25 on the cell membrane of T cells.
D)It is only involved in the proliferation of helper T cells and not CTLs.
E)It promotes susceptibility of T cells to apoptosis.
Q3) Which one of the following cell types would be most potent at activating naive T cells?
A)Kupffer cells
B)B cells
C)Follicular dendritic cells
D)Neutrophils
E)Langerhans cells
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Chapter 6: Effector Mechanisms of T Cell Mediated Immunity
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Sample Questions
Q1) A 23-year-old man who was recently infected by the HIV virus volunteered for investigative studies of his immune response to the virus. Investigators identified cytolytic T lymphocytes (CTLs) in the patient's blood that recognized a particular peptide derived from a protein encoded by the HIV gag gene. Six months later, viral isolates from the patient showed point mutations in the gag gene sequence encoding that peptide. Which of the following statements about the HIV gag mutations is most likely to be correct?
A)The patient's CTL response to the virus provided selective pressure for the emergence of virus carrying the mutation.
B)The CTL that recognized the original gag-encoded peptide will still be able to recognize the mutated Gag peptide.
C)The CTLs specific for the original Gag peptide were incapable of killing HIV-infected cells.
D)The gag mutation will enhance the ability of natural killer cells to recognize and kill HIV infected cells.
E)The gag mutations have more relevance to the viral evasion of the antibody response rather than the CTL response.
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Chapter 7: Humoral Immune Responses
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17 Verified Questions
17 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which of the following mechanisms contributes to the change from B cell production of membrane Ig to secreted Ig?
A)V(D)J recombinase-mediated deletion of the exon encoding the transmembrane domain
B)Alternative processing of primary RNA transcripts to remove the transmembrane domain and include a secretory tail piece
C)Increased vesicular exocytosis of intracellular stores of the secretory form of Ig
D)Switch recombinase-mediated recombination of the heavy chain locus to juxtapose the V(D)J segment with the exon encoding a secretory tail piece
E)Up-regulation of ectoenzymes that proteolytically cleave membrane Ig heavy chains just proximal to the membrane
Q2) Which of the following events does NOT occur within germinal centers?
A)Somatic mutation of Ig V genes
B)Generation of memory B cells
C)B cell proliferation
D)Affinity maturation
E)Ig gene V(D)J recombination
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Chapter 8: Effector Mechanisms of Humoral Immunity
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13 Verified Questions
13 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which of the following statements about C3 is NOT correct?
A)C3 contains an internal thioester bond that participates in covalent linkage to cell surfaces.
B)C3 is the most abundant complement protein in the serum.
C)A proteolytic fragment of C3 is part of both the C3 and C5 convertases.
D)Activated C3 is a serine protease that cleaves C4.
E)C3 in the plasma is spontaneously cleaved into C3b.
Q2) Which of the following events initiates activation of the alternative complement pathway?
A)C1q binding to a microbial surface
B)Mannose-binding lectin (MBL) binding to a microbial surface
C)Complement receptor 1 (CR1) binding of C3b
D)Factor I cleavage of C3
E)Spontaneous cleavage of C3 to C3b
Q3) Which of the following is NOT a property of the classical pathway C3 convertase?
A)Composed of proteolytic fragments of C4 and C2
B)Has protease activity specific for C3 to form C3b
C)Inhibited by decay acceleration factor (DAF)
D)Stabilized by C4 binding protein (C4bp)
E)Same substrate specificity as the alternative pathway C3 convertase
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Chapter 9: Immunological Tolerance and Autoimmunity
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Sample Questions
Q1) Transgenic mouse lines have been very useful for the study of mechanisms of self-tolerance. In one such line, transgenes were introduced encoding a T cell receptor (TCR) specific for the H-Y antigen, which is a protein expressed by many cell types only in male mice. When these transgenic mice were analyzed, researchers found that T cells expressing the H-Y-specific TCR developed normally in female mice but not in male mice. This finding illustrates which of the following mechanism of self tolerance?
A)Peripheral anergy
B)Central (thymic) deletion
C)Clonal ignorance
D)Regulatory T cell-mediated suppression
E)Peripheral deletion
Q2) A genetic deficiency in the ability to produce which of the following molecules results in autoimmunity?
A)B7-1
B)CD28
C)CD40L
D)Interferon-
E)Interleukin-2
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11
Chapter 10: Immune Responses against Tumors and Transplants
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10 Verified Questions
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Sample Questions
Q1) A 56-year-old woman sees her primary care physician complaining of flank pain and hematuria and is found to have a hematocrit of 56%. She is subsequently diagnosed with advanced renal cell carcinoma. Part of the patient's management involves systemic cytokine therapy; however, the patient develops severe pulmonary edema as a result of the treatment. Which of the following cytokines was most likely used in this patient's therapy?
A)Interleukin (IL)-2
B)IL-6
C)IL-12
D)GM-CSF (granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor)
E)TNF (tumor necrosis factor)
Q2) Which of the following is NOT a mechanism by which tumors evade immune responses?
A)Decreased synthesis of TAP
B)Increased expression of glycocalyx
C)Lack of costimulatory molecule expression
D)Increased expression of TGF-
E)Increased expression of Fas
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Chapter 11: Hypersensitivity
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Sample Questions
Q1) Individuals with the class I HLA-B27 allele have a 90-fold greater chance of developing which of the following inflammatory diseases, relative to HLA-B27-negative individuals?
A)Rheumatoid arthritis
B)Ankylosing spondylitis
C)Pemphigus vulgaris
D)Diabetes mellitus type 1 (insulin dependent)
E)Multiple sclerosis
Q2) Which of the following would NOT be a likely therapy for treating autoimmune diseases?
A)Corticosteroids
B)Small molecule inhibitor of VLA-4
C)Cyclosporine
D)CTLA-4 antagonist
E)Plasmapheresis
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13
Chapter 12: Congenital and Acquired Immunodeficiencies
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18 Verified Questions
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Sample Questions
Q1) All of the following may result in an acquired immunodeficiency EXCEPT:
A)Malnutrition
B)Treatment with corticosteroids
C)Disseminated cancer
D)Inherited defect in B cell maturation
E)Infection with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)
Q2) A 7-month-old boy is evaluated in the clinic for recurrent bacterial infections. His tonsils are not visible on physical examination. Serum immunoglobulin A (IgA) and IgG levels are markedly decreased, and serum IgM levels are slightly below normal. The gene identified in this patient plays a critical role in receptor binding to all of the following ligands EXCEPT:
A)Interleukin (IL)-2
B)IL-4
C)IL-7
D)IL-12
E)IL-15
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