Modern Political Thought Practice Exam
Course Introduction
Modern Political Thought explores the development and transformation of political ideas from the Renaissance to the present era. The course examines influential thinkers such as Machiavelli, Hobbes, Locke, Rousseau, Marx, Mill, and others, analyzing their contributions to concepts like liberty, justice, authority, rights, democracy, and the state.
Through a study of primary texts and critical interpretations, students gain a deeper understanding of how modern political theories have shaped contemporary institutions, ideologies, and debates, fostering the analytical skills necessary for engaging with current political issues.
Recommended Textbook
Political Science An Introduction 14th Global Edition by Michael G. Roskin
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Page 2
Chapter 1: Politics and Political Science
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Sample Questions
Q1) Rousseau had a more optimistic view of the "state of nature" than Locke and Hobbes did.
A)True
B)False
Answer: True
Q2) The famous Milgram study that asked subjects to administer electrical shocks is associated with what kind of power?
A)biological
B)psychological
C)cultural
D)rational
Answer: B
Q3) Harold Lasswell argued that politics is the study of "who gets what."
A)True
B)False
Answer: True
Q4) Generally speaking,political scientists are skeptical of power.
A)True
B)False
Answer: True
Page 3
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Chapter 2: Political Ideologies
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which of these statements is consistent with Francis Fukuyama's view?
A)A centralized world government is inevitable.
B)Ideological conflict is a product of inherent human traits.
C)There will be no more world wars over conflicting ideologies.
D)War will always be necessary to protect American interests abroad.
Answer: C
Q2) Which of the following groups would be most likely to support spreading American values abroad?
A)Feminists
B)Marxists
C)Modern liberals
D)Neoconservatives
Answer: D
Q3) Neoconservatism emerged in the United States during the __________.
A)1920s
B)1940s
C)1970s
D)2000s
Answer: C
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Page 4
Chapter 3: States
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Q1) Imagine that you are looking at a country's main political institutions to find out whether they meet a standard of good,effective governance.Which of the following characteristics would signify that they fail to meet this standard?
A)They are inflexible and have not evolved.
B)They are flexible but filled with partisanship.
C)They are flexible but always produce the same results.
D)They are flexible and have changed steadily over the years.
Answer: A
Q2) A first-past-the-post country with multiple political parties is likely to see parties merge until there are only two viable parties remaining.
A)True
B)False
Answer: True
Q3) Weak states are characterized by __________.
A)the lack of civilian control over the military
B)the penetration of crime into politics
C)an adherence to economics
D)obedience to laws
Answer: B
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Page 5
Chapter 4: Constitutions and Rights
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Q1) Which statement explains why the interpretation of the Second Amendment as an individual right to bear arms is controversial?
A)Most of the other rights in the Bill of Rights are collective rights.
B)The text of the amendment refers only to "well-regulated militias."
C)Guns were relatively new inventions at the time the amendment was written.
D)Several of the original thirteen states never ratified by the Second Amendment.
Q2) Gitlow v.New York and Scales v.the United States both __________.
A)overturned restrictions on political speech
B)struck down laws that censored newspapers
C)affirmed that terrorism suspects have no right to free speech
D)upheld limits on free speech when the government is under threat
Q3) In most European countries,__________ is an illegal form of speech.
A)denying the Holocaust
B)drawing offensive cartoons
C)supporting the right to own guns
D)criticizing the president or prime minister
Q4) The use of judicial review is expressly outlined in the U.S.Constitution.
A)True
B)False
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Chapter 5: Regimes
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Q1) Which statement explains why democracies tend to fail in poor countries?
A)Majorities in poor countries are fundamentally intolerant of other ethnic groups,and this is reinforced by poor educational standards.
B)The income of politicians is too low for them to produce positive social change and governments themselves are poorly structured.
C)Totalitarian government places a much lower cost burden on society,and poorer citizens tend to favor dictators for the order they can impose.
D)Poor countries tend to lack a vibrant middle class,education levels are low,pluralism functions poorly,and people have yet to be shaped by markets that normalize behavior.
Q2) Totalitarian governments can usually only be ousted if the entire regime collapses. A)True
B)False
Q3) Elections in Zimbabwe after independence served to strengthen democratic traditions in that nation.
A)True
B)False
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Chapter 6: Political Culture
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Q1) While it is common for governments to socialize through their education system,which of the following countries have engaged in the most overt political socialization in schools?
A)China and Canada
B)England and France
C)United States and England
D)China and France
Q2) Elites are wealthier,better educated,and more influential than the average citizen.Politically,elites are more likely to __________ than the rest of the population.
A)reject ideology
B)be members of the Tea Party
C)run for office
D)be Democrats
Q3) Which of the following is a minority subculture?
A)Hindus in India
B)Caucasians in America
C)The Han in China
D)Quebecois in Canada
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8
Chapter 7: Public Opinion
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Q1) According to a 1998 Pew study of the attitude of politicians toward the public,politicians believed that __________.
A)re-election is easier than it should be
B)elites should decide policy questions
C)public opinion is important in a democracy
D)the American people are relatively well-informed
Q2) How do published exit polls affect the outcome of presidential elections in the United States?
A)They have not been shown to have any impact.
B)They have been shown to significantly influence undecided voters.
C)They had a significant impact,which is why publishing exit polls are now illegal.
D)They have led to lower voter turnout,since people already know who is likely to win.
Q3) Wallonia in Belgium and Basque country in Spain are examples of center-periphery tensions.
A)True
B)False
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Chapter 8: Political Communication
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Q1) According to Marshall McLuhan,television is __________.
A)highly informative
B)geared towards elite audiences
C)an inherently emotional medium
D)dying out in the face of online competition
Q2) A nation's increased communication positively correlates with increased modernization.
A)True
B)False
Q3) What is one way in which television influenced the 1960s civil-rights movement that print and radio did not?
A)Television pundits advocated for non-violent resistance.
B)Television directly communicated commentators' opinions.
C)Television showed police attacking peaceful demonstrators.
D)Television allowed news anchors to editorialize about the events.
Q4) Most newspaper revenue comes from advertising rather than subscription fees.
A)True
B)False
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Chapter 9: Interest Groups
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Sample Questions
Q1) When an industry such as coal or cotton advertises on television,it is often trying to show the public that it __________.
A)is highly profitable
B)benefits society in general
C)has moderate political views
D)does not need special favors from politicians
Q2) Which term describes a democratic system where all kinds of people with different opinions and values compete to influence government policy?
A)homogeneous
B)liberal
C)paternal
D)pluralist
Q3) An interest group whose membership is dominated by retired persons is most likely to lobby __________.
A)for an expansion of Medicare benefits
B)against legislation banning age discrimination
C)for grants to the states to expand homeschooling efforts
D)against efforts to trim the costs of the federal bureaucracy
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Chapter 10: Parties
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Q1) Which statement explains why electoral propaganda can be considered beneficial for a democratic society?
A)It simplifies complex issues for voters.
B)It keeps less informed voters from going to the polls.
C)It reinforces nationalist sentiment and builds party strength.
D)It distracts citizens from partisan infighting during an election.
Q2) Which of these is the most significant threat to China's one-party system?
A)the increased activism of rural peasants in local governance
B)the rise of small third parties led by members of China's elite social classes
C)the rapid economic growth that is creating a middle class critical of corruption
D)the growing presence of entrepreneurs in the leadership structure of the communist party
Q3) A politician who makes explosive anti-immigrant comments would most likely be part of a party that is _________.
A)far left
B)far right
C)left-leaning centrist
D)right-leaning centrist
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Chapter 11: Elections
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which of the following is true of a secular electoral realignment?
A)It happens suddenly.
B)It happens gradually.
C)It happens when people lose faith in religious leaders.
D)It happens in countries with a strong separation of church and state.
Q2) The higher a person's education and income,the more likely they are to vote.
A)True
B)False
Q3) Which two factors are the strongest predictors of voting in the United States?
A)region and age
B)region and religious affiliation
C)race and religious affiliation
D)race and age
Q4) British Prime Minister Tony Blair tried to emulate __________'s successful political personality.
A)Ronald Reagan
B)Bill Clinton
C)Barack Obama
D)Margaret Thatcher
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Chapter 12: Legislatures
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which statement describes the relationship between legislative careerism and democracy?
A)The longer politicians serve in office,the less influence special interest groups will have.
B)The longer politicians serve in office,the greater the level of citizens' engagement with politics.
C)The longer politicians serve in office,the less likely the probability of divided government.
D)The longer politicians serve in office,the less responsive public policy will be to the needs of citizens.
Q2) Most work on bills under consideration by the legislature is done by the staff members of party leaders.
A)True
B)False
Q3) A European cabinet would be called __________ in the United States.
A)a ministry
B)a political party
C)an administration
D)a Congressional committee
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Chapter 13: Executives and Bureaucracies
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Sample Questions
Q1) President Franklin Roosevelt expected his advisors to agree with each other and with him.
A)True
B)False
Q2) How does the French bureaucracy compare to the American bureaucracy?
A)It is more despised by the public.
B)It is stronger and more entrenched.
C)It is more vulnerable to downsizing.
D)It is more easily controlled by elected officials.
Q3) Which of these is more likely to occur in a one-party regime than in a democratic country?
A)Bureaucratic regulation of private behavior is kept to a minimum.
B)Political officials have an easy time reigning in the power of bureaucracies.
C)Corrupt bureaucrats receive understanding and forgiveness from the public.
D)Members of the bureaucracy enjoy privileges that are not available to most citizens.
Q4) Congress possesses the ability to increase the powers of the executive branch.
A)True
B)False
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15
Chapter 14: Judiciaries
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Q1) The pinnacle of the federal court system is the U.S.Supreme Court,consisting of one chief justice and six associate justices.
A)True
B)False
Q2) Eliminating the power of judicial review would weaken courts in the United States by
A)making the statutes that courts interpret less clear
B)eliminating the discretion afforded by common law
C)removing them from the process of interpreting the Constitution
D)making judges more dependent on information provided by prosecutors
Q3) Suppose a gang of criminals robs a bank in Washington state and a second bank in Oregon before being apprehended by police in California.The criminal trial for these crimes will be held in which type of court?
A)circuit court
B)California state court
C)federal district court
D)Washington state court
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Page 16
Chapter 15: Political Economy
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Sample Questions
Q1) Due to increased medical costs,Medicare recipients are required to contribute bigger __________ to hold down overuse.
A)copayments
B)contributions
C)imbursements
D)subsidies
Q2) Welfare programs are likely to produce welfare dependency when they __________.
A)reduce incentives to work
B)reduce a person's tax burden
C)benefit people who are disabled
D)benefit the middle class more than the poor
Q3) Conservatives complain that the federal government often sets the poverty line too low because of its emphasis on estimating the costs of a suburban lifestyle.
A)True
B)False
Q4) Many of today's American welfare programs began during the 1960s during the Kennedy and Johnson administrations.
A)True
B)False
Page 17
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Chapter 16: Violence and Revolution
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Sample Questions
Q1) Why are intellectuals nearly everywhere discontented with the existing state of affairs?
A)They are highly educated and acquainted with a variety of ideas,some of them utopian.
B)They are elitists and have trouble working with the common people.
C)Negative people tend to be attracted to intellectual occupations.
D)Intellectuals usually support fringe candidates that do not win elections.
Q2) "Class antagonism" is a Marxist term for the consequences of relative deprivation.
A)True
B)False
Q3) The Sandinistas' overthrow of Somoza in Nicaragua is an example of a peaceful revolutionary movement.
A)True
B)False
Q4) Napoleon and Stalin are examples of __________.
A)tyrants who replaced lesser tyrants
B)pure Marxists
C)theocratic despots
D)largely nonviolent revolutionaries
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Chapter 17: International Relations
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which of these statements most likely comes from an advocate of noninterventionism?
A)The United States cannot be isolated in world affairs,but it should use its military capabilities only sparingly.
B)The United States should pressure the United Nations to be more assertive in the name of collective security.
C)The United States should participate in peacekeeping missions only when there is a clear humanitarian purpose.
D)The United States should withdraw from international institutions,but it should continue trading with other nations.
Q2) After the U.S.invasion of Iraq in 204,Iraq's stockpiles of weapons of mass destruction were discovered and destroyed.
A)True
B)False
Q3) In East Asia,civilians guide what are deemed key industries,aimed at rapid growth and dominance of certain markets.
A)True
B)False
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