Course Introduction
Modern European History Test
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Modern European History explores the political, social, economic, and cultural developments that have shaped Europe from the late eighteenth century to the present. The course examines key events such as the French Revolution, the Industrial Revolution, the rise and fall of empires, world wars, the Cold War, and the evolving dynamics of European integration. Through the analysis of historical texts, primary sources, and scholarly debates, students will gain a deeper understanding of the forces that have influenced modern European society and the ongoing impact of these changes in today's world.
Recommended Textbook
The Western Experience 10th Edition by Mortimer Chambers
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Page 2
Chapter 1: The First Civilizations
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Q1) What do we know about the lives of women in the early civilizations studied in this chapter? What are our sources of information on this subject?
Answer: In the early civilizations studied in this chapter, we know that the lives of women were often centered around domestic duties such as cooking, cleaning, and caring for children. They were also responsible for tasks such as weaving, spinning, and making clothing. In some societies, women had limited rights and were expected to be obedient to their husbands and fathers. However, there were also instances of women holding positions of power and influence, such as priestesses or rulers.
Our sources of information on the lives of women in early civilizations come from a variety of sources. These include written records such as laws, religious texts, and literature, as well as archaeological evidence such as artifacts, artwork, and burial practices. Additionally, some societies had oral traditions that have been passed down through generations, providing insights into the roles and experiences of women. By studying these sources, historians and archaeologists have been able to piece together a more comprehensive understanding of the lives of women in early civilizations.
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Chapter 2: The Forming of Greek Civilizations
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Q1) Identify/define and explain the significance of the following: Themistocles.
Answer: Themistocles was an Athenian statesman and general who played a significant role in the Greek city-states' victory over the Persian Empire during the Greco-Persian Wars. He is best known for his leadership in the Battle of Salamis in 480 BC, where he devised a strategy that led to a decisive naval victory for the Greeks.
Themistocles' significance lies in his foresight and strategic thinking, which ultimately saved Greece from Persian conquest. He recognized the importance of naval power and convinced the Athenians to build a strong navy, which proved crucial in the defense against the Persian invasion. His leadership and tactical acumen were instrumental in shaping the course of the war and securing Greek independence.
Furthermore, Themistocles' political influence and diplomatic skills helped to strengthen Athens' position as a dominant naval power in the region, laying the foundation for the city's future prominence in the ancient world. His legacy as a visionary leader and military strategist has had a lasting impact on the history of ancient Greece and the development of naval warfare.
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Chapter 3: Classical and Hellenistic Greece
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Q1) Our best historical sources for the Persian and Peloponnesian Wars are
A)Sophocles and Euripides.
B)Herodotus and Thucydides.
C)Aeschylus and Aristophanes.
D)Hesiod and Sappho.
E)Medea and Lysistrata.
Answer: B
Q2) Following the death of Alexander the Great in 323 B.C., the Near East was influenced by Greek culture in a process we call
A)Sophism.
B)Platonism.
C)Athenianization.
D)Hellenization.
E)dissolution.
Answer: D
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Chapter 4: The Roman Republic
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Q1) Review the feature entitled "The Murder of Julius Caesar" in this chapter.Explain the symbolic significance of the statue of Pompey in this account.
Q2) Was Roman expansion in Italy and throughout the Mediterranean the result of self-determination and ambition or a response to external threats?
Q3) What does map 4.1 of the city of Rome indicate about Roman culture and society during the Republic?
Q4) The Roman constitution was
A)a written document.
B)a set of procedures and customs.
C)a frequently appended document.
D)determined by the power of certain clans.
E)None of these answers is correct.
Q5) Identify/define and explain the significance of the following: Vestal Virgins.
Q6) Identify/define and explain the significance of the following: Carthage.
Q7) Consider the empires established by Athens after taking over the Delian League and Rome.What were the positive and negative consequences of ancient empire building?
Q8) Identify/define and explain the significance of the following: Cleopatra.
Q9) Identify/define and explain the significance of the following: the Forum.
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Chapter 5: The Empire and Christianity
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Q1) Diocletian's reforms included
A)the creation of the Tetrarchy.
B)the elimination of taxes on land.
C)the reduction of taxes on trade.
D)the elimination of the Tetrarchy.
E)the creation of a more democratic system.
Q2) Regarding the issue of conversion, Paul advocated
A)circumcision as a condition of conversion.
B)conversion on the basis of personal faith.
C)conversion based on observation of Mosaic law.
D)conversion on the basis of ethnic identity.
E)violent resistance against Roman persecution.
Q3) Christianity became the only religion tolerated in the Roman Empire by approximately
A)100 A.D.
B)200 A.D.
C)300 A.D.
D)400 A.D.
E)500 A.D.
Q4) Identify/define and explain the significance of the following: Paul.
Page 7
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Chapter 6: The Making of Western Europe
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Q1) Explain the difficulty Christian writers had with classical writers and education as they developed Christian theology and attempted to improve literacy.
Q2) Was Justinian an innovative and effective or overly ambitious and disastrous ruler?
Q3) Gregory I provides an excellent example of
A)Germanic kingship.
B)the difficulties encountered by the Frankish custom of partible inheritance.
C)a successful missionary among pagans.
D)the growth of papal primacy in the West.
E)the decline of the Roman Empire in the West.
Q4) Identify/define and explain the significance of the following: Merovingians.
Q5) Greeks and Romans called all foreigners "barbarians" because
A)they were not Christian.
B)they did not live in cities.
C)they did not reside in the Greek or Roman empires.
D)of their unintelligible languages and strange customs.
E)of their pagan religious beliefs.
Q6) Explain the origins of the papacy.How did it ascend to primacy?
Q7) Identify/define and explain the significance of the following: Bede the Venerable.
Page 8
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Chapter 7: The Empires of the Early Middle Ages 800-1000:
Creation and Erosion
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Q1) Review the feature entitled "The Koran on Christians and Jews" in this chapter.How does Islam build upon the traditions of Judaism and Christianity in this passage?
Q2) Identify/define and explain the significance of the following: Vladimir.
Q3) What are the problems historians encounter with primary sources in writing the history of women in the Middle Ages, and how can an awareness of these issues contribute to a greater understanding of women in the Middle Ages?
Q4) What institutions and procedures did Charlemagne institute in order to maintain more effective control over local officials? How does this represent the limitations of kingship at this time?
Q5) Identify/define and explain the significance of the following: Shiites.
Q6) The use of vernacular languages in the Orthodox Church contributed to
A)the superiority of the patriarch of Constantinople over the pope.
B)the development of a centralized authority in the Eastern Churches.
C)the supremacy of the pope in determining religious dogma.
D)the unity of liturgical development.
E)the development of autonomous churches based on vernacular languages.
Q7) Identify/define and explain the significance of the following: Muhammad.
Q8) Identify/define and explain the significance of the following: hijra.
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Chapter 8: Restoration of an Ordered Society
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Q1) The primary goal of papal reform was to
A)enforce lay investiture.
B)eliminate the College of Cardinals from the election of the pope.
C)free the papacy from military dependence on the German Empire.
D)deprive Henry IV of his empire.
E)abolish the decrees of the Concordat of Worms.
Q2) The Concordat of Worms
A)demanded Henry IV resign as Holy Roman Emperor.
B)forced Gregory VII to abandon Rome.
C)stipulated that lay rulers could no longer invest prelates with the symbols of their office.
D)excommunicated the Holy Roman Emperor.
E)prevented the presence of the emperor or his representative at elections of imperial bishops and abbots.
Q3) How does the Investiture Controversy reflect both papal reform and the growth of feudal principalities?
Q4) How did the crusades set the stage for later developments in Europe?
Q5) Identify/define and explain the significance of the following: curia regis.
Q6) Identify/define and explain the significance of the following: Norman Conquest.
Q7) Identify/define and explain the significance of the following: Hugh Capet.
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Chapter 9: The Flowering of Medieval Civilization
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Q1) Identify/define and explain the significance of the following: Francis of Assisi.
Q2) Identify/define and explain the significance of the following: Siete Partidas.
Q3) Identify/define and explain the significance of the following: Thomas Aquinas.
Q4) One of the outcomes of the Fourth Lateran Council was the A)increased role of women in the clergy.
B)decrease in trials by battle.
C)decline in the authority of the pope in declaring Church dogma.
D)election of Innocent III as pope.
E)schism with Greek Orthodox Church.
Q5) Identify/define and explain the significance of the following: Peace of Constance.
Q6) Identify/define and explain the significance of the following: quadrivium.
Q7) How does the illumination depicted in this chapter illustrate the concerns of scholastic thought?
Q8) Identify/define and explain the significance of the following: John I.
Q9) Identify/define and explain the significance of the following: flying buttress.
Q10) Identify/define and explain the significance of the following: chivalry.
Q12) Identify/define and explain the significance of the following: Inquisition. Page 11
Q11) Identify/define and explain the significance of the following: Duns Scotus.
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Chapter 10: The Urban Economy and the Consolidation of States
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Q1) Identify/define and explain the significance of the following: House of Lords.
Q2) Identify/define and explain the significance of the following: Boniface VIII.
Q3) Identify/define and explain the significance of the following: Habsburgs.
Q4) Identify/define and explain the significance of the following: Moscow.
Q5) Identify/define and explain the significance of the following: putting-out system.
Q6) Consider the illustrations in this chapter depicting women engaged in commercial pursuits.What roles did women play in the medieval economy?
Q7) How do the illustrations depicted throughout this chapter reveal the transformations taking place in production and commerce during the High Middle Ages?
Q8) Which of the following resisted the consolidation that took place during Philip IV's rule?
A)England
B)Flanders
C)the Papal States
D)Brittany and Normandy
E)Ile-de-France and Aquitaine
Q10) Identify/define and explain the significance of the following: Edward I. Page 13
Q9) Identify/define and explain the significance of the following: Roger Bacon.
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Chapter 11: Breakdown and Renewal in an Age of Plague
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Q1) Identify/define and explain the significance of the following: Aquitaine.
Q2) Which of the following factors contributed to the instability of the nobility?
A)dynastic instability
B)livery
C)divisions within the nobility
D)loss of feudal privileges
E)expansion of papal authority
Q3) Identify/define and explain the significance of the following: Burgundy.
Q4) Identify/define and explain the significance of the following: Treaty of Troyes.
Q5) Identify/define and explain the significance of the following: bubonic plague.
Q6) Which city was ruled by a comparatively cohesive oligarchy that had inherited its authority over generations?
A)Milan
B)Rome
C)Florence
D)Bruges
E)Venice
Q7) Identify/define and explain the significance of the following: misogyny.
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Q8) Identify/define and explain the significance of the following: Johannes Gutenberg.
Chapter 12: Tradition and Change in European Culture,
1300-1500
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Q1) What led to the Great Schism? Why did it prove so difficult to resolve?
Q2) Identify/define and explain the significance of the following: lay mysticism.
Q3) Identify/define and explain the significance of the following: Chaucer.
Q4) Discuss the ways in which dissatisfaction with the character, practices, and beliefs of the Roman Catholic Church was expressed in the fourteenth and fifteenth centuries.
Q5) How does Albrecht Dürer's The Riders on the Four Horses from the Apocalypse as seen in this chapter echo religious sentiments of northern Europe at the close of the fifteenth century?
Q6) The devotio moderna was similar to Italian Humanism in that it
A)drew its chief inspiration from the works of antiquity.
B)reacted against the pomp and splendor of papal and other ecclesiastical courts.
C)addressed its message to lay people in order to help them lead a higher moral life.
D)drew its inspiration from pagan traditions.
E)All these answers are correct.
Q7) Identify/define and explain the significance of the following: Dürer.
Q8) Identify/define and explain the significance of the following: Giotto.
Q9) Identify/define and explain the significance of the following: Leonardo.
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Chapter 13: Reformations in Religion
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Q1) How do Ignatius Loyola's Spiritual Exercises and the Jesuit movement itself represent a continuation of Renaissance Humanism?
Q2) Identify/define and explain the significance of the following: Geneva.
Q3) Review the feature entitled "Luther's 'Experience in the Tower'" in this chapter.How accurately do you think Luther describes the events at hand, writing a quarter of a century after they had transpired? How do you think he may have distorted the events?
Q4) Discuss the reaction of the mainstream reformers to radical movements such as Anabaptism.Why did they react thus?
Q5) The most important action of the Council of Trent was to
A)provide a clear definition of Catholic theology, morality, and discipline.
B)allow clerical marriage.
C)bring about a temporary reconciliation with the Protestants.
D)totally reject Protestant theological innovations.
E)both provide a clear definition of Catholic theology, morality, and discipline, and totally reject Protestant theological innovations.
Q6) Identify/define and explain the significance of the following: communion.
Q7) Identify/define and explain the significance of the following: Martin Luther.
Q8) Identify/define and explain the significance of the following: indulgences.
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Chapter 14: Economic Expansion and a New Politics
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Q1) England's Parliament gained importance and prestige during the reign of Henry VIII at the same time that monarchical power reached new heights.Show how these two apparently contradictory developments occurred and discuss the relationship that developed between the two branches of government.
Q2) Referring to map 14.1, how were both Spain and Portugal ideally situated to take advantage of improvements in trans-oceanic shipbuilding and navigation?
Q3) Identify/define and explain the significance of the following: Castile.
Q4) Slavery was virtually non-existent in Europe by ca.1500, yet in the succeeding century the European use of slaves became widespread.Discuss this development in terms of religious, political, economic, and social factors.Which do you think was the most significant contributor to this increase in slavery?
Q5) Identify/define and explain the significance of the following: slave trade.
Q6) Compare and contrast how the Spanish and Portuguese exploited their respective overseas empires.Your response should include discussion of their motives, the economic impact on each country, and their relations with the native populations.
Q7) Identify/define and explain the significance of the following: Matthias Corvinus.
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Chapter 15: War and Crisis
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Q1) What were the causes of the English Civil War? How did different social classes and religious groups take sides during the war?
Q2) Identify/define and explain the significance of the following: Richelieu.
Q3) Identify/define and explain the significance of the following: Olivares.
Q4) Identify/define and explain the significance of the following: Leopold I.
Q5) Identify/define and explain the significance of the following: Oxenstierna.
Q6) Review the feature entitled "Queen Elizabeth's Armada Speech" in this chapter.Who and what are the enemies of Elizabeth and the English in this speech?
Q7) The strategic and technological changes in seventeenth-century warfare included
A)the ability to subdue nearly any city or fortification much more quickly than in the past.
B)mounted horsemen as the most important branch of the army.
C)use of the salvo to overcome massed infantry.
D)little need for drill or combat training because armies were composed of hired professionals.
E)the development of smaller, more efficient armies.
Q8) Identify/define and explain the significance of the following: Society of Friends.
Q9) Identify/define and explain the significance of the following: James I.
Page 19
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Chapter 16: Culture and Society in the Age of the Scientific Revolution
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Q1) How are women portrayed in the woodcut found in this chapter?
Q2) Which of the following words LEAST applies to the scientific outlook?
A)skepticism
B)common sense
C)experimentation
D)hypothesis
E)deduction
Q3) Identify/define and explain the significance of the following: principle of doubt.
Q4) Consider maps 16.1 and 16.3.Where did the greatest improvements in communications occur? How did those improvements build upon political stability and urban growth?
Q5) Mannerist art was characterized by
A)formality, balance, and restraint.
B)distorted human figures and unnatural lighting effects.
C)extravagant use of bright colors and abstract design.
D)emphasis on decorative design.
E)simplicity in human figures, similar to Gothic sculpture.
Page 20
Q6) Identify/define and explain the significance of the following: Pascal.
Q7) Identify/define and explain the significance of the following: Caravaggio.
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Chapter 17: The Emergence of the European State System
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Q1) Identify/define and explain the significance of the following: Frederick II.
Q2) Review the feature entitled "Maria Theresa in a Vehement Mood" in this chapter.How does Maria Theresa explain her decision to ally with France? Why does that decision require explanation?
Q3) Identify/define and explain the significance of the following: Frederick William.
Q4) Identify/define and explain the significance of the following: Prince Eugène.
Q5) Identify/define and explain the significance of the following: balance of power.
Q6) Identify/define and explain the significance of the following: War of Spanish Succession.
Q7) Review the feature entitled "Louis XIV on Kingship" in this chapter.What obligations and responsibilities does Louis XIV recognize for the absolute monarch? What were the limitations of those obligations and responsibilities?
Q8) Identify/define and explain the significance of the following: workhouses.
Q9) Identify/define and explain the significance of the following: Charles II.
Q10) How similar were the United Provinces and England when William III of the United Provinces became the king of England? What were these similarities? How did the situations in the two countries differ?
Q11) Identify/define and explain the significance of the following: Whigs.
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Chapter 18: The Wealth of Nations
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Q1) Identify/define and explain the significance of the following: enclosures.
Q2) Identify/define and explain the significance of the following: Adam Smith.
Q3) Identify/define and explain the significance of the following: triangular trade.
Q4) In view of the new agricultural techniques that were developed over the course of the eighteenth century, how do you explain the difficulties in which French agriculture found itself on the eve of the Revolution? Why were there food shortages and peasant unrest?
Q5) In the eighteenth century, the principal economic activity of the Netherlands was A)banking and finance.
B)cloth manufacturing.
C)tulip cultivation.
D)maritime commerce.
E)grain production.
Q6) Identify/define and explain the significance of the following: nawab.
Q7) Identify/define and explain the significance of the following: Middle Passage.
Q8) Identify/define and explain the significance of the following: James Watt.
Q9) Identify/define and explain the significance of the following: Treaty of Paris.
Q11) Identify/define and explain the significance of the following: West Indies. Page 22
Q10) Why did England undergo industrialization first among the European countries?
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Chapter 19: The Age of Enlightenment
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Q1) Popular literature
A)promoted secularism.
B)attacked elite culture.
C)remained superstitious and religious.
D)provided a forum for discussing social problems.
E)called religion and superstitious beliefs into question.
Q2) Identify/define and explain the significance of the following: periodicals.
Q3) Review the feature entitled "Mary Wollstonecraft on the Education of Women" in this chapter.How have men misled and even deceived women through education, according to Mary Wollstonecraft? What is "specious homage"?
Q4) In the eighteenth century, primary schooling was designed to
A)promote social mobility for those who merited it.
B)provide every child with basic writing and math skills.
C)encourage rational analysis of society's problems.
D)reinforce the traditional social order.
E)remove peasant children from the work force.
Q5) What evidence do we have that artists, writers, poets, and musicians, as well as philosophers and theorists, embraced the idea of freedom in the eighteenth century?
Q6) Identify/define and explain the significance of the following: freemasonry.
Page 24
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Chapter 20: The French Revolution
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Q1) Identify/define and explain the significance of the following: assignats.
Q2) Compare and contrast the American and French revolutions.Which seems more "revolutionary" in terms of political theory and socioeconomic grievances?
Q3) How do the images of the Estates General and tennis court oath seen in this chapter illustrate the transition from monarchical to representative governments?
Q4) The French Revolution became violent because
A)the king brought troops into Paris to suppress the National Assembly.
B)unemployment was high and there were bread shortages.
C)Parisians feared an aristocratic plot against the Third Estate.
D)the king dismissed Necker, who was considered an ally of reform.
E)All these answers are correct.
Q5) Which is NOT true of the sans-culottes?
A)They advocated the abolition of private property.
B)They favored regulation of the economy in order to assure the basic necessities of life.
C)Women were among their most active members.
D)They attacked opulence and pretension.
E)They favored participatory democracy.
Q6) Identify/define and explain the significance of the following: Wollstonecraft.
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Chapter 21: The Age of Napoleon
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Q1) Defeat at the hands of Napoleon prompted the Prussian monarchy to
A)create parliamentary institutions to gain support of the people.
B)challenge the Junkers' control of their estates.
C)open some positions in the bureaucracy and the military to non-nobles.
D)abolish the military reserve in favor of a larger full-time army.
E)implement a constitutional system.
Q2) Consider the works by Goya seen in this chapter.How did he portray the conflict? Do you detect any sympathies on his part?
Q3) How did political fatigue and propaganda contribute to the early success of Napoleon?
Q4) What do you think contributed more to the Spanish colonial wars of independence: Napoleon's interference with Spanish rule, economic interests, or revolutionary ideals?
Q5) Identify/define and explain the significance of the following: Concordat.
Q6) Napoleon believed that national loyalties would never rally to the support of traditional regimes when a rational and progressive alternative existed.What evidence from across Europe indicated that he was wrong?
Q7) Identify/define and explain the significance of the following: Third Coalition.
Q8) Identify/define and explain the significance of the following: Neo-Jacobins.
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Chapter 22: Foundations of Nineteenth Century Europe
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Q1) Consider the illustration of the Crystal Palace found in this chapter.How did the international exhibition showcase the triumph of industrialization within England?
Q2) Review the Historical Issues feature entitled "Industrialization and the Standard of Living" in this chapter.What, according to Hobsbawm, were some of the beneficial aspects of industrialization? Why do you think Ashton disagrees that those same developments were detrimental effects of industrialization?
Q3) Which best describes the fortunes of political reformers in Spain and Italy in the decade after the fall of Napoleon?
A)Revolts in favor of a constitutional government were put down by outside forces.
B)Free press led to occasional arrests but brought reformers a mass following.
C)Reformers gained the support of the Catholic Church.
D)Their movements lost ground as traditional rulers proved capable of providing stable, efficient governments.
E)Italian intervention prevented the establishment of a constitutional government.
Q4) Identify/define and explain the significance of the following: Carlsbad Decrees.
Q5) Identify/define and explain the significance of the following: James Watt.
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Chapter 23: States and Nations in the Nineteenth Century, 1830-1870
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Q1) Identify/define and explain the significance of the following: German Reich.
Q2) Identify/define and explain the significance of the following: Felix von Schwarzenberg.
Q3) Once in power, Bismarck
A)opposed nationalism.
B)dissolved the parliament.
C)reinstated the parliament.
D)alienated Russia.
E)promoted a free press.
Q4) Identify/define and explain the significance of the following: Frederick William IV.
Q5) Review the feature entitled "Mazzini's Nationalism" in this chapter.In what ways is this a romantic document?
Q6) Identify/define and explain the significance of the following: Louis Blanc.
Q7) Identify/define and explain the significance of the following: Franz Joseph I.
Q8) Identify/define and explain the significance of the following: Victor Emmanuel II.
Page 28
Q9) Identify/define and explain the significance of the following: the risorgimento.
Q10) Identify/define and explain the significance of the following: kaiser.
Q11) How was nationalism antithetical to various ideals of the Enlightenment?
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Chapter 24: Progress and Its Discontents
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Q1) Identify/define and explain the significance of the following: St.Petersburg Soviet.
Q2) Review the feature entitled "Making the Deals That Created a Cartel" in this chapter.How did the formation of this cartel reflect sound business strategy and concern for social welfare?
Q3) Identify/define and explain the significance of the following: anarchism.
Q4) After the Revolution of 1905 in Russia,
A)the tsar's powers of appointment and decision-making were curtailed.
B)the government tried to strengthen the village-communal system of agriculture in order to improve conditions of the peasants.
C)workers were granted new rights to welfare and participation.
D)Russia at last adopted the Western model of representative assemblies and political parties.
E)All these answers are correct.
Q5) By the late nineteenth century, liberal ideology and society were clearly under attack from a number of sides.What were those attacks and their origins? Who did the attacks seek to mobilize? What effect did they have on governments?
Q6) Identify/define and explain the significance of the following: Cadets.
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Chapter 25: Nineteenth-Century Empires
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Q1) Australia and New Zealand
A)found their textile industries ravaged by the economic imperialism of European powers.
B)maintained their independence through native resistance movements.
C)were populated by white emigrants who destroyed the indigenous populations.
D)were not permitted Dominion status.
E)All these answers are correct.
Q2) Identify/define and explain the significance of the following: Opium War.
Q3) Lenin
A)agreed with Hobson about the economic basis of imperialism.
B)disagreed with the idea that all colonialism was exploitative.
C)argued that imperialism stemmed from capitalism itself.
D)both agreed with Hobson about the economic basis of imperialism and disagreed with the idea that all colonialism was exploitative.
E)both agreed with Hobson about the economic basis of imperialism and argued that it stemmed from capitalism itself.
Q4) Identify/define and explain the significance of the following: anthropology.
Q5) Identify/define and explain the significance of the following: eugenics.
Q6) Identify/define and explain the significance of the following: Henry Stanley.
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Chapter 26: World War I and the War It Created
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Q1) The political norm in Europe after World War I was
A)socialism.
B)communism.
C)constitutional democracy.
D)anarchy.
E)monarchy.
Q2) Identify/define and explain the significance of the following: trench warfare.
Q3) Identify/define and explain the significance of the following: Lusitania.
Q4) What impact did World War I have on Europe's colonial holdings? How did it set the stage for changes to come?
Q5) Identify/define and explain the significance of the following: Clemenceau.
Q6) The gravest problem faced by the Weimar Republic was A)the Spartacist uprisings.
B)inflation.
C)Freikorps agitation.
D)political challenge from the right.
E)nationalist movements.
Q7) Was the Treaty of Versailles fundamentally unfair? How? Did it at least ensure the instability of the European state system for the following decades?
Page 32
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Chapter 27: The Great Twentieth-Century Crisis
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Q1) By 1939 Soviet Russia, owing to the accomplishments of the First, Second, and Third Five-Year Plans, ranked third among the world's industrial nations behind
A)Great Britain and the United States.
B)the United States and Japan.
C)the United States and Germany.
D)Great Britain and Germany.
E)Great Britain and France.
Q2) Identify/define and explain the significance of the following: Heinrich Himmler.
Q3) Explain why Einstein's theory of relativity and Werner Heisenberg's "uncertainty principle" would undermine middle-class values, and encourage Cubist and Expressionist painting.
Q4) Identify/define and explain the significance of the following: NEP.
Q5) Identify/define and explain the significance of the following: Great Depression.
Q6) Define individual freedom according to fascist, liberal, Christian, socialist, and communist ideologies.
Q7) Identify/define and explain the significance of the following: War Communism.
Q8) Identify/define and explain the significance of the following: First Five-Year Plan.
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Q9) Identify/define and explain the significance of the following: Black Shirts.
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Chapter 28: The Nightmare: World War II
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Q1) Identify/define and explain the significance of the following: Churchill.
Q2) Identify/define and explain the significance of the following: atomic bomb.
Q3) Identify/define and explain the significance of the following: Stalingrad.
Q4) Identify/define and explain the significance of the following: refugees.
Q5) Identify/define and explain the significance of the following: Iwo Jima.
Q6) The Big Three were
A)Russia, Britain, and France.
B)Japan, Germany, and Italy.
C)Germany, Poland, and Austria.
D)Russia, Britain, and the U.S.
E)Italy, Ethiopia, and Spain.
Q7) Whereas World War I had been a catastrophe for fighting forces, World War II proved equally or more devastating for civilians.Why was this the case?
Q8) President Harry Truman
A)helped outline the future of Germany and peace terms for Japan at the Potsdam meetings.
B)brought the U.S.into war with the Soviet Union.
C)proclaimed U.S.willingness to commit American troops to UN military actions.
D)warned the Soviet Union not to take Czechoslovakia.
E)intended to stimulate Europe's postwar economic recovery.
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Chapter 29: Europe in the Postwar ERA
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Q1) Which of the following nations was NOT a member of the North Atlantic Treaty Organization?
A)Canada
B)Great Britain
C)Hungary
D)France
E)Denmark
Q2) Identify/define and explain the significance of the following: de-Stalinization.
Q3) Identify/define and explain the significance of the following: Bauhaus school.
Q4) Describe the causes and aftermath of the revolutions of 1968.Why did they fail?
Q5) Identify/define and explain the significance of the following: United Nations.
Q6) Review this chapter's feature entitled "The Soviet Union Denounces the United States While Calling for Arms Reduction." By using the "Map of the Third World War" as evidence in his speech, does Vishinsky strengthen his argument that the U.S.is preparing for war with the Soviet Union, or weaken it? Would he have been better served by using evidence of a different nature?
Q7) Identify/define and explain the significance of the following: goulash socialism.
Q8) Identify/define and explain the significance of the following: Iganzio Silone.
Q9) Identify/define and explain the significance of the following: Mustapha Kemal.
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Chapter 30: Europe in the Global ERA
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Q1) Identify/define and explain the significance of the following: neo-Nazis.
Q2) Identify/define and explain the significance of the following: Kohl.
Q3) Identify/define and explain the significance of the following: Reagan.
Q4) How has European society been transformed by its commitment to social welfare?
Q5) In 1968 the Brezhnev doctrine had proclaimed that
A)a threat to socialism in one country was a threat to all.
B)the Comecon would be the main industrial organization in Eastern Europe.
C)NATO was a serious military threat and should be dismantled.
D)communist governments would be installed in all Eastern European countries.
E)All these answers are correct.
Q6) In the nearly fifty years since the end of World War II, the continent of Europe has become more tightly integrated than ever before.What forces have made for this increasing unity, and what are the political landmarks that chart its path?
Q7) Identify/define and explain the significance of the following: ECSC.
Q8) Identify/define and explain the significance of the following: Green parties.
Q9) Identify/define and explain the significance of the following: terrorism.
Q10) Identify/define and explain the significance of the following: Council of Europe.
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Q11) How have women's lives changed since World War II?
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