Modern European History Test
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Course Introduction
Modern European History explores the major political, social, economic, and cultural developments in Europe from the late eighteenth century to the present day. The course examines significant events such as the French and Industrial Revolutions, the unification of nation-states, imperialism, the World Wars, the Cold War, and the ongoing process of European integration. Students will analyze the impact of these events on European societies and the world, considering themes such as nationalism, democracy, totalitarianism, and social change. Through diverse sources, historical interpretations, and critical analysis, the course provides a comprehensive understanding of how modern Europe has been shaped and continues to evolve.
Recommended Textbook
Western Civilization Volume II Since 1500 8th Edition by Jackson J. Spielvogel
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18 Chapters
2211 Verified Questions
2211 Flashcards
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Chapter 1: Reformation and Religious Warfare in the
Sixteenth Century
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122 Verified Questions
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Sample Questions
Q1) The importation of silver from the New World to Spain resulted in
A) the Industrial Revolution.
B) the Commercial Revolution.
C) deflation.
D) stagflation.
E) inflation.
Answer: E
Q2) The Edict of Nantes was all of the following except it
A) was an acknowledgment that Catholicism was the official religion in France.
B) expelled the Huguenots from France.
C) recognized the rights of the Protestant minority.
D) was a political decision.
E) was an attempt to reduce religious violence in France.
Answer: B
Q3) In his On the Freedom of a Christian Man, Martin Luther wrote, "Good works make a good man."
A)True
B)False
Answer: False
Page 3
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1500-1800
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Sample Questions
Q1) The European nation that took over the spice trade from Portugal was A) Venice.
B) England.
C) Spain.
D) France.
E) the Dutch Republic.
Answer: E
Q2) In Japan, Tokugawa Ieyasu
A) expelled all missionaries.
B) invited Protestant missionaries to visit.
C) executed all missionaries.
D) converted to Catholicism.
E) invited French Catholic missionaries to stay.
Answer: A
Q3) What role did private investment and initiative play in the development of European imperialism.Give specific examples.
Answer: not answered
Q4) Ptolemy's Geography
Answer: not answered
Page 4
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Chapter 3: State Building and the Search for Order in the
Seventeenth Century
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122 Verified Questions
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Sample Questions
Q1) Oliver Cromwell
Answer: Oliver Cromwell was a key figure in English history, serving as Lord Protector of the Commonwealth of England, Scotland, and Ireland from 1653 until his death in 1658. He played a significant role in the English Civil War, leading the Parliamentarian forces to victory over the Royalists and ultimately overthrowing the monarchy.
Cromwell's historical significance lies in his establishment of the Commonwealth, which marked the first time in English history that the country was ruled without a king. His leadership also had a lasting impact on the development of parliamentary democracy in England.
Additionally, Cromwell's military campaigns in Ireland and Scotland had a profound impact on the history of those countries, shaping their political and religious landscapes for centuries to come.
Overall, Oliver Cromwell's influence on English and European history is significant, as he played a pivotal role in the transition from monarchy to republicanism and the development of modern political systems.
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121 Verified Questions
121 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Scientific Method
Q2) What was rationalism? Why is Descartes considered the founder of "modern rationalism"?
Q3) Isaac Newton
Q4) What was "new" and what was not new about the seventeenth century's "New Heaven and a New Earth"? Be specific and give examples.
Q5) Scholars devoted to Hermeticism
A) believed that the world was a very recent creation still imperfect.
B) credited the devil with control over the dark secrets of nature.
C) saw the world as a living embodiment of divinity where humans could use mathematics and magic to dominate nature.
D) retreated from study of the natural world to concentrate on mastery of theories of magic.
E) a and d
Q6) Galen
Q7) What did Paracelsus, Vesalius, and Harvey contribute to a scientific view of medicine? Be specific and give examples.
Q8) Principia
Q9) Francis Bacon's inductive method Page 6
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Chapter 5: The Eighteenth Century: an Age of Enlightenment
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Q1) A less brutal approach to justice and punishment in the eighteenth century is associated with
A) Voltaire.
B) Diderot.
C) Montesquieu.
D) Hume.
E) Beccaria.
Q2) European intellectual life in the eighteenth century was marked by the emergence of A) anti-Semitism and sharper persecution of minorities.
B) secularization and a search to find the natural laws governing human life.
C) sophism and the mockery of past traditions.
D) monastic schools and medieval modes of training religious thinkers.
E) the complete separation of church from state.
Q3) Emile
Q4) "science of man"
Q5) Immanuel Kant
Q6) What role did women play in the development of the Enlightenment?
Page 8
Q7) Cesare Beccaria
Q8) Vindication of the Rights of Woman
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Chapter 6: The Eighteenth Century: European States, International
Wars, and Social Change
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Q1) Marie Antoinette
Q2) Richard Arkwright's "water-frame"
Q3) Under Frederick II "the Great" of Prussia, the most important offices in the government usually went to
A) high-ranking Lutheran churchmen.
B) members of the nobility.
C) university-educated bureaucrats.
D) French philosophes.
E) commoners who showed outstanding ability.
Q4) Emelyan Pugachev
Q5) The special legal privileges of the European nobility included all of the following except:
A) judgment by peers.
B) immunity from severe punishment.
C) exemptions from most forms of taxation.
D) guarantees against becoming poor.
E) access to military and civil offices.
Q6) French-Indian War
Q7) Seven Years' War
Q8) Frederick William I
Page 10
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Chapter 7: A Revolution in Politics: the Era of the French Revolution
and Napoleon
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122 Verified Questions
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Q1) A successful slave rebellion against French rule occurred in A) the Vendee.
B) Batavia.
C) Jamaica.
D) Haiti.
E) the Cameroons.
Q2) What group emerged as the most important radical element in French politics, at the beginning of the French Revolution?
A) Bonapartists
B) Papists
C) Communards
D) Loyalists
E) Jacobins
Q3) During the Reign of Terror, the majority of the victims were
A) nobles.
B) clergy.
C) middle class.
D) peasant and laboring classes.
E) the bourgeoisie.
Q4) escape to Varennes
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Chapter 8: The Industrial Revolution and Its Impact on European Society
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120 Verified Questions
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Sample Questions
Q1) cholera
Q2) The eighteenth century agricultural revolution in Britain reduced the cost of food, thus giving the British extra income to purchase items produced by the Industrial Revolution.
A)True
B)False
Q3) In the eighteenth century, India still struggled to find a viable industry for its labor force, given that cotton was not an option due to competition from England.
A)True
B)False
Q4) factory acts
Q5) Efforts at industrial reform in the 1830's and 1840's in Great Britain achieved all of the following except the
A) establishment of a national system of trade unions by 1847.
B) reduction of working hours for children to no more than 12 hours a day.
C) outlawing of women and children in coal mines.
D) requirement of daily education for working children.
E) appointment of government factory inspectors.
Q6) Why did the Industrial Revolution begin in Great Britain?
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Chapter 9: Reaction, Revolution, and Romanticism,
1815-1850
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Q1) The Reform Bill of 1832 in Britain primarily benefited the A) landed aristocracy.
B) peasants.
C) working class.
D) clergy.
E) upper middle-class.
Q2) The principles or concepts adopted at the Congress of Vienna in 1815 were legitimacy and the maintenance of the balance of power.
A)True
B)False
Q3) By 1815, following the Congress of Vienna, the Italian peninsula
A) was entirely unified as a single country.
B) remained divided into several states subject to the domination of other European powers.
C) had been devastated by the last campaigns of Napoleon.
D) had been completely annexed by Austria, a move confirmed by the Congress.
E) sunk into complete anarchy and chaos.
Q4) Concert of Europe
Q5) Joseph de Maistre and conservatism
Q6) Thomas Malthus
Page 14
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Chapter 10: An Age of Nationalism and Realism, 1850-1871
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Sample Questions
Q1) In addition to examining everyday life, the literary realists of the mid-nineteenth century were also interested in
A) completely avoiding romantic imagery, as shown in the works of Charles Dickens. B) employing emotional and poetic language to cause social reform.
C) avoiding sentimental language by using careful observation and description. D) showing the positive values of middle-class life.
E) using "stream of consciousness" techniques.
Q2) battles of Magenta and Solferino
Q3) The nation state of Germany was founded at the conclusion of the Franco-Prussian War of 1870-1871.
A)True
B)False
Q4) Ausgleich
Q5) battles of Sadowa and Sedan
Q6) Count Camillo di Cavour
Q7) "Despite the defeat of the revolutions of 1848, the forces of liberalism and nationalism triumphed after 1850." Discuss To what extent is this true in the Austrian Empire, Russia, and Great Britain?
Page 16
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Chapter 11: Mass Society in an Age of Progress, 1871-1894
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Sample Questions
Q1) cartels
Q2) the Reichstag
Q3) Spanish-American War
Q4) the "weekend"
Q5) European middle-class families during the late nineteenth century
A) were more concerned with displaying the work ethic than in displaying wealth and following proper decorum.
B) stressed functional knowledge for their children to prepare them for their future roles. C) prided themselves on doing the housework and cooking for their families.
D) increasingly became less cohesive as togetherness was no longer an important value.
E) increased in numbers but were weakened structurally as men abandoned their family focus in order to advance their lives professionally.
Q6) sweatshops and "sweating"
Q7) "yellow press"
Q8) white-collar jobs
Q9) Jean Jaures
Q10) Wilbur and Orville Wright
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Q1) Congress of Berlin
Q2) The Meiji Restoration in Japan
A) successfully accomplished the expulsion of all foreigners from the country.
B) created a political system democratic in form but rigidly authoritarian in practice.
C) concentrated on the reestablishment of feudal principles of decentralized government and native Japanese values.
D) sent many Japanese abroad to be educated in the ways of the west and adopted many western reforms in political and military organization. E) b and d
Q3) Theodor Herzl, the leader of the Zionist movement,
A) advocated the creation of a Jewish state in Palestine.
B) advocated the development of separate Jewish communities European cities.
C) argued that Jewish assimilation into western European society would only be complete when Jews renounced their religious beliefs.
D) argued that living conditions for Jews were better in eastern Europe than in western Europe.
E) demanded that war be declared against the Ottoman Empire.
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Chapter 13: The Beginning of the Twentieth-Century Crisis:
War and Revolution
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Q1) In August 1914, the perception of the upcoming war among Europeans was that
A) it would be the dawn of a new socialist Europe.
B) the war would be very short, possibly only weeks in duration.
C) it would mark the end of European civilization.
D) its long-term nature would revive Europe's suffering economy.
E) it would be avoided at the last minute, once the diplomats finally met together.
Q2) Ignoring the assassination of Francis Ferdinand of Austria-Hungary, was World War I inevitable?
Q3) Black Hand
Q4) How many men died at the ten-month Battle of Verdun?
A) 10,000
B) 100,000
C) 500,000
D) 700,000
E) 1 million
Q5) Write a brief history of the Russian Revolution by discussing the following questions: What caused the Russian Revolution? How did Lenin and the Bolsheviks manage to seize and hold power despite their small numbers? How did the Bolsheviks secure their power during the civil war?
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Chapter 14: The Futile Search for Stability: Europe Between
the Wars, 1919-1939
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Sample Questions
Q1) Franklin Roosevelt's New Deal policies in the United States
A) were successful by 1932.
B) virtually eliminated unemployment.
C) brought about government ownership of most industries.
D) brought about a partial economic recovery, but full employment did not return until World War II's rearmament.
E) were all declared unconstitutional by the Supreme Court.
Q2) Great Depression
Q3) League of Nations
Q4) Lenin's New Economic Policy was designed to
A) increase the production of food and consumer goods.
B) eliminate all private enterprise in Russia.
C) increase production in heavy industry.
D) fully initiate economic communism.
E) reduce political controls such as censorship.
Q5) Mussolini came to power and made Italy the first fascist nations in 1922 as the result of a violent civil war that drove King Victor Emmanuel III into exile.
A)True
B)False
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Chapter 15: The Deepening of the European Crisis: World
War Ii
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Q1) "The outcome of World War II guaranteed that a "cold war" would occur.Discuss, pro and con.
Q2) A major source of resistance to the Nazis came from
A) the German people who became effective at internal sabotage of Nazi plans.
B) Communists throughout Europe, especially after the German invasion of Russia in 1941.
C) the Vichy regime in France.
D) the Austrians who felt that they should be the leaders of the Aryan race in Europe. E) escapees from the internment camps who organized resistance movements against the Germans.
Q3) Anglo-German Naval Pact
Q4) Immediately following the fall of Poland
A) France and Britain declared war and started an offensive against Germany.
B) France and Britain decided to continue to appease Hitler.
C) France and Britain declared war, but remained relatively inactive militarily.
D) Germany turned on its Russian allies.
E) France was invaded by Franco's Spain.
Q5) Manchukuo
Q6) Rome-Berlin Axis
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Chapter 16: Cold War and a New Western World, 1945-1965
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Q1) What were the major political developments in the history of the Soviet Union from 1945 to 1970? How did Soviet policies affect the history of Eastern Europe?
Q2) Which one of the following does not characterize life in the United States during the presidency of Dwight Eisenhower?
A) Real wages grew.
B) The New Deal programs continued.
C) The "Red Scare" intensified.
D) The Civil Rights Movement had successes.
E) The United States withdrew into isolationism.
Q3) African National Congress
Q4) European Coal and Steel Community
Q5) Mahatma Gandhi and an "orgy of blood"
Q6) Discuss the events that divided the world into two heavily armed camps capable of obliterating one another with nuclear weapons carried by intercontinental missile systems.
Q7) "missile gap"
Q8) EEC/Common Market
Q9) Andy Warhol and Pop Art
Q10) "containment"
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Chapter 17: Protest and Stagnation: the Western World,
1965-1985
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Q1) Identify and discuss the causes and the consequences of the student rebellions of the 1960s and 1970s.
Q2) The American president who helped maintain a Vietnam-like war in Afghanistan the by aiding anti-Soviet insurgents was
A) Richard Nixon.
B) Ronald Reagan.
C) George H.W.Bush.
D) Bill Clinton.
E) George W.Bush.
Q3) Unlike America's Ronald Reagan, Britain's Margaret Thatcher had little interest in foreign policy or international affairs.
A)True
B)False
Q4) Timothy Leary and LSD
Q5) Compare and contrast America war in Vietnam and the Soviet Union's conflict in Afghanistan.
Q6) Olivier Messiaen and serialism
Q7) Italy's Eurocommunism
Q8) Falklands Island/war
Page 23
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Chapter 18: After the Fall: the Western World in a Global Age
Since 1985
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Q1) Slobodan Milosevic and "ethnic cleansing"
Q2) The Russian president after Boris Yeltsin was
A) Mikhail Gorbachev.
B) Vladimir Putin.
C) Nikita Khrushchev.
D) Dmitry Medvedev.
E) Gary Kasparov.
Q3) Pope John Paul II
Q4) British Prime Minister, Tony Blair, said that "We are realizing how fragile are our frontiers...Today, conflicts rarely stay within national boundaries."
A)True
B)False
Q5) the Taliban and war in Afghanistan
Q6) The reunification of Germany after the fall of the Berlin Wall led to the immediate emergence of considerable prosperity in the former Eastern Germany.
A)True
B)False
Q7) e-mail, cell phones, and the iPod
Q8) Tony Blair and Gordon Brown
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