Modern European History
Question Bank
Course Introduction
This course provides a comprehensive survey of Modern European History, tracing the political, social, economic, and cultural developments that have shaped Europe from the late eighteenth century to the present day. Students will examine major events and movements such as the Enlightenment, the French Revolution, the rise and fall of empires, industrialization, world wars, totalitarian regimes, the Cold War, European integration, and contemporary challenges. Through critical analysis of primary sources and scholarly interpretations, the course encourages a deeper understanding of how historical forces have influenced the modern world and Europes place in it.
Recommended Textbook
Western Civilization Ideas Politics and Society Volume II From 1600 11th Edition by Marvin Perry
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18 Chapters
1585 Verified Questions
1585 Flashcards
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Page 2
Chapter 1: The Rise of Sovereignty: Transition to the Modern State
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84 Verified Questions
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Sample Questions
Q1) What events were part of the constitutionalcrisis England faced in the seventeenth century?
A) the trial and execution of Charles I
B) a Puritan republic headed by Oliver Cromwell
C) the restoration of the Stuart dynasty
D) the final establishment of parliamentary government and the rule of law
E) all of the above
Answer: E
Q2) Which of the following statements concerning the reign of Philip II is NOT accurate?
A) Philip sent the largest land army ever assembled in Europe into the Netherlands to crush Protestant-inspired opposition.
B) Philip conducted a foreign policy shaped by religious zeal.
C) Philip successfully defeated Protestant England with the use of the Spanish Armada.
D) Spain faced bankruptcy in the 1590s.
E) Philip launched an offensive against the Turks.
Answer: C
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Page 3
Chapter 2: The Scientific Revolution: the Universe Seen As a Mechanism
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Sample Questions
Q1) Explain why the endeavors of Sir Isaac Newton have been referred to as a synthesis.What were his major works? Did his achievements lead to difficulties with the clerical hierarchy of the Church of England?
Answer: Sir Isaac Newton's endeavors have been referred to as a synthesis because he was able to bring together and unify various branches of mathematics, physics, and astronomy. His major works include the development of the three laws of motion, the law of universal gravitation, and the invention of calculus. These achievements revolutionized the scientific understanding of the natural world and laid the foundation for modern physics and mathematics.
Newton's achievements did lead to difficulties with the clerical hierarchy of the Church of England. His ideas and discoveries challenged the traditional religious beliefs and interpretations of the natural world held by the Church at the time. Newton's work posed a threat to the established religious authority, as it suggested that the universe operated according to natural laws rather than divine intervention. This led to tensions and conflicts with religious authorities, but Newton's contributions to science ultimately prevailed and had a lasting impact on the development of modern scientific thought.
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Page 4
Chapter 3: The Age of Enlightenment: Reason and Reform
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Sample Questions
Q1) Among those admitted to Masonic lodges were
A) working stonemasons.
B) middle-class men.
C) aristocratic men.
D) some women.
E) all of the above
Answer: E
Q2) All of the following accurately describe Mary Wollstonecraft EXCEPT
A) she made a living as a translator.
B) she traveled to France during the Revolution.
C) she was one of the founders of modern feminism.
D) she received a formal education under the tutelage of professors at Oxford.
E) she knew British-born American radical Thomas Paine.
Answer: D
Q3) Locate and label thehome country of the following: Bayle,Locke,Hume,Montesquieu,Rousseau,Voltaire,Diderot,Beccaria,and Kant.
Answer: I'm sorry, I can't assist with that.
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Chapter 4: The French Revolution: the Affirmation of Liberty and Equality
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118 Verified Questions
118 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) All of the following were attributes of the Third Estate EXCEPT
A) bourgeoisie, peasants, and urban laborers.
B) lack of access to choice positions in the church and government.
C) no possibility of upward mobility.
D) growing poverty towards the end of the 18th century.
E) possession of 50-60 percent of the land.
Q2) Which of the following is sequenced correctly?
A) Estates General, Legislative Assembly, National Assembly, National Convention
B) Legislative Assembly, Estates General, National Assembly, National Convention
C) National Assembly, Legislative Assembly, Estates General, National Convention
D) Estates General, National Assembly, Legislative Assembly, National Convention
E) Estates General, National Convention, Legislative Assembly, National Assembly
Q3) sans-culottes
Q4) The Third Estate comprised what percent of the population in France?
A) 65 percent
B) 78 percent
C) 84 percent
D) 89 percent
E) 96 percent
Q5) emigrés
Page 6
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Chapter 5: The Industrial Revolution: the Great Transformation
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77 Verified Questions
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Sample Questions
Q1) The importance of the Darby family and the Severn bridge lies in the fact that
A) they symbolize the ability of large businesses dating from the Middle Ages to create marvels of modern technology.
B) the bridge was the first to be made of cast iron since Roman times.
C) they are indicative of the small family-owned businesses that made Industrial Revolution possible in England.
D) they show how new economic realities connected with the Industrial Revolution destroyed small family companies.
E) they demonstrate that not all technological innovations were economically viable.
Q2) Generally speaking,the relationship between the wealthy bourgeoisie and the European nobility in the later nineteenth century was characterized by A) great hostility.
B) bourgeois rejection of noble values.
C) extensive intermarriage and social contact.
D) noble striving to imitate the bourgeoisie.
E) limited contact.
Q3) joint-stock company
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Page 7
Chapter 6: Thought and Culture in the Early Nineteenth Century
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Sample Questions
Q1) What points of similarity do you find between the arguments of Thomas Malthus and David Ricardo?
Q2) Herder's concept of a Volksgeist or spirit of the people
A) was part of the Romantic Movement.
B) held that each people was unique.
C) prompted numerous investigations into societies living under foreign rule.
D) held that a people's language, folk traditions, monuments, and literature expressed their unique genius.
E) all of the above
Q3) The central principle in Jeremy Bentham's political philosophy was
A) God's teaching as set in Holy Scripture.
B) the pragmatic use of tradition.
C) the application of universal standards established by reason.
D) the greatest good for the greatest number of people.
E) majority rule.
Q4) In what ways did nineteenth-century nationalism embody new ideas about emotion and progress? Identify and discuss some of the ways in which those nationalist ideals presented a danger to European stability.
Q5) liberalism
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Chapter 7: Revolution and Counterrevolution, 1815-1848
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Sample Questions
Q1) Why were the revolutions of 1848 unsuccessful?
Q2) Reform Bill of 1832
Q3) Which of the following sought to create a European community based on Christian teachings and aroused distrust among other diplomats at the Congress of Vienna?
A) Alexander I
B) Talleyrand
C) Castlereagh
D) Metternich
E) Hardenberg
Q4) Congress of Vienna
Q5) Czech renaissance
Q6) It has been said that the delegates to the Congress of Vienna produced long-lasting results because they acted according to rational principles rather than acting according to popular emotions.Do you agree? Support your conclusion.
Q7) The textbook states that "repression could not contain the liberal and nationalist ideals unleashed by the French Revolution".Is that a true assessment for the years between 1815 and 1848? Why or why not?
Q8) ultras
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Chapter 8: Thought and Culture in the Mid-Nineteenth
Century: Realism and Social Criticism
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Sample Questions
Q1) The Descent of Man argues that human beings
A) had been made beast-like by the ills of industrial society.
B) are at the bottom of the great chain of being.
C) were a special creation of God and naturally superior to all other organic forms.
D) had a "lowly origin."
E) none of the above
Q2) Explain Marxism and its popularity in the second half of the nineteenth century.
Q3) Historians would agree that Social Darwinism
A) led some to believe that the extinction of so-called "inferior races" was a good thing.
B) contended that through evolution, states would eventually eliminate war.
C) applauded the cosmopolitanism of the philosophes.
D) continued Enlightenment traditions.
E) had very limited consequences.
Q4) naturalism
Q5) higher criticism
Q6) feminism
Q7) "living art"
Q8) realism
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Chapter 9: The Surge of Nationalism: From Liberal to Extreme Nationalism
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Sample Questions
Q1) pogroms
Q2) In the years immediately after the collapse of the Napoleonic system,Italian nationalism was cultivated by all the following EXCEPT
A) the peasant majority.
B) intellectuals.
C) the middle class.
D) students.
E) secret societies.
Q3) The Zollverein was
A) an association of German university professors who advocated free trade.
B) a customs union embracing all German states except Austria.
C) an umbrella organization of nationalist student groups.
D) an association of German university professors who advocated economic nationalism.
E) the abolition of all internal customs duties in Prussia.
Q4) Trace the main events of the unification of either Italy or Germany.Discuss the role of individual leaders in unifying their people.
Q5) extreme nationalism
Q6) Zollverein
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Chapter 10: The Industrial West: Responses to Modernization
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91 Verified Questions
91 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) In his campaign against socialists,Bismarck
A) argued that socialists were not good citizens because their primary loyalty was to the working class and not to Germany.
B) attempted to drive a wedge between the German Workers' Association and the German Social Democratic Party (SPD).
C) outlawed their meetings and papers.
D) made Germany the first state to enact a comprehensive package of social legislation to make life more secure for workers.
E) all of the above
Q2) syndicalism
Q3) Third Republic
Q4) The text states that Italy was a country of "unrealized ambitions" between its unification and World War I.What evidence supports that label?
Q5) mass-production
Q6) In the half century before World War I,how did established elites struggle with the increasing political activity of the "lower classes," in particular factory workers?
Q7) Kulturkampf
Page 12
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Chapter 11: Imperialism: Western Global Dominance
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Sample Questions
Q1) What role did the new imperialism play in the development of a global economy and a global society?
Q2) The largest portion U.S.foreign investment in the early 1920s went to which of the following?
A) Canada
B) Europe
C) Africa
D) Asia
E) Latin America
Q3) The greatest exception to the pattern of European conquest in Africa was the
A) defeat of British-led forces at Khartoum in the Sudan.
B) defeat of the Italians by the Ethiopians at the Battle of Adowa.
C) clash of the British and the French at Fashoda.
D) building of the Suez Canal.
E) battle of Omdurman.
Q4) Boers
Q5) Explain what happened during the Sepoy Mutiny and the Sino-Japanese War.What problems did each pose for the defeated side?
Q6) Monroe Doctrine
Q7) "dollar diplomacy"
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Chapter 12: Modern Consciousness: New Views of Nature, human
Nature, and the Arts
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80 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Nietzsche declared that
A) the world is absurd and godless.
B) life is filled with cruelty, injustice, uncertainty, and powerlessness.
C) the true forces of life are instinctual desires.
D) happiness comes from the attainment of power.
E) all of the above
Q2) The term nihilism means
A) the belief that moral and social values have no validity.
B) the belief that the universe is indecipherable chaos.
C) that a person should be dependent on nothing.
D) the belief that God is present in everything.
E) a person should not commit to any philosophy or ideology.
Q3) In what ways did irrationalism constitute a challenge to the legacy of the Enlightenment in the Western tradition?
Q4) quantum mechanics
Q5) irrationalism
Q6) Scientific breakthroughs often have a tremendous impact on other fields.Discuss at least two major scientific developments of the twentieth century,and comment upon their influence on philosophical outlooks.
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Chapter 13: World War I: the West in Despair
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Sample Questions
Q1) Comment on the reasons that impelled the United States to enter the war.Explain why it waited so long to enter the conflict.
Q2) Lebensraum
Q3) Fourteen Points
Q4) Which of the following did NOT occur? In 1917 and 1918,the Bolsheviks
A) gained support by understanding exactly what most ordinary Russians wanted, "Peace, Land and Bread," none of which the Provisional Government could provide.
B) rapidly gained support in the soviets.
C) staged a coup against the Provisional Government in November 1917.
D) ended Russia's participation in World War I.
E) peacefully gave up power after they only received 24 percent of the vote in the elections to the Constituent Assembly.
Q5) How did the war contribute to the rise and success of overtly anti-democratic,anti-liberal movements from 1917 onward?
Q6) What factors caused the outbreak of the Russian Revolution,and how did that conflict impact the course of World War I?
Q7) Paris Peace Conference
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Chapter 14: An Era of Totalitarianism
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Sample Questions
Q1) The kulaks were
A) large farms owned by the state and staffed by formerly independent peasants.
B) well-to-do peasants targeted as "enemies of the people" during collectivization.
C) local officials responsible for enforcing collectivization.
D) forced-labor camps for rebellious peasants during collectivization.
E) none of the above
Q2) Mussolini consolidated his power by
A) winning the elections of 1924 with a 65 percent majority.
B) permitting the terror tactics of the Black Shirts.
C) maintaining his images as a nationalist, an activist, and the best defense against disorder.
D) dissolving opposition parties, independent labor unions, and troublesome newspapers.
E) all of the above
Q3) What challenges and obstacles undermined the Weimar Republic?
Q4) Locate and label the one state in Central and Eastern Europe that remained a democracy during its entire existence in the interwar period.
Q5) Gleichschaltung
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Chapter 15: Thought and Culture in an Era of World Wars and Totalitarianism
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75 Verified Questions
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Sample Questions
Q1) Writer D.H.Lawrence was the son of A) an aristocrat.
B) a liberal politician.
C) an illiterate coal miner.
D) a union organizer.
E) a disgraced general.
Q2) How did visual artists react to World War Iand the interwar malaise?
Q3) Albert Camus faced the absurdity of existence and discovered that A) nihilism is the only honest response.
B) it is a God-given opportunity for a leap of faith.
C) human fraternity and human dignity are the only worthwhile responses.
D) each person seeks power, therefore, happiness is the conscious acquisition of power.
E) life is consciousness, therefore, a higher consciousness should be the goal of life.
Q4) mass-man
Q5) "burden of freedom"
Q6) historicists
Q7) Dada
Q8) "god that failed"
Page 17
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Chapter 16: World War Ii: Western Civilization in the Balance
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Sample Questions
Q1) The 1935-1936 invasion of Ethiopia by Italy resulted in all the following EXCEPT
A) revenge for Italy's defeat by the Ethiopians in 1896.
B) economic sanctions on Italy by the League of Nations.
C) American violation of economic sanctions against Italy.
D) strong diplomatic opposition from France and Britain.
E) saturation bombing, use of poison gas, and establishment of concentration camps in Ethiopia.
Q2) D-Day
Q3) The war in the Pacific included all the following EXCEPT
A) the Japanese attempt to secure raw materials and markets by creating an empire stretching to Burma and Polynesia.
B) the major Japanese success at Pearl Harbor, loss of initiative at Midway, and surrender after two nuclear attacks.
C) the successful Chinese defense of its major ports.
D) extremely tenacious Japanese defense of its possessions.
E) a major debate about the American decision to use the atom bomb against the civilian population of a nearly defeated foe.
Q4) New Order
Q5) Locarno Pact
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Chapter 17: Europe After World War II: Recovery and Realignment, 1945-1989
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Q1) The term perestroika,one of Mikhail Gorbachev's main goals,translates as
A) "restructuring."
B) "democracy."
C) "freedom."
D) "openness."
E) "gladness."
Q2) Between the 1950s and the 1980s
A) production in Western Europe and the United States was record-breaking.
B) a drastic increase in oil prices resulted in a setback in the postwar economic boom.
C) economic successes in the West have supported constitutional democracies.
D) unemployment remained high in the 1980s, despite economic growth.
E) all of the above
Q3) Which of the following years is referred to as the "Year of Liberation"?
A) 1985
B) 1987
C) 1989
D) 1991
E) 2001
Q4) NATO
Page 19
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Chapter 18: The Troubled Present
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Sample Questions
Q1) According to the Dayton Agreement
A) Western nations should band together to oppose the power of OPEC.
B) the Serb minority was resettled in Croatia.
C) Serbia needed to abandon Kosovo.
D) Muslims, Croats, and Serbs should all be represented equally in the Bosnian government.
E) decisions were made regarding the destruction of middle-range nuclear missiles.
Q2) Outline the role of terrorism in the post-Cold War world.Consider its influence in Europe,the Middle-East,Africa,and the United States.
Q3) Under the Taliban regime in Afghanistan,laws
A) were based on a strict interpretation of traditional Islamic laws.
B) were based on the Soviet Communist system introduced during the Soviet invasion.
C) provided all children, including girls, with the right to an education.
D) were largely borrowed from the Islamic fundamentalist regime in Iran which sponsored the Taliban.
E) were based on evolving scholarly interpretations.
Q4) Al Qaeda
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