Mind and Brain Test Preparation
Course Introduction
This course explores the intricate relationship between the mind and the brain by examining foundational concepts in cognitive neuroscience and psychology. Students will investigate how mental processes such as perception, memory, language, and consciousness are rooted in neural activity. By integrating perspectives from neuroscience, philosophy, and psychology, the course aims to illuminate how brain structures give rise to experiences and behaviors, as well as contemporary debates around topics like neuroplasticity, mental representation, and the nature of consciousness. Through lectures, discussions, and hands-on activities, participants will gain a deeper understanding of how the brain enables the mind, and the implications for fields such as medicine, artificial intelligence, and ethics.
Recommended Textbook
Cognitive Neuroscience 3rd Edition by Michael S. Gazzaniga
Available Study Resources on Quizplus
15 Chapters
949 Verified Questions
949 Flashcards
Source URL: https://quizplus.com/study-set/1136
Page 2
Chapter 1: A Brief History of Cognitive Neuroscience
Available Study Resources on Quizplus for this Chatper
55 Verified Questions
55 Flashcards
Source URL: https://quizplus.com/quiz/22291
Sample Questions
Q1) Which of the following things would have been the most difficult for the famous individual described by Carl Wernicke,compared to before his stroke?
A)Understanding a speech
B)Painting a picture
C)Singing a song
D)Riding a horse
Answer: A
Q2) Who is known as the father of modern neuroscience?
A)Pierre Paul Broca
B)Sir Charles Sherrington
C)Gustav Theodor Fritsch
D)Santiago Ramón y Cajal
Answer: D
Q3) Empiricism is the philosophical position that all knowledge
A)must be deduced and justified through reason.
B)originates from sensory experience.
C)must be experimentally tested.
D)is globally distributed in the cortex.
Answer: B
To view all questions and flashcards with answers, click on the resource link above.
Page 3
Chapter 2: Cellular Mechanisms and Cognition
Available Study Resources on Quizplus for this Chatper
65 Verified Questions
65 Flashcards
Source URL: https://quizplus.com/quiz/22292
Sample Questions
Q1) The two main classes of cell in the nervous system are
A)dendrites and axons.
B)axons and neurons.
C)neurons and glial cells.
D)glial cells and dendrites.
Answer: C
Q2) The effect of a given neurotransmitter on a postsynaptic neuron
A)is always either excitatory or inhibitory.
B)depends on the properties of the postsynaptic neuron.
C)may be modulated by the presence or absence of another neurotransmitter.
D)Both b and c are true.
Answer: D
Q3) The ease with which a cell membrane will permit ions to cross it is referred to as
A)the concentration gradient.
B)permeability.
C)the action potential.
D)conductivity.
Answer: B
To view all questions and flashcards with answers, click on the resource link above.
4
Chapter 3: Neuroanatomy and Development
Available Study Resources on Quizplus for this Chatper
75 Verified Questions
75 Flashcards
Source URL: https://quizplus.com/quiz/22293
Sample Questions
Q1) Following a focal brain injury,a patient shows great difficulty in discriminating tones that differ in frequency.Which area of the cortex is most likely affected?
A)The superior temporal lobe
B)The inferior temporal lobe
C)The anterior parietal lobe
D)The posterior parietal lobe
Answer: A
Q2) ________ is the idea that the columnar organization in the adult cortex is derived during development from the cells dividing in the ventricular region.
A)Topographic mapping
B)The sensory homunculus
C)The radial unit hypothesis
D)The ventricular zone hypothesis
Answer: C
Q3) The hippocampus is considered part of the neocortex.
A)True
B)False
Answer: False
To view all questions and flashcards with answers, click on the resource link above. Page 5
Chapter 4: Methods of Cognitive Neuroscience
Available Study Resources on Quizplus for this Chatper
64 Verified Questions
64 Flashcards
Source URL: https://quizplus.com/quiz/22294
Sample Questions
Q1) Weaver mice are a knockout strain in which Purkinje cells,the prominent cell type in the hippocampus,fail to develop.As a result,these mice are "maze-dull."
A)True
B)False
Q2) Which of the following imaging techniques can be thought of as a three-dimensional X-ray?
A)MRI (magnetic resonance imaging)
B)CT (computed tomography)
C)fMRI (functional magnetic resonance imaging)
D)PET (positron emission tomography)
Q3) The greatest advantage of incorporating computer modeling into the study of a cognitive phenomenon is that
A)this approach best demonstrates the limitations of information processing in natural cognition.
B)computers can analyze a larger amount of data than can real brains.
C)the function of computer models is directly equivalent to brain function.
D)this technique can generate explicit,testable theories of natural cognition.
Q4) What are some strengths and limitations of computational models as a method in cognitive neuroscience?
To view all questions and flashcards with answers, click on the resource link above. Page 6
Chapter 5: Sensation and Perception
Available Study Resources on Quizplus for this Chatper
65 Verified Questions
65 Flashcards
Source URL: https://quizplus.com/quiz/22295
Sample Questions
Q1) The two ears of the barn owl are positioned asymmetrically on the head,improving sound localization in the vertical direction.
A)True
B)False
Q2) Of the following choices,the strongest evidence for a link between the sense of smell and the triggering of memories is the observation that
A)the olfactory cortex has direct connectivity to the limbic cortex. B)the olfactory cortex has direct connectivity to area MT.
C)people with damage to the basal ganglia have compromised odor recognition. D)people with damage to the cerebellum have compromised odor recognition.
Q3) Different parts of the body are represented in the primary somatosensory cortex in proportion to their size.
A)True
B)False
Q4) Through a process known as retronasal olfaction,odorants from the mouth can travel back up into the nasal cavity.
A)True
B)False
To view all questions and flashcards with answers, click on the resource link above.
Chapter 6: Object Recognition
Available Study Resources on Quizplus for this Chatper
65 Verified Questions
65 Flashcards
Source URL: https://quizplus.com/quiz/22296
Sample Questions
Q1) You,a neurologist,have just met a patient who suffered a stroke last year and is having trouble identifying objects.Could this person be experiencing visual agnosia? What tasks could you ask the patient to perform to help you determine the source of the problem?
Q2) A major distinction in the study of visual agnosia is that between apperceptive agnosia and associative agnosia.
A)True
B)False
Q3) Patients with ________ have a deficit in recognizing visually presented objects due to problems in the ventral stream.
A)prosopagnosia
B)acquired alexia
C)associative agnosia
D)apperceptive agnosia
Q4) Selective damage to the primary visual cortex typically leads to visual agnosia.
A)True
B)False
Q5) It has been suggested that the fusiform gyrus is specialized for processing faces.What are the sources of evidence for and against this position?
To view all questions and flashcards with answers, click on the resource link above. Page 8
Chapter 7: The Control of Action
Available Study Resources on Quizplus for this Chatper
65 Verified Questions
65 Flashcards
Source URL: https://quizplus.com/quiz/22297
Sample Questions
Q1) Lesions to the pyramidal motor tract would produce difficulty in moving effectors on which side of the body?
A)The contralateral side.
B)The ipsilateral side.
C)Both the contralateral and ipsilateral sides.
D)Neither side: The pyramidal neurons do not innervate effector muscles.
Q2) Corticospinal fibers originate primarily in the A)cerebellum.
B)supplementary motor area.
C)premotor cortex.
D)primary motor cortex.
Q3) Which of the following types of motor behavior probably relies the most on the function of a central pattern generator?
A)Walking
B)Speaking
C)Drawing
D)Juggling
Q4) How is the planning of a complex movement hierarchical? Provide an example.
To view all questions and flashcards with answers, click on the resource link above. Page 9
Chapter 8: Learning and Memory
Available Study Resources on Quizplus for this Chatper
64 Verified Questions
64 Flashcards
Source URL: https://quizplus.com/quiz/22298
Sample Questions
Q1) Describe the Baddeley-Hitch model of working memory.In your answer,provide the names and descriptions for the three major components of the model,along with their likely neurological correlates.
Q2) ________ is the process of acquiring new information,whereas ________ is the trace that results from this process and can be revealed at a later time.
A)Recall / recognition
B)Recognition / recall
C)Learning / memory
D)Memory / learning
Q3) People with amnesia often show preserved implicit learning and nondeclarative memory.
A)True
B)False
Q4) Patient H.M.is to the ________ as patients with Korsakoff's syndrome are to the
A)medial temporal lobes / cerebellum
B)cerebellum / diencephalon
C)diencephalon / medial temporal lobes
D)medial temporal lobes / diencephalon
To view all questions and flashcards with answers, click on the resource link above. Page 10
Chapter 9: Emotion
Available Study Resources on Quizplus for this Chatper
45 Verified Questions
45 Flashcards
Source URL: https://quizplus.com/quiz/22299
Sample Questions
Q1) Lesions to the amygdala ________ unconditioned responses to aversive events,________ the ability to acquire and express a conditioned response to neutral stimuli.
A)do not block / nor do they block
B)do not block / but they do block
C)block / but they do not block
D)block / and they also block
Q2) The human orbitofrontal cortex can be divided into two regions: the ________ and the ________.
A)ventromedial prefrontal cortex / lateral orbitofrontal cortex
B)lateral orbitofrontal cortex / anterior cingulate cortex
C)anterior cingulate cortex / frontal operculum
D)frontal operculum / ventromedial prefrontal cortex
Q3) One of the two pathways of the amygdala is known as the "low road." This pathway can be characterized as ________ and involves a ________.
A)"slow and analytical" / direct signal from the thalamus to the amygdala
B)"slow and analytical" / projection to the cortex
C)"quick and dirty" / direct signal from the thalamus to the amygdala
D)"quick and dirty" / projection to the cortex
To view all questions and flashcards with answers, click on the resource link above.
Page 11
Chapter 10: Language
Available Study Resources on Quizplus for this Chatper
63 Verified Questions
63 Flashcards
Source URL: https://quizplus.com/quiz/22300
Sample Questions
Q1) How can the event-related potential (ERP)technique be applied to language? Describe two ERP components that have been studied in a psycholinguistic context,and give examples of the kinds of stimuli that elicit them.
Q2) The observation that we can understand the speech of different speakers,regardless of variations in the pitches of the speakers' voices,the speakers' rates of speech,and the speakers' dialects,indicates that
A)the prosodic components of speech have little functional significance in speech comprehension.
B)the recognition of spoken words depends on orthography rather than other aspects of language.
C)speech comprehension involves semantic analysis of words rather than phonological analysis of words.
D)speech recognition cannot rely on the direct matching of specific sounds to language representations in memory.
Q3) Modular models of language comprehension argue for a high degree of interactivity between different specialized modules.
A)True
B)False
To view all questions and flashcards with answers, click on the resource link above.
12
Chapter 11: Hemispheric Specialization
Available Study Resources on Quizplus for this Chatper
64 Verified Questions
64 Flashcards
Source URL: https://quizplus.com/quiz/22301
Sample Questions
Q1) In an experiment testing their views about hemispheric specialization,Wolford and colleagues (2000)presented the visual fields of split-brain patients with red stimuli on 75% of the trials and with green stimuli on 25% of the trials.The predictions made by the patients concerning whether a red or green stimulus would occur on the next trial suggested that the ________ hemisphere tends to take a ________ strategy,which in this case meant guessing red on every trial.
A)left / matching
B)left / maximizing
C)right / matching
D)right / maximizing
Q2) Which of the following is NOT true of the Wada test?
A)It entails the injection of amobarbital.
B)It can be used to determine which hemisphere is language dominant.
C)It determines the extent to which the corpus callosum has been resected.
D)It is used before elective surgery for the treatment of epilepsy.
Q3) The spatial-frequency hypothesis suggests that the representation of spatial frequency might be the computational basis for hemispheric asymmetries in visual perception.
A)True
B)False
To view all questions and flashcards with answers, click on the resource link above. Page 13
Chapter 12: Attention and Consciousness
Available Study Resources on Quizplus for this Chatper
64 Verified Questions
64 Flashcards
Source URL: https://quizplus.com/quiz/22302
Sample Questions
Q1) Which of the following phenomena is the most consciously mediated?
A)Inhibition of return
B)Reflexive attention
C)Exogenous cuing
D)Endogenous cuing
Q2) Research using a voluntary cuing experimental design has shown that
A)attention can be directed to both spatial and nonspatial features of target stimuli,but only by exogenous cues.
B)attention can be directed only to spatial features of target stimuli,and only by exogenous cues.
C)attention can be directed in advance to both spatial and nonspatial features of target stimuli.
D)attention can be directed in advance only to spatial features of target stimuli.
Q3) The ability to direct attention independently of gaze or eye fixation is called A)overt attention.
B)covert attention.
C)the attentional spotlight.
D)visual search.
To view all questions and flashcards with answers, click on the resource link above.
14
Chapter 13: Cognitive Control
Available Study Resources on Quizplus for this Chatper
65 Verified Questions
65 Flashcards
Source URL: https://quizplus.com/quiz/22303
Sample Questions
Q1) In general,increased activity in the anterior cingulate cortex has been observed when participants perform tasks that have any of the following properties EXCEPT
A)the task requires planning and decision making.
B)the task involves well-learned or automatic responses.
C)the task is likely to require error correction.
D)the task requires a response that competes with another strong habitual response.
Q2) Which of the following is NOT a situation that you would expect to engage the supervisory attentional system?
A)One that engages a specific schema control unit
B)One that requires planning or decision making
C)One that requires error detection
D)One that is difficult
Q3) The ability to organize and segregate events in memory is called
A)source memory.
B)working memory.
C)perseveration.
D)recency memory.
To view all questions and flashcards with answers, click on the resource link above.
15
Chapter 14: Social Cognition
Available Study Resources on Quizplus for this Chatper
65 Verified Questions
65 Flashcards
Source URL: https://quizplus.com/quiz/22304
Sample Questions
Q1) The dorsolateral prefrontal cortex plays a strong role in forming impressions about the internal states of other people.
A)True
B)False
Q2) In the experimental economics task known as the Ultimatum Game,one participant must choose how to split a sum of money with another player.The second player can choose to accept the offer-or to reject it,upon which neither player receives anything.Consideration of unfair offers is associated with activity in the ________,an area that has been associated with disgust.
A)superior temporal sulcus
B)orbitofrontal cortex
C)cingulate cortex
D)insula
Q3) Raine (2002)has argued that ________ people are likely to show evidence of reduced neural activity in the orbitofrontal cortex.
A)depressed
B)antisocial
C)manic
D)socially adept
To view all questions and flashcards with answers, click on the resource link above.
Page 16
Chapter 15: Evolutionary Perspectives
Available Study Resources on Quizplus for this Chatper
65 Verified Questions
65 Flashcards
Source URL: https://quizplus.com/quiz/22305
Sample Questions
Q1) Consider the following conditional statements:
(1)If there is a D on one side of the card,then there is a 3 on the other side.
(2)If you drink alcohol,then you must be over 21 years old.
Which of the following results would undermine Cosmides's (1984)belief that better performance in applying statements like (2)compared to (1)reflects a specially evolved cheater detection system?
A)A study illustrating that the difference in processing sentences like (1)compared to sentences like (2)is especially large in socially adept people
B)A study illustrating that participants understand statements like (2)well across a wide variety of social situations and always misunderstand such statements when they are nonsocial in nature
C)A study illustrating that participants understand conditional statements any time they can be concretely conceptualized in a way that does not involve the if-then clause,even when the content is not social
D)A study illustrating that after participants are trained in formal logic,the difference between their performance on sentences like (1)and (2)diminishes
Q2) What is the difference between an adaptation and an exaptation?
To view all questions and flashcards with answers, click on the resource link above.
Page 17