Methodology in Criminal Justice Test Bank
Course Introduction
Methodology in Criminal Justice explores the research methods and analytical techniques used to study crime, criminal behavior, and the justice system. The course examines both qualitative and quantitative approaches, including surveys, interviews, observational studies, and statistical analysis. Students learn how to design research projects, collect and interpret data, and critically evaluate existing literature in the field. Emphasis is placed on ethical considerations, validity, reliability, and the practical application of research findings to inform policy and practice within criminal justice settings.
Recommended Textbook
Essentials of Research Methods for Criminal Justice 3rd Edition by Frank E. Hagan
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11 Chapters
835 Verified Questions
835 Flashcards
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Page 2
Chapter 1: Introduction to Criminal Justice
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99 Verified Questions
99 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Common sense was described in the text as generally a poor guide for accurate criminal justice research.
A)True
B)False
Answer: True
Q2) Variables are converted into concepts through the process of operationalization.
A)True
B)False
Answer: False
Q3) Most of the research methods employed in criminal justice are borrowed from and shared with the other social sciences.
A)True
B)False
Answer: False
Q4) Quantitative research is of a higher order and is superior to qualitative research.
A)True
B)False
Answer: False
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Page 3
Chapter 2: Ethics in Criminal Justice Research
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91 Verified Questions
91 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Under the HHS guidelines most research involving survey or interview procedures is exempt from regulation.
A)True
B)False
Answer: True
Q2) Tierney's study of Darkness in El Dorado dealt with:
A) Mistreatment of orphan stutterers
B) Schizophrenic youth being encouraged to discontinue their medication
C) The death of a graduate student in the Himalayas
D) Unethical treatment of the Yanomami tribe in Brazil
Answer: D
Q3) Weppner feels that a strict interpretation of the old HEW guidelines would have made street ethnography impossible.
A)True
B)False
Answer: True
Q4) _________________ laws constitute a governmental immunity from prosecution, a state-guaranteed right to confidentiality for researchers if they are subpoenaed.
Answer: Shield laws
Page 4
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Chapter 3: Research Design: the Experimental Model and Its
Variations
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103 Verified Questions
103 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) _________________ takes place when respondent awareness of being studied tends to produce atypical or unnatural behavior on the part of subjects.
Answer: Reactivity
Q2) What was the major explanation for the widespread acceptance of the results of the Minneapolis Domestic Violence Experi ment by the U.S.law enforcement community?
A) the replications which confirmed the Minneapolis findings
B) the very aggressive dissemination of the study's findings
C) the liberal tenor of the times
D) the popularity of proactive patrol
Answer: B
Q3) Longitudinal studies involve the study of the same group over a period of time. A)True
B)False
Answer: True
Q4) _________________ designs are studies of the same group over a period of time.
Answer: Longitudinal
Q5) _________________ occurs when researchers choose nonequivalent groups for comparison.
Answer: Selection bias
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Chapter 4: The Uniform Crime Reports and Sampling
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91 Verified Questions
91 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) The number of state UCR programs has increased since the sixties.
A)True
B)False
Q2) Which of the following was not mentioned as a limitation of the UCR?
A) includes too many white collar crimes
B) politics in keeping statistics affects rates
C) changes in police administration affects rates
D) does not include all crime
Q3) A type of sampling which relies upon knowledge of the dis tribution or proportion of population characteristics in order to choose a sample which assures representativeness of these characteristics is a:
A) simple random sample
B) stratified sample
C) cluster sample
D) systematic sample
Q4) _________________ , which is a document published annually by the FBI entitled Crime in the United States, measures crime recorded by police departments.
Q5) _________________ is the term for clandestine or nonreactive methods of data gathering.
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Chapter 5: Survey Research: Questionnaires
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42 Verified Questions
42 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Why was there such a negative reaction to Mark Hamm's survey of Indiana legislators on attitudes toward the death penalty for juveniles?
A) it "struck too close to the bone"
B) it was too statistical
C) it was too theoretical
D) it was "too legit. to quit"
Q2) is a means of checking the validity of self reports and involves studies of groups whose official transgressions are already a matter of record and comparing this with self-admissions.
Q3) Dummy tables are:
A) preliminary blank tables used to indicate anticipated analysis
B) tables which result in zero cases
C) unknown variables assigned to tables
D) unanticipated rival causal factors
Q4) Discuss some ways of checking the validity of self-report surveys.
Q5) Offering remuneration in mail surveys is not a useful practice with all populations being surveyed.
A)True
B)False
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Chapter 6: Survey Research: Interviews and Telephone
Surveys
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80 Verified Questions
80 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which of the following was not mentioned as appropriate procedure in conducting interview surveys?
A) interviewers should not arrive at the household too early or late in the day
B) interviewers must be prepared at times to be a persistent boor
C) minor small talk should be avoided
D) if instructed to do so, the interviewer should properly edit all responses
Q2) How are the NCVS Surveys conducted? What have been some major criticisms of these surveys?
Q3) Bounding in crime panels refers to using a pretest as a reference point for the survey reporting period.
A)True
B)False
Q4) The NCVS is conducted for the BJS by the Census Bureau.
A)True
B)False
Q5) The purpose of probing in interviews is:
A) to clarify and gain further detail for the response
B) to conduct a pretest of the interview
C) to increase response rates
D) to develop a coding scheme
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Chapter 7: Participant Observation and Case Studies
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66 Verified Questions
66 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Participant observation entails:
A) waiting until all observations are completed before recording what has taken place
B) becoming an insider while remaining an outsider
C) extensive use of mechanical aids and recording equipment
D) extensive use of the argot of the group being studied
Q2) In participant observation it is best to get on with the task at hand and directly ask the respondents the questions one wants answers to.
A)True
B)False
Q3) Despite some shortcomings, experiments remain the most effective means of gathering data.
A)True
B)False
Q4) Pseudonyms are employed in field studies in order to:
A) protect the identity of researchers
B) protect the identity of respondents
C) protect the identity of sponsors
D) protect the identity of politicians
Q5) Identify and discuss the following three designs: ABA, ABAB, ABACA.
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Chapter 8: Unobtrusive Measures, Secondary Analysis, and
the Uses of Official Statistics
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72 Verified Questions
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Sample Questions
Q1) The reanalysis of data previously gathered by someone else is a description of:
A) factor analysis
B) probit analysis
C) content analysis
D) secondary analysis
Q2) A mock trial is an example of a simulation.
A)True
B)False
Q3) Which of the following was not discussed as a type of unobtrusive method?
A) case studies
B) simple observation
C) disguised observation
D) simulation
Q4) _________________ refers to quantitative analysis which reviews, combines, and summarizes the results of many different studies dealing with the same research question.
Q5) Discuss the usefulness of simulations as data gathering strategies in criminal justice research.
Page 10
Q6) _________________ are persons who pretend to be subjects, but are really in on an experiment in order to "speed up the action."
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Chapter 9: Validity, Reliability, and Triangulated Strategies
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Sample Questions
Q1) The actual numerical value assigned to nominal level variables:
A) are statistically meaningful
B) merely denote classifications
C) demonstrate internal validity
D) prevent interdigitation
Q2) _________________ validity asks, "Does the measuring instrument appear, at face value, to be measuring what I am attempting to measure?"
Q3) Questions of validity and reliability are applicable to quantitative studies and are of less concern in qualitative studies.
A)True
B)False
Q4) _________________ is a type of reliability in which alternate forms of the instrument are administered to the same group.
Q5) The ranking of cities with respect to crime would be an example of which type of scale?
A) nominal
B) ordinal
C) interval
D) ratio
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Chapter 10: Scaling and Index Construction
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62 Verified Questions
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Sample Questions
Q1) Guttman scales insist upon unidimensionality.
A)True
B)False
Q2) Unless respondents answer each item in a scale, the responses must be discarded since there is no way of handling unknowns.
A)True
B)False
Q3) The forecasts of crime prediction scales are probabilistic or not 100 percent accurate for each score.
A)True
B)False
Q4) Discuss the Uniform Crime Reports as an arbitrary scale. How is the Sellin-Wolfgang index an attempt to adjust for inadequacies in the UCR crime index?
Q5) The Uniform Crime Reports crime index weighs the seriousness of crimes in constructing the overall index.
A)True
B)False
Q6) What are salient factor scores and what are they used for? Give an example.
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Chapter 11: Policy Analysis and Evaluation Research
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61 Verified Questions
61 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) A type of applied research which is intended to guide public policy is called:
A) evaluation research
B) policy analysis
C) systems model
D) monitoring
Q2) Criminal justice evaluations which fail to employ the experimental model are unlikely to produce useful results.
A)True
B)False
Q3) In systems analysis resources, guidelines, rules, and funds for personnel and equipment would be described as:
A) inputs
B) activities
C) results
D) outcomes
Q4) Policy analysis is the study of government behavior.
A)True
B)False
Q5) What role does the host agency play in successful evaluation research?
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