Memory and Cognition Test Bank
Course Introduction
Memory and Cognition explores the complex processes underlying how humans encode, store, retrieve, and use information. The course examines theoretical and empirical perspectives on memory systems, attention, perception, knowledge representation, problem solving, decision making, and language. Through a combination of classic studies and recent research, students will gain insight into the cognitive mechanisms that drive learning, recall, and understanding, along with the factors that influence memory performance and errors. Practical applications in domains such as education, eyewitness testimony, and cognitive aging will also be discussed.
Recommended Textbook
Learning and Memory 2nd Edition by
Mark A. Gluck
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12 Chapters
1304 Verified Questions
1304 Flashcards
Source URL: https://quizplus.com/study-set/3663
Page 2
Chapter 1: The Psychology of Learning and Memory
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116 Verified Questions
116 Flashcards
Source URL: https://quizplus.com/quiz/72907
Sample Questions
Q1) Eugenics is a program for:
A)reducing the influence of confounding variables.
B)encouraging procreation only among the most fit members of society.
C)ensuring a bell-shaped distribution of behavioral traits.
D)generating testable hypotheses.
Answer: B
Q2) John Watson's research was:
A)admired by both the scientific community and the popular press.
B)criticized for its cruelty to animals.
C)rejected by the entire scientific community.
D)praised for its focus on the inner workings of the mind.
Answer: B
Q3) Explain why Edward Tolman was considered a neo-behaviorist.
Answer: Grading criteria: He believed in the importance of both internal representations and rigorous experimental control.
Q4) Explain why B.F.Skinner's form of behaviorism is called radical behaviorism.
Answer: Grading criteria: Convey the notion that Skinner believed all behavior was a result of learned responses-e.g. ,even things like emotion and language involve simply making a learned response to a stimulus.
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Chapter 2: The Neuroscience of Learning and Memory
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109 Verified Questions
109 Flashcards
Source URL: https://quizplus.com/quiz/72908
Sample Questions
Q1) Which part of the brain helps regulate autonomic functions such as breathing?
A)cerebellum
B)brainstem
C)hippocampus
D)temporal lobe
Answer: B
Q2) One study showed that taxi drivers in London had a_____ than age-matched controls:
A)larger hippocampus
B)larger cortex
C)smaller hippocampus
D)smaller cortex
Answer: A
Q3) Which of the following is an example of a reflexive behavior?
A)Pavlov's dog salivating in response to a sound that has predicted food
B)a dog that has learned to sit to obtain a treat
C)a newborn sucking when encountering a nipple
D)a rat pressing a bar to obtain a drink of water
Answer: C
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Page 4
Chapter 3: Habituation, Sensitization, and Familiarization:
Learning About Repeated Events
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114 Verified Questions
114 Flashcards
Source URL: https://quizplus.com/quiz/72909
Sample Questions
Q1) Habituation to a stimulus:
A)can carry risks.
B)occurs only in animals that have brains.
C)usually involves an increase in the response to a stimulus.
D)lasts forever.
Answer: A
Q2) ____ exposure produces the fastest habituation,and ____ exposure produces the longest-lasting habituation.
A)Massed;spaced
B)Spaced;massed
C)Massed;massed
D)Spaced;spaced
Answer: A
Q3) A child who is exposed to a foreign language may have an easier time learning that language later on in life.This is an example of:
A)habituation.
B)learning specificity.
C)dishabituation.
D)mere exposure learning.
Answer: D
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Chapter 4: Classical Conditioning: Learning to Predict
Important Events
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118 Verified Questions
118 Flashcards
Source URL: https://quizplus.com/quiz/72910
Sample Questions
Q1) When the US is an unpleasant event such as shock,the conditioning is called:
A)aversive conditioning.
B)appetitive conditioning.
C)delay conditioning.
D)trace conditioning.
Q2) In the Rescorla-Wagner model,an associative weight of 50 would indicate that the CS predicts the US ______ of the time.
A)0%
B)25%
C)50%
D)100%
Q3) In a latent inhibition paradigm,the animals in the experimental group:
A)sit in the chamber quietly.
B)are pre-exposed to the CS.
C)are pre-exposed to the US.
D)are pre-exposed to a compound CS.
Q4) Imagine we classically condition a dog by pairing a tone with food.If the learning rate(\(\beta\))is 0.4,calculate the values of W<sub>TONE</sub>,the Expected US,the Actual US,the Prediction error,and \(\Delta\)W<sub>TONE</sub> for the first three trials.
Page 6
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Chapter 5: Operant Conditioning: Learning the Outcome of Behaviors
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109 Verified Questions
109 Flashcards
Source URL: https://quizplus.com/quiz/72911
Sample Questions
Q1) After working for $15 an hour,Sally's pay was cut to $8 an hour.She stopped working so hard,working much less than her coworkers,who had been earning $8 an hour all along.This is an example of:
A)negative contrast.
B)negative reinforcement.
C)positive punishment.
D)the Protestant ethic effect.
Q2) Electrical stimulation of the ________ is reinforcing to rats.
A)orbitofrontal cortex
B)dorsal striatum
C)ventral tegmental area
D)motor cortex
Q3) Which of the following is an example of a behavioral addiction?
A)addiction to exercise
B)addiction to alcohol
C)addiction to cocaine
D)addiction to caffeine
Q4) List and describe the four factors that determine the effectiveness of punishment,as discussed in your textbook.
Q5) What is extinction mimicry? What are two explanations for it?
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Chapter 6: Generalization and Discrimination Learning
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94 Verified Questions
94 Flashcards
Source URL: https://quizplus.com/quiz/72912
Sample Questions
Q1) The nucleus basalis:
A)provides information regarding whether consequences are good or bad.
B)selects what information enters memory and how it is to be encoded by other brain regions.
C)sends output to the cortex to enable cortical remapping.
D)compresses redundant or unimportant information.
Q2) In negative patterning,the connection from a configural node to the output node is given a:
A)negative weight that cancels the weights from the individual cues,leading to no response to the compound stimulus.
B)negative weight that cancels the weights from the individual cues,leading to an increased response to the compound stimulus.
C)weight of 0,leading to no response to the compound stimulus.
D)weight of 0,leading to an increased response to the compound stimulus.
Q3) To enable a network to accomplish negative patterning,we can:
A)use combinatorial explosion.
B)include consequential regions.
C)include shared elements.
D)use configural nodes.
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Page 8
Chapter 7: Episodic and Semantic Memory: Memory for
Facts and Events
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127 Verified Questions
127 Flashcards
Source URL: https://quizplus.com/quiz/72913
Sample Questions
Q1) According to Endel Tulving,which type of memory stores facts and general world knowledge?
A)episodic memory
B)semantic memory
C)implicit memory
D)nondeclarative memory
Q2) The famous patient known as H.M.:
A)continued to have severe and frequent epileptic seizures after his surgery.
B)suffered from severe anterograde amnesia.
C)lost several IQ points.
D)was able to recognize only those researchers who have been working with him for many years.
Q3) When the BBC played an announcement 25 times a day for several weeks,listeners' memories for the announcement ______,demonstrating that mere exposure to information ____.
A)improved;does not improve memory
B)did not improve;improves memory
C)improved;improves memory
D)did not improve;does not improve memory
Q4) Give an example of retroactive interference occurring in everyday life.
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Chapter 8: Skill Memory: Learning by Doing
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96 Verified Questions
96 Flashcards
Source URL: https://quizplus.com/quiz/72914
Sample Questions
Q1) The restricted applicability of some learned skills to specific situations is known as:
A)implicit learning.
B)skill decay.
C)a motor program.
D)transfer specificity.
Q2) Rats with damage to the basal ganglia:
A)have trouble learning to navigate a basic radial maze.
B)have trouble learning to navigate a radial maze in which only the illuminated arms contain food.
C)cannot learn to find the platform in a water maze.
D)have trouble performing skills necessary to find food in a basic radial maze.
Q3) Which area of the brain is particularly important for controlling the velocity,direction,and amplitude of movements?
A)basal ganglia
B)cerebral cortex
C)cerebellum
D)brainstem
Q4) Provide an example of a motor program.
Q5) What is the difference between having talent and being an expert?
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Chapter 9: Working Memory and Cognitive Control
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105 Verified Questions
105 Flashcards
Source URL: https://quizplus.com/quiz/72915
Sample Questions
Q1) Sensory memory:
A)lasts for several minutes.
B)uses rehearsal to maintain information.
C)decays rapidly.
D)lasts longer when a whole-report procedure is used.
Q2) According to the findings of George Miller,the capacity of short-term memory is:
A)virtually unlimited.
B)about 7 items.
C)about 15 items.
D)about 3 items.
Q3) Provide an example of an automatic process and an attentional process.
Q4) The Stroop task demonstrates that:
A)working memory is enhanced when information is in conflict.
B)working memory is impaired when information is in conflict.
C)reading is an attentional process.
D)reading is an automatic process.
Q5) Describe the working-memory impairments experienced by a person with schizophrenia.Which brain areas appear to be involved?
Q6) Describe the working-memory impairments experienced by a person with ADHD.Which brain areas appear to be involved?
Page 11
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Chapter 10: Emotional Influences on Learning and Memory
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107 Verified Questions
107 Flashcards
Source URL: https://quizplus.com/quiz/72916
Sample Questions
Q1) Electrical stimulation of the amygdala produces a:
A)strong emotional response in both animals and humans.
B)mild emotional response in both animals and humans.
C)strong emotional response in animals and a mild emotional response in humans.
D)mild emotional response in animals and a strong emotional response in humans.
Q2) Neurons in the ______ have been shown to increase their response to a CS after it is paired with a fear-invoking US.
A)lateral nucleus of the amygdala
B)central nucleus of the amygdala
C)thalamus
D)basal ganglia
Q3) What is the therapeutic technique in which successive approximations of a feared stimulus are presented while a patient learns to stay relaxed?
A)conditioned avoidance
B)perseveration
C)piloerection
D)systematic desensitization
Q4) How can classical conditioning principles explain why people experience posttraumatic stress disorder?
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Chapter 11: Social Learning and Memory: Observing, Interacting,
and Reenacting
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90 Verified Questions
90 Flashcards
Source URL: https://quizplus.com/quiz/72917
Sample Questions
Q1) Which of the following is an example of social learning?
A)A chimpanzee copies the hand motions made by its trainer.
B)A cat learns through trial and error to escape from a puzzle box.
C)A rat learns the correct route through a maze by being rewarded with food on reaching the end.
D)A dog learns to salivate in response to a bell after the bell is repeatedly followed by food.
Q2) What is the MOST extensively studied form of vocal learning?
A)speech learning in human infants
B)vocalizations in dolphins
C)song learning in birds
D)speech learning in chimpanzees
Q3) Which of the following is a characteristic of autism?
A)reduced intellectual abilities
B)normal social skills
C)normal behavior patterns
D)the need for highly consistent routines
Q4) What is the two-action test? How can it be used to demonstrate whether true imitation is occurring?
Q5) Why is it difficult to predict how observations will affect future behavior?
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Chapter 12: Development and Aging: Learning and Memory
Across the Lifespan
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119 Verified Questions
119 Flashcards
Source URL: https://quizplus.com/quiz/72918
Sample Questions
Q1) "Genie," the little girl who was tragically isolated until age 13:
A)learned to speak,but only at the level of a three-four year old.
B)could not learn to speak at all.
C)learned language slowly,but eventually could speak normally.
D)could only make very basic speech sounds.
Q2) During apoptosis:
A)neurons die as a result of accidents or disease.
B)neurons with fewer connections to other neurons are more likely to survive.
C)there is an increase in neurotrophic factors such as BDNF.
D)about 1/3 of the neurons die.
Q3) Which of the following is true?
A)Neurogenesis is relatively uniform throughout the brain.
B)Synaptogenesis continues throughout the lifespan.
C)Synaptogenesis is a very slow process.
D)Nearly all of the neurons die during apoptosis in childhood.
Q4) Describe the processes of neurogenesis,apoptosis,synaptogenesis,and pruning of synapses,and how they all impact learning.
Q5) Imagine your friend is about to give birth to her first child.Explain to your friend why she should not spend her money on classical music CDs that claim to improve babies' intelligence.
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