Medication Safety in Healthcare Exam Questions
Course Introduction
This course explores the principles and practices essential for promoting medication safety within healthcare settings. Students will examine factors contributing to medication errors, such as human factors, system flaws, and communication breakdowns, and learn strategies to minimize risks. Emphasis is placed on the use of safety technologies, error reporting systems, evidence-based policies, and interdisciplinary collaboration. Real-world case studies and regulatory standards are integrated to enhance understanding of best practices, patient safety initiatives, and the roles of healthcare professionals in preventing, identifying, and managing medication-related incidents.
Recommended Textbook
Calculate with Confidence 6th Edition by Morris
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Page 2
Chapter 1: Roman Numerals
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Sample Questions
Q1) Perform the indicated operation and record the result in lowercase Roman numerals.
7 * 2 = _____
Answer: xiv
Q2) Write the following Arabic number as a lowercase Roman numeral.
18 = _____
Answer: xviii
Q3) Write the following Arabic number as a lowercase Roman numeral.
11 1/2 = _____
Answer: xiss
Q4) Perform the indicated operation and record the result in lowercase Roman numerals.
3 * 10 = _____
Answer: xxx
Q5) Perform the indicated operation and record the result in lowercase Roman numerals.
6 * 3 = _____
Answer: xviii
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Chapter 2: Fractions
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Sample Questions
Q1) Perform the indicated operation and reduce to lowest terms. 1/12 + 6/12 + 5/12 = ____
Answer: 1
Q2) Change the following mixed number to an improper fraction. 29 2/3 = _____
Answer: 89/3
Q3) Perform the indicated operation and reduce to lowest terms. 1/100 \(\div\) 1/200 = _____
Answer: 2
Q4) Perform the indicated operation and reduce to lowest terms. 1/12 * 1/15 = _____
Answer: 1/180
Q5) Perform the indicated operation with fractions.Reduce to lowest terms as indicated. 16 5/6 - 14 3/8 = ____
Answer: 2 11/24
Q6) The nurse is instructed to give a client 2/3 of a cup of solution.If 1 cup = 240 milliliters (mL),how many mL should the nurse administer? _____
Answer: 160 mL
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Chapter 3: Decimals
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Sample Questions
Q1) Perform the indicated operation with decimals.
0.98 + 0.76 = _____
Answer: 1.74
Q2) Indicate the largest number in the following set.
0.75,0.749: _____
Answer: 0.75
Q3) Round off the following decimal to the nearest tenth.
0.52 = _____
Answer: 0.5
Q4) A client received 0.375 mg of a medication for two days,0.125 mg for three days,and 0.0625 mg for four days.What is the total amount of medication taken? ______
Answer: 1.375 mg
Q5) Round off the following decimal to the nearest tenth.
1.45 = _____
Answer: 1.5
Q6) Perform the indicated operation with decimals.
64.1 - 0.009 = _____
Answer: 64.091
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Chapter 4: Ratio and Proportion
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Sample Questions
Q1) A client must take four tabs per day for 14 days.How many tablets should the pharmacy supply to fill this order? ______
Q2) A nurse counts a client's pulse,which is regular for 15 seconds (sec)and gets 19 beats.If the nurse counts the pulse for 60 sec,how many beats should there be? _____
Q3) Express the following dosage as a ratio. An injectable solution contains 500 mg in each 0.7 mL: _____
Q4) Solve for x.
2.2:1 = x:145
x = _____
Q5) Solve for x.
2: 9 = x: 27
x = _____
Q6) If there are 2.5 centimeters (cm)to an inch,if a client is 70 inches (in)tall,how tall is the client in cm? ____
Q7) The nurse is instructed to administer 500 mL of a solution every 8 hours (hrs).How many hrs will be needed to administer 1,500 mL of solution?
Q8) Express the following dosage as a ratio. A capsule contains 450 mg of medication: _____
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Chapter 5: Percentages
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Sample Questions
Q1) Convert 42.5% to decimal form.
Q2) Convert 0.925 to a percent.
Q3) A client has received 45% of a 500 mL bag of intravenous (IV)solution.How many mL of IV solution has the client received?
Q4) A client has a 2,500 mL bag of irrigation solution hanging.750 mL of the solution have infused.What percent of the irrigation solution has infused?
Q5) A client is responsible for 30% of his doctor bills due to insurance.The client sees a specialist and the bill is $240.00.How much will the client be responsible for?
Q6) Find the following percentage. 16% of 79 = _____
Q7) A client consumed 30% of a bowl of broth.The bowl held 360 mL.How many mL of the broth did the client consume?
Q8) Convert 2.96 to a percent.
Q9) Change the following percentage to a fraction.Reduce to lowest terms. 37.5% = _____
Q10) A client who weighed 210 pounds (lb)lost 30 lb.What was the percent of decrease in the client's weight? (State answer to the nearest whole percent. )
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Chapter 6: Metric System
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Sample Questions
Q1) Directions: Write the equivalent indicated. 8.3 L = _____ mL
Q2) Directions: Apply the guidelines relating to the use of leading and trailing zeros and express the following metric notations correctly.
Q3) Directions: Write the equivalent indicated. 0.075 mg = _____ mcg
Q4) Trailing zeros should be placed on quantities to avoid misinterpretation of a value.
A)True
B)False
Q5) Directions: Write the equivalent indicated. 0.007 kg = _______ g
Q6) Directions: Write the equivalent indicated. 15 mg = _____ mcg
Q7) Directions: Write the equivalent indicated. 873 mL = _________ L
Q8) Directions: Write the equivalent indicated. 26 mcg = _____ mg
8
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Chapter 7: Apothecary and Household Systems
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Sample Questions
Q1) Directions: Write the equivalent indicated. 277.5 mL = _________ oz
Q2) Directions: Write the equivalent indicated. 10 1/3 tbs = _______ mL
Q3) Use of the apothecary system has been identified as a source of error in medication administration.
A)True B)False
Q4) Directions: Write the equivalent indicated. 255 mL = _____ oz
Q5) Directions: Express the following value correctly.
5.5 Tsp
Q6) Directions: Write the equivalent indicated. 750 mL = _____ pt
Q7) The household system expresses values using roman numerals and Arabic numbers.
A)True B)False
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Chapter 8: Converting Within and Between Systems
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Sample Questions
Q1) Directions: Write the equivalent indicated.
125 mL = ________ tsp
Q2) Calculate the client's intake in mL.
Apple juice 2 oz
Chicken broth 4 oz
Gelatin dessert 3 oz
Hot tea 5 oz
Total mL = _____
Q3) A client's intake was the following:
3/4 cup of coffee (1 cup = 8 oz)
1 can of ginger ale (1 can = 12 oz)
1/2 glass of cranberry juice (1 glass = 6 oz)
How many mL will you record on the intake and output (I&O)sheet? _____ mL
Q4) Directions: Write the equivalent indicated.
1 mg = _____ g
Q5) Directions: Write the equivalent indicated.
4 1/4 qt = _____ mL
Q6) A client reports drinking 48 oz of water on a visit to the clinic.How many mL did the client drink? _________ mL
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Chapter 9: Additional Conversions Useful in the Health Care Setting
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Sample Questions
Q1) Directions: Convert the following temperature as indicated. 18S1U1P1\(\circ\)S1S1P0 C = _____ S1U1P1\(\circ\)S1S1P0 F
Q2) Directions: Convert the following time to international time. 10:19 PM _________________
Q3) Directions: Convert the following temperature as indicated. 12.8° C = _____ ° F
Q4) Directions: Write the equivalent indicated. 1 kg = _____ lb
Q5) Directions: Convert the following temperature as indicated. Store medication within a temperature range of 36° F and 41° F.______ ° C
Q6) In traditional time,0518 is: A)5:18 AM. B)5:18 PM.
Q7) Directions: Convert the following weight as indicated.Round weight to the nearest tenth.
43.5 kg = _____ lb
Page 11
Q8) Directions: Convert the following temperature as indicated. 102S1U1P1\(\circ\)S1S1P0 F = _____ S1U1P1\(\circ\)S1S1P0 C
Q9) Directions: Convert as indicated.
mm = _____ cm
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Chapter 10: Medication Administration
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Sample Questions
Q1) Directions: Complete the following sentence with the correct word or number. The use of mixed case or enlarged,bolded lettering to differentiate medications with look-alike names is called __________ lettering.
Q2) Technological advances have eliminated the occurrence of medication errors.
A)True B)False
Q3) Directions: For the following scenario,identify which of the "six rights" of medication administration has been violated.
A nurse charts medications that she administered at 10 AM on October 1st for 10 AM on October 2nd: _______________.
Q4) Directions: Complete the following sentence with the correct word or number. Administration of medications within 30 minutes of the scheduled time is referred to as the _____________ .
Q5) A nurse who administers a medication that is unsafe is liable for the error.
A)True B)False
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Chapter 11: Understanding and Interpreting Medication
Orders
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Sample Questions
Q1) The nurse is responsible for determining the times for a medication ordered t.i.d.at an institution.
A)True B)False
Q2) Directions: Correct the following medication order using the ISMP list of Error-Prone Abbreviations,Symbols,and Dose Designations.
Lasix 40.0 mg po qd
Q3) Directions: For the following medication order indicate what component of the order is missing.
Demerol 75 mg IM prn.
Q4) Directions: Correct the following medication order using the ISMP list of Error-Prone Abbreviations,Symbols,and Dose Designations.
Heparin 5,000 units subcut daily
Q5) Complete the following sentence with the correct word or number.To ensure accuracy and prevent misinterpretation,place a _____ before the decimal point.
Q6) Directions: Give the abbreviation for the following. Every hour: _____
Page 14
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Chapter 12: Medication Administration Records and Medication Distribution Systems
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Sample Questions
Q1) Directions: Refer to the portion of the MAR provided below to answer the question.
Q2) Directions: Refer to the portion of the MAR provided below to answer the question.
Q3) The prescriber orders a medication q8h.The nurse enters the following times on the medication administration record (MAR): 12 AM- 6 AM- 12 PM- 6 PM.What error has occurred?
Q4) A client refuses a p.o.medication and provides the nurse with a reason for refusing the medication.What should the nurse's action be?
A)Inform the client they cannot refuse a medication.
B)Report it to the nurse manager.
C)Administer the medication by an injectable route.
D)Document the refusal and inform the prescriber.
Q5) Directions: Refer to the portion of the MAR provided below to answer the question.
Q6) Directions: Refer to the portion of the MAR provided below to answer the question.
Q7) Directions: Refer to the portion of the MAR provided below to answer the question.
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Chapter 13: Reading Medication Labels
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Sample Questions
Q1) If a medication label reads "Ambien (zolpidem tartrate)5 mg tablets,Searle," the medication's generic name is:
A)Ambien.
B)Searle.
C)zolpidem tartrate.
D)tablets.
Q2) A medication label reads "Calan SR (verapamil hydrochloride)240 mg sustained release caplets." The form is: A)caplets.
B)sustained-release caplets.
C)240 mg.
D)verapamil hydrochloride.
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Chapter 14: Dosage Calculation Using the Ratio and Proportion Method
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Sample Questions
Q1) Directions: Calculate the following dosage using the ratio and proportion method.Round mL answers to the nearest tenth unless otherwise indicated.
Order: Raloxifene HCl 60 mg p.o. b.i.d.
Available: Raloxifene HCl tablets labeled 60 mg per tablet
Q2) Directions: Calculate the following dosage using the ratio and proportion method.Round mL answers to the nearest tenth unless otherwise indicated.
Order: Zofran 7 mg p.o. b.i.d.
Available: Zofran oral solution labeled 4 mg per 5 Ml
Q3) Directions: Calculate the following dosage using the ratio and proportion method.Round mL answers to the nearest tenth unless otherwise indicated.
Order: Calcijex 1.5 mcg IV daily on Mon. ,Wed. ,Fri.
Available: Calcijex 1 mcg per mL
Q4) Directions: Calculate the following dosage using the ratio and proportion method.Round mL answers to the nearest tenth unless otherwise indicated.
Order: Clindamycin 0.6 g IV q12h
Available: Clindamycin 300 mg per 2 mL
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Chapter 15: Dosage Calculation Using the Formula Method
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Sample Questions
Q1) Directions: Calculate the following dosage using the formula method.Round mL answers to the nearest tenth unless otherwise indicated.
Order: Thorazine 15 mg IM stat
Available: Thorazine 25 mg per mL
Q2) Directions: Calculate the following dosage using the formula method.Round mL answers to the nearest tenth unless otherwise indicated.
Order: Raloxifene HCl 60 mg p.o. b.i.d.
Available: Raloxifene HCl tablets labeled 60 mg per tablet
Q3) Directions: Calculate the following dosage using the formula method.Round mL answers to the nearest tenth unless otherwise indicated.
Order: Compazine 8 mg p.o.stat
Available: Compazine syrup labeled 5 mg per 5 mL
Q4) Directions: Calculate the following dosage using the formula method.Round mL answers to the nearest tenth unless otherwise indicated.
Order: Calcijex 1.5 mcg IV daily on Mon. ,Wed. ,Fri.
Available: Calcijex 1 mcg per mL
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Chapter 16: Dosage Calculation Using the Dimensional Analysis Method
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Sample Questions
Q1) Directions: Calculate the following dosage using the dimensional analysis method.Round mL answers to the nearest tenth unless otherwise indicated
Order: Calcijex 1.5 mcg IV daily on Mon. ,Wed. ,Fri.
Available: Calcijex 1 mcg per mL
Q2) Directions: Calculate the following dosage using the dimensional analysis method.Round mL answers to the nearest tenth unless otherwise indicated
Order: Raloxifene HCl 60 mg p.o. b.i.d.
Available: Raloxifene HCl tablets labeled 60 mg per tablet
Q3) Directions: Calculate the following dosage using the dimensional analysis method.Round mL answers to the nearest tenth unless otherwise indicated
Order: Thorazine 25 mg p.o.t.i.d.
Available: Thorazine syrup labeled 10 mg per 5 mL
Q4) Directions: Calculate the following dosage using the dimensional analysis method.Round mL answers to the nearest tenth unless otherwise indicated
Order: Zofran 7 mg p.o. b.i.d.
Available: Zofran oral solution labeled 4 mg per 5 mL
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Chapter 17: Oral Medications
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Sample Questions
Q1) Directions: Complete with the correct word(s)or number. An elongated tablet for easy swallowing is referred to as a _______________.
Q2) Directions: Calculate the following dosage.Use labels where provided.Round oral liquids to the nearest tenth as indicated.
Order: Ampicillin 1 g p.o.as an initial dosage and then 500 mg p.o.q.i.d.for 7 days thereafter
Available: Ampicillin capsules labeled 500 mg
a.How many capsules will you administer for the initial dosage? _____ cap(s)
b.What is the total number of capsules needed for the subsequent dosages for 7 days? _____ cap(s)
Q3) Directions: Complete with the correct word(s)or number. The solid form of medication that contains granules that delays the release of the medication is referred to as a _______________.
Q4) Directions: Complete with the correct word(s)or number. Sublingual tablets must never be _______________ but placed _______________ the tongue.
Q5) Directions: Complete with the correct word(s)or number. The most common form of oral medication is the __________.
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Chapter 18: Parenteral Medications
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Sample Questions
Q1) A 3-mL syringe is calibrated in which of the following increments?
A)0.01 mL
B)0.1 mL
C)0.2 mL
D)1 mL
Q2) Directions: Complete the following statements with the correct word(s)or number(s). The route that is used for diagnostic purposes is called _______________.
Q3) Directions: Complete the following statements with the correct word(s)or number(s). The term used for injectable medications is _______________.
Q4) Directions: Calculate the dosages,use labels where provided,and shade in the dosages on the syringe where provided.Round answers to the nearest tenth unless otherwise indicated.
Order: Levothyroxine sodium 0.3 mg IV daily
Available: Levothyroxine sodium 200 mcg per 5 mL How many milliliters will you add to the IV? _____ mL
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Chapter 19: Reconstitution of Solutions
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Sample Questions
Q1) Directions: Prepare the following strength solutions.Describe your calculations. 800 mL of 3/4 strength Sustacal via gastrostomy over 6 hours
Q2) Directions: Indicate how you would prepare each of the following using full-strength hydrogen peroxide (solute)and normal saline (solvent).
300 mL of 3/4 strength for skeletal pin care
Q3) Directions: Indicate how you would prepare each of the following using full-strength hydrogen peroxide (solute)and normal saline (solvent).
8 oz of 1/2 strength for wound care.
Q4) Directions: Indicate how you would prepare each of the following using full-strength hydrogen peroxide (solute)and normal saline (solvent).
0.24 L of 1/3 strength for wound care
Q5) Directions: Prepare the following strength solutions.Describe your calculations. Prepare irrigant 250 mL 1/2 strength solution: ______________________________
Q6) Directions: Prepare the following strength solutions.Describe your calculations. 1/4 strength Ensure 8 oz p.o.q4h for 24 hours
Q7) Directions: Prepare the following strength solutions.Describe your calculations. 360 mL of 1/4 strength Ensure percutaneous endoscopic (PEG)tube over 4 hours
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Chapter 20: Insulin
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Sample Questions
Q1) Directions: Fill in the correct number or word(s). U-100 on the label of an insulin vial means: ______________________________.
Q2) Directions: Fill in the correct number or word(s). What is the difference between the calibration of units on the 1-mL insulin syringe and on the Lo-Dose syringe? ______________________________
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Chapter 21: Intravenous Solutions and Equipment
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Sample Questions
Q1) Directions: Fill in the correct number or word(s)to answer the question. The name for the main infusion administration set is _______________.
Q2) Directions: Calculate the number of grams of NaCl and /or dextrose in the following solutions.
500 mL 1/2 NS sodium chloride (NaCl): _____
Q3) Directions: Calculate the number of grams of NaCl and /or dextrose in the following solutions.
250 mL D5NS _______ g dextrose ________ g NaCl
Q4) Directions: Fill in the correct number or word(s)to answer the question. An IV pump is an example of an ___________ infusion device.
Q5) Directions: Fill in the correct number or word(s)to answer the question. _______________ devices allow a client to self-administer pain medication.
Q6) Directions: Calculate the number of grams of NaCl and /or dextrose in the following solutions.
0.5 L D51/4NS ________ g dextrose ________ g NaCl
Q7) Directions: Fill in the correct number or word(s)to answer the question. In IV fluid abbreviations,D5NS identifies what IV fluid? _______________
Q8) Directions: Interpret the following IV orders. 1,000 mL (1 L)of L/R q8h
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Chapter 22: Intravenous Calculations
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Sample Questions
Q1) Directions: Recalculate the IV flow rate.Determine the percentage of change and state the course of action.Assume that hospital policy permits recalculation of rates when rates are off schedule and clients are stable. 250 mL were to infuse in 8 hours at 31 microgtt/min. The drop factor is 60 gtt/mL.After 4 hours,you notice that 100 mL have infused.
a.Recalculated rate: _____
b.Percentage of change: _____
c.Course of action: _____
Q2) Directions: Recalculate the IV flow rate.Determine the percentage of change and state the course of action.Assume that hospital policy permits recalculation of rates when rates are off schedule and clients are stable. When an IV medication is injected directly into a vein,the procedure is referred to as
Q3) Directions: Determine the infusion time for the following IV.State time in both traditional and military time.Round minutes to the nearest whole number of minutes. 1,000 mL D5W infusing at 90 mL/hr
a.Determine the infusion time: _____
b.The IV was started at 2:00 AM.When will the infusion be complete? _____
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25
Chapter 23: Heparin Calculations
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Sample Questions
Q1) Directions: Calculate the following hourly dosage of heparin (units/hr). Which solution of heparin is more concentrated: 1,000 units per mL or 10,000 units per mL? _____
Q2) Directions: Calculate the following hourly dosage of heparin (units/hr).
Order: 25,000 units of heparin in 250 mL D5W to infuse at 8 mL/hr units/hr = _____
Q3) Directions: Calculate the following hourly dosage of heparin (units/hr).
Order: Infuse heparin at 2,000 units/hr IV from a solution containing 20,000 units of heparin in 500 mL D5W. How many milliliters will infuse per hour? _____ mL
Q4) Directions: Calculate the following hourly dosage of heparin (units/hr).
A client weighs 88 kg.Order: Bolus with heparin at 80 units/kg;initiate drip at 18 units/kg/hr.Heparin infusion 25,000 units in 500 mL 0.9 % sodium chloride.
a.Calculate the heparin bolus dosage: _____
b.Calculate the infusion rate for the IV dosage: _____
Q5) Directions: Calculate the following hourly dosage of heparin (units/hr).
A client weighs 220 lb.The hospital protocol for IV heparin drip is 14 units/kg/hr.How many units per hour should the client receive? _____
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Chapter 24: Critical Care Calculations
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Sample Questions
Q1) Directions: Calculate the dosages as indicated. Nitroglycerine has been ordered to titrate at 10 mcg/min to 30 mcg/min,and the rate should be increased by 5 mcg/min every 3-5 minutes for chest pain.The solution contains 50 mg nitroglycerin in 250 mL D5W.Develop a titration table in 5 mcg increments.The pump delivers in tenths of a milliliter.
Q2) Directions: Calculate the dosages as indicated.
Order: Dobutamine 2.5 mcg/kg/min for a client who weighs 193 lb
Available: Dobutamine 250 mg in 250 mL D5W
a.What is the client's weight in kilograms? _____ (to the nearest tenth)
b.Calculate the rate in mL/hr required to infuse 2 mcg/kg/min: _____
Q3) Directions: Calculate the dosages as indicated.
A client weighing 80 kg has an order for Intropin to infuse at 8 mcg/kg/min.The solution available is 800 mg Intropin in 500 mL D5W.
a.mcg/min: _____
b.mL/hr: _____
Q4) Directions: Calculate the dosages as indicated.
A client is receiving procainamide 1 g in 500 mL D5W at 120 mL/hr.
a.mg/hr: _____
b.mg/min: _____
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Chapter 25: Pediatric and Adult Dosage Calculation Based on Weight
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Sample Questions
Q1) Directions: Using the West nomogram or formula when indicated,calculate the following dosages.Express answer to the nearest tenth.
The recommended dosage of Paraplatin for ovarian cancer is 360 mg/m<sup>2</sup>.The client's BSA is 1.67 m<sup>2</sup>.What dosage should the client receive? _____
Q2) Directions: Using the West nomogram or formula when indicated,calculate the following dosages.Express answer to the nearest tenth.
The recommended dosage of Zovirax for a child who is immunosuppressed and has a varicella-zoster infection is 500 mg/m<sup>2</sup>.The child weighs 26.5 lb and is 58 inches tall.
a.What is the child's BSA? _____
b.What is the recommended dosage? _____
Q3) Directions: Determine the normal dosage range to the nearest tenth.State your course of action.
An IV medication of 50 mcg in 200 mL is ordered to infuse over 2 hours.The normal dosage range is 1.5 to 3 mcg/kg/hr.The child weighs 5.7 kg.Determine the dosage range per hour.Determine whether the dosage ordered is within normal limits.State your course of action: ______________________________
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