Medical Terminology and Anatomy Exam Review
Course Introduction
This course provides a comprehensive introduction to the language of medicine and the foundations of human anatomy. Students will learn the basic structure, meaning, and pronunciation of medical terms commonly used in healthcare professions, as well as the organization and function of the body's major systems. Emphasis is placed on word roots, prefixes, suffixes, and abbreviations that are essential for understanding and communicating medical information accurately. Through the study of anatomical concepts and clinical scenarios, students will develop the skills needed to identify, define, and use medical terminology in both academic and professional healthcare settings.
Recommended Textbook
Essentials of Anatomy and Physiology 6th Edition by Valerie C. Scanlon
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66 Chapters
5039 Verified Questions
5039 Flashcards
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Chapter 2:Organization and General Plan of the Body-Part
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which of the following statements are true of cells and tissues (Select all that apply)?
A)A human cell is made of organic and inorganic chemicals.
B)A tissue is a group of similar cells that work together.
C)A tissue that generates impulses is nerve tissue.
D)Some connective tissues do not have cells.
E)A tissue on a body surface is an epithelial tissue.
F)The tissue that is specialized to contract is muscle tissue.
Answer: A,B,C,E,F
Q2) Which of the following statements are true of body cavities (Select all that apply)?
A)The pelvic cavity is the most inferior part of the dorsal cavity.
B)The two major cavities are the dorsal and posterior cavities.
C)The abdominal cavity is part of the ventral cavity and is lined with the peritoneum.
D)The spinal cavity is lined with meninges.
E)The diaphragm separates the thoracic cavity from the pelvic cavity.
F)The spinal cavity and cranial cavity are continuous.
Answer: C,D,F
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Chapter 2:Organization and General Plan of the Body-Part
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75 Verified Questions
75 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) A _____________________ section separates the body into right and left parts. Answer: sagittal
Q2) The type of feedback mechanism that contains its own brake is called ________________.
Answer: negative
Q3) The two kinds of chemicals that make up cells are called ___________________ and ____________________.
Answer: inorganic,organic organic,inorganic
Q4) The pectoral and patellar areas are both on the ___________________ side of the body.
Answer: ventral anterior
Q5) The mesentery covers the ___________________________.
Answer: abdominal orgAnswer
Q6) A coronal section of the femoral area would also be a ____________________ section.
Answer: longitudinal
Answer: ventral Page 4
Q7) The abdominal cavity is part of the larger ________________ cavity.
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Page 5
Chapter 2:Organization and General Plan of the Body-Part
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120 Verified Questions
120 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) The abdominal cavity contains the:
A)small intestine
B)stomach
C)gallbladder
D)all of these
Answer: D
Q2) An organ that is shaped like a sac or sphere with a tube leading out probably ___ something.
A)covers
B)secretes
C)divides
D)supports
Answer: B
Q3) Which of these is NOT one of the four major groups of tissues?
A)muscle tissue
B)soft tissue
C)connective tissue
D)epithelial tissue
Answer: B
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Chapter 3:Some Basic Chemistry-Part A
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which of the following statements are true of water and the body's water compartments (Select all that apply)?
A)Once water is part of plasma,it always remains part of plasma.
B)The spaces between cells contain tissue fluid.
C)Lymph is the name for the fluid in lymphatic vessels.
D)Water in veins is called plasma.
E)Intercellular water is the water within cells.
F)Intracellular water is another name for tissue fluid.
Q2) Which of the following statements are true of cell respiration (Select all that apply)?
A)The reacting molecules are CO2 and glucose.
B)All the energy released is in the form of heat.
C)The reacting molecules are glucose and oxygen.
D)The waste products of the process are CO2 and water.
E)Energy is released when glucose is broken down gradually.
F)Energy a cell can use is trapped in molecules of ATP.
G)The water that is produced is exhaled.
H)A molecule of ATP is made from ADP plus a phosphate plus energy.
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Chapter 3:Some Basic Chemistry-Part B
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110 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Large changes in the pH of the blood are prevented by chemicals called
Q2) The lipids that form the largest part of cell membranes are the
Q3) The mineral that carries oxygen in red blood cells is ________________________.
Q4) The weak bonds that help maintain the 3-D shape of proteins and nucleic acids are ___________________ bonds.
Q5) A protein that speeds up a reaction yet remains unchanged is called a(n)________________.
Q6) The number of positive or negative charges an ion has is called its ___________________.
Q7) The excretion of waste products in urine depends on the _______________________ function of water.
Q8) The sense of taste depends on the _____________________ function of water.
Q9) The purpose of a buffer system is to prevent large changes in ______________________.
Q11) The bonds between the amino acids in a protein are ___________________ Page 8
Q10) A large molecule made of the elements C,H,O,N,and S would most likely be a(n)_______________________________.
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Page 9
Chapter 3:Some Basic Chemistry-Part C
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143 Verified Questions
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Sample Questions
Q1) Glucose is a molecule that is a:
A)double sugar
B)hexose sugar
C)pentose sugar
D)triple sugar
Q2) All organic molecules contain the elements:
A)C,H,and N
B)C,H,and O
C)C,O,and N
D)H,O,and N
Q3) The bonds that make water cohesive are:
A)disulfide bonds
B)hydrogen bonds
C)ionic bonds
D)water bonds
Q4) Intercellular fluid is found:
A)within cells
B)between cells
C)both A and B
D)both A and B,and around cells
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Chapter 4:Cells-Part A
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which of the following statements are true of the stages of mitosis (Select all that apply)?
A)The set of chromosomes replicates itself during prophase.
B)A replicated chromosome is two identical chromatids.
C)The division of the cytoplasm of a cell follows metaphase.
D)During interphase,the chromosomes coil up and become visible.
E)In anaphase,the chromosomes move toward the equator of the cell.f.Spindle fibers are formed during telophase.
Q2) Which of the following statements are true of the nucleus of a cell (Select all that apply)?
A)The nuclear membrane has four layers to protect the chromosomes.
B)The nucleus of a human body cell contains 48 chromosomes.
C)The nucleus of a human body cell is a diploid nucleus.
D)The chromosomes in the nucleus are made of DNA and protein.
E)Human cells that do not have nuclei are mature red blood cells.f.The nucleus is the control center of the cell because it contains most of the mitochondria of the cell.
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Chapter 4:Cells-Part B
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Sample Questions
Q1) The cell organelles that contain digestive enzymes are the
Q2) Chromosomes are made of ________________,and are found in the ________________ of a cell.
Q3) Receptor sites on cell membranes,for hormones or other molecules,are often made of _____________________.
Q4) The human diploid number of chromosomes is _________________.
Q5) In the process of protein synthesis,the original genetic code for a protein is found in the ____________________.
Q6) The cells of the small intestine absorb amino acids by the process of
Q7) Ribosomes are cell organelles that are the site of
Q8) Some cells of the kidney tubules reabsorb small proteins by the process of
Q9) The cell division process that with two divisions produces four cells is
12
Q10) The small intestine absorbs water by the process of
Q11) White blood cells engulf bacteria by the process of
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Chapter 4:Cells-Part C
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Sample Questions
Q1) The process of meiosis produces ___ cells,each with the ___ number of chromosomes.
A)2/diploid
B)2/haploid
C)4/diploid
D)4/haploid
Q2) The human diploid number of chromosomes is:
A)50
B)46
C)23
D)25
Q3) The cells of the small intestine receive oxygen by ___,absorb glucose by ___,and absorb water by ___.
A)osmosis/active transport/filtration
B)diffusion/active transport/osmosis
C)diffusion/pinocytosis/filtration
D)osmosis/facilitated diffusion/diffusion
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Chapter 5:Tissues and Membranes-Part A
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which of the following statements are true of connective tissue membranes (Select all that apply)?
A)The fibrous pericardium is also called the epicardium.
B)The perichondrium has the only blood vessels found in cartilage.
C)The periosteum anchors tendons.
D)The membranes around the spinal cord are called meninges.
E)Synovial membranes prevent friction as the lungs inflate and deflate.
F)Collagen is stronger than elastin,but not as stretchy.
Q2) Which of the following statements are true of bone,cartilage,and fibrous connective tissue (Select all that apply)?
A)Bone tissue is hard,strong,and flexible.
B)Cartilage provides cushioning between vertebrae.
C)Fibrous connective tissue forms tendons,which connect bone to bone.
D)Bone tissue is an important storage site for excess calcium.
E)Cartilage supports the inner ear and upper jaw.
F)Fibrous connective tissue is made primarily of the protein collagen.
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Chapter 5:Tissues and Membranes-Part B
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Sample Questions
Q1) The space between two nerve cells is a(n)____________________,where the nerve impulse is carried by a(n)___________________________.
Q2) The connective tissue membrane that lines joint cavities is a(n)_______________________.
Q3) The type of muscle tissue found in the uterus is __________________________.
Q4) The general function of white blood cells is to ______________________________.
Q5) The respiratory tract is lined with _____________________ membrane,some cells of which have _______________________ to sweep pathogens out.
Q6) Chondrocytes are the cells found in _________________________.
Q7) The digestive enzymes of the small intestine are secreted by ___________________________ tissue.
Q8) All muscle contraction moves something; cardiac muscle contraction moves _____________.
Q9) The type of muscle tissue that MUST receive nerve impulses to contract is ___________________________.
Q10) Fibrous connective tissue is made primarily of _________________________.
Q11) The protein hemoglobin is found in _____________________ cells,and contains the mineral ________________________. Page 16
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Chapter 5:Tissues and Membranes-Part C
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Sample Questions
Q1) Cartilage is found in joints because it:
A)provides a smooth surface
B)has many capillaries to nourish the surrounding bone
C)both A and B
D)both A and B,and it contributes to repair of fractures
Q2) The fluid that prevents friction between the pleural membranes is:
A)serous fluid
B)mucus
C)plasma
D)synovial fluid
Q3) The body is supported by:
A)cartilage
B)bone
C)skeletal muscle tissue
D)fibrous connective tissue
Q4) The fluid that transports nutrients in the blood is:
A)serous fluid
B)mucus
C)plasma
D)synovial fluid
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Chapter 6:The Integumentary System-Part A
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which of the following statements are true of the layers of the skin (Select all that apply)?
A)The dermis contains fibrous connective tissue,which provides waterproofing for the skin.
B)The epidermis is made of stratified columnar epithelium.
C)The subcutaneous tissue is directly external to the dermis.
D)The dermis contains elastic connective tissue that provides recoil when the skin is stretched.
E)The papillary layer of the dermis contains capillaries to nourish the stratum corneum.
F)The epidermis is thickest on the palms and soles.
Q2) Which of the following statements are true of the superficial fascia (Select all that apply)?
A)Adipose tissue has potential energy in the form of fat.
B)Areolar connective tissue contains many white blood cells.
C)This layer is a secondary line of defense for the body because it is just within the skin.
D)The mast cells in this layer produce histamine,which contributes to inflammation.
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19
Chapter 6:The Integumentary System-Part B
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Sample Questions
Q1) The outer layer of the skin is the __________________________.
Q2) Prevention of water loss or entry is a function of the stratum _______________ of the epidermis.
Q3) The arterioles in the dermis will dilate when the external environment becomes _____________________.
Q4) The ends of fingers and toes are protected from mechanical injury by ________________.
Q5) Scratching an itch is efficient because fingers have
Q6) The layer of the integumentary system that cushions some bones is the
Q7) The layer of the skin that is made of stratified squamous epithelium is the
Q8) Prevention of the entry of pathogens is a function of the stratum _________________ of the epidermis.
Q9) The glands that secrete cerumen are called _________________________.
Q10) Human hair has an insulating function for the ______________________.
20
Q11) The new cells of the epidermis produce the protein
Q12) If intact,the stratum corneum is a very good barrier to ____________________ and ________________________.
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Page 21
Chapter 6:The Integumentary System-Part C
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80 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Free nerve endings in the skin are the receptors for:
A)pressure,pain,and itch
B)pain,cold,and pressure
C)touch,pressure,and pain
D)heat,cold,itch,and pain
Q2) A hair follicle:
A)has its base in the dermis
B)has a hair root at its base
C)both A and B
D)both A and B,and has a pilomotor muscle that can pull the follicle upright
Q3) Blood flow through the dermis of the skin is decreased by:
A)vasoconstriction in cold weather
B)vasoconstriction in hot weather
C)vasodilation in hot weather
D)vasodilation in cold weather
Q4) Ultraviolet rays of the sun stimulate production of ___ in the skin.
A)keratin
B)collagen
C)melanin
D)all of these
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Chapter 7:The Skeletal System-Part A
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which of the following statements are true of the paranasal sinuses (Select all that apply)?
A)They are lined with simple squamous epithelium that is smooth to prevent friction.
B)They are air cavities in the frontal and parietal bones.
C)If they fill with mucus,they may become painful.
D)An upper respiratory pathogen may infect these sinuses.
E)They make the skull lighter in weight.
F)They provide more air to vibrate when we speak.
Q2) Which of the following statements are true of the vertebral column (Select all that apply)?
A)There are 12 thoracic vertebrae and 8 cervical vertebrae.
B)Discs of fibrous cartilage form the joints between vertebrae.
C)The sacral and lumbar vertebrae each consist of 5 fused vertebrae.
D)Within the vertebral canal is the spinal cord.
E)The spinous and transverse processes provide for muscle attachment.
F)The backbone as a whole is flexible because it has so many gliding joints.
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Chapter 7:The Skeletal System-Part B
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Sample Questions
Q1) The inherited maximum height a child can attain is called the ________________________.
Q2) The parietal and temporal bones form a(n)_____________________ joint.
Q3) Two hormones that provide the ATP production needed for growing bones are _______________________ and ____________________.
Q4) On the epiphysis side of an epiphyseal disc,the process taking place is the ________________________________________________.
Q5) Flat and irregular bones are made primarily of ____________________ bone.
Q6) The paranasal sinuses are lined with ___________________ epithelium.
Q7) The human spine has two sets of fused vertebrae; these are the _______________ and the __________________.
Q8) Bone matrix is made primarily of salts of _________________ and _____________________.
Q9) The type of bone that is made of osteons is _____________________ bone.
Q10) On the diaphysis side of an epiphyseal disc,the process taking place is ______________________________________________________.
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Q11) The vertebrae posterior to the lungs are called ___________________ vertebrae,and there are _____ of them.
Chapter 7:The Skeletal System-Part C
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which statement is true of compact bone?
A)It is made of osteons (haversian systems)and found within flat and irregular bones.
B)It is made of osteons and found in the diaphysis of a long bone.
C)It is not made of osteons and is found in the diaphysis of a long bone.
D)It is not made of osteons and is found within flat and irregular bones.
Q2) The paranasal sinuses open into the:
A)middle ear
B)nasal cavities
C)brain
D)mouth
Q3) In the embryo frontal bone:
A)the first osteoblasts come from fibroblasts
B)the first osteoblasts begin a center of ossification
C)both A and B
D)both A and B,and the osteoblasts secrete calcium salts
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Chapter 8:The Muscular System-Part A
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which of the following statements are true of muscle arrangements (Select all that apply)?
A)Antagonistic muscles are those with opposite functions.
B)Synergistic muscles are those with alternating functions.
C)If one muscle pushes a bone one way,another muscle will be needed to push the bone the other way.
D)The muscle that does most of the work of a movement is the first responder.
E)A muscle may have more than one synergist because the bone to be moved may be in several different positions.
F)An antagonist to a muscle is usually found on the opposite side of the joint to be moved.
Q2) Which of the following statements are true of energy sources for muscle contraction (Select all that apply)?
A)The most abundant energy source is ATP.
B)The direct (immediate)energy source is glycogen.
C)When creatine phosphate is used for energy,the waste product urea is formed.
D)Glycogen is stored in muscles for use during exercise.
E)The first step in the use of glycogen for energy is its conversion to glucose.
F)The energy from creatine phosphate is used to make more ATP.
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26
Chapter 8:The Muscular System-Part B
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Sample Questions
Q1) In the sliding filament mechanism,___________________ filaments pull ______________ filaments toward the center of the sarcomere.
Q2) The muscle on the upper back that raises or lowers the shoulder is the __________________.
Q3) In muscles,oxygen is stored by _________________________.
Q4) The muscle on the ventral side of the trunk that flexes the vertebral column is the _____________________________.
Q5) In cell respiration,the waste product produced is ___________________.
Q6) In the sliding filament mechanism,the inhibiting proteins are ___________________ and _________________________.
Q7) In the neuromuscular junction,the _______________________ is the space.
Q8) The muscle on the lateral side of the hip that abducts the thigh is the ____________________.
Q9) The organ system that is moved by muscles is the _______________________ system.
Q10) Muscles that move the forearm must cross the _____________________ joint.
Page 27
Q11) In the neuromuscular junction,acetylcholine is contained within the _________________________.
Q12) An antagonist to the gastrocnemius is the __________________________.
Q13) When a muscle contracts,its specific action is to __________________ a bone.
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Chapter 8:The Muscular System-Part C
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Sample Questions
Q1) The organ system that exchanges oxygen and carbon dioxide between the air and blood is the:
A)nervous system
B)circulatory system
C)skeletal system
D)respiratory system
Q2) When a muscle fiber contracts,the energy from ATP is released by:
A)acetylcholine
B)actin
C)troponin
D)myosin
Q3) The function of the gluteus medius is to:
A)abduct the thigh
B)abduct the leg
C)adduct the thigh
D)adduct the leg
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29
Chapter 9:The Nervous System-Part A
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Q1) A(n)____________________ of a neuron carries impulses away from the cell body.
Q2) The cerebral hemispheres are connected by the ______________________________.
Q3) The _____________________________ division of the autonomic nervous system has acetylcholine as its only neurotransmitter.
Q4) The part of the brain that regulates the functioning of the autonomic nervous system is the __________________________.
Q5) The layer of the meninges that has villi for the reabsorption of cerebrospinal fluid is the _______________________________.
Q6) The __________________________ of the brain regulate accessory movements such as gestures.
Q7) There are _________ pairs of cervical spinal nerves,and they supply the ________________.
Q8) The ______________________________ division of the autonomic nervous system dominates in relaxed situations,and the __________________________ division dominates in stressful situations.
Q10) The dura matter is made of ________________________ tissue,and is the __________________________ (location)layer of the meninges. Page 30
Q9) The _______________________ form the myelin sheath of peripheral neurons.
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Chapter 9:The Nervous System-Part B
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Q1) Which of the following statements are true of stretch and flexor reflexes (Select all that apply)?
A)Stretch reflexes enable us to reach outward or upward very quickly.
B)Flexor reflexes enable us to pull away from harm.
C)Stretch reflexes are two-neuron reflexes in which a sensory neuron synapses directly with a motor neuron.
D)These are spinal cord reflexes that the brain cannot inhibit.
E)The patellar reflex is a flexor reflex that may be used clinically.
F)In a stretch reflex,a muscle that is stretched will contract.
Q2) Which of the following statements are true of the parasympathetic division of the autonomic nervous system (Select all that apply)?
A)Its other name is cervicalsacral.
B)It dominates in nonstressful situations.
C)Its neurotransmitters are acetylcholine and norepinephrine.
D)Its ganglia are near or in the visceral effectors.
E)It promotes normal urination and defecation.
F)It constricts the pupils of the eyes.
G)It causes vasodilation in skeletal muscles.
H)It slows digestion to conserve energy.
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Page 32
Chapter 9:The Nervous System-Part C
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Q1) Depolarization of a neuron is:
A)a stabilization of charges on either side of the cell membrane
B)a neutralization of charges within the cytoplasm
C)a decrease of charges within the cytoplasm
D)a reversal of charges on either side of the cell membrane
Q2) Which of these is NOT a sympathetic response of the autonomic nervous system?
A)glycogen converted to glucose by the liver
B)increased heart rate
C)increased peristalsis
D)vasodilation in skeletal muscles
Q3) Which statement is NOT true of neurons?
A)Sensory neurons carry impulses to effectors.
B)Interneurons are found only in the CNS.
C)Motor neurons carry impulses away from the CNS.
D)Nerve tracts are within the CNS.
Q4) What happens in a stretch reflex?
A)A stretched muscle is stretched further.
B)A stretched muscle will contract.
C)Part of the body pushes away a painful stimulus.
D)Part of the body is pulled away from a painful stimulus.
Page 33
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Chapter 10:The Senses-Part A
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Q1) Which of the following statements are true of the physiology of vision (Select all that apply)?
A)Cones are the receptors for color and are most numerous in the optic disc.
B)The lens adjusts for distant vision,and the cornea adjusts for near vision.
C)For near vision,the pupils dilate and the eyes converge.
D)The optic chiasma is a crossing of optic nerve fibers that contributes to binocular vision.
E)The visual areas are in the occipital lobes of the cerebrum.
F)Rods are most numerous at the periphery of the retina.
G)The optic tracts for visual impulses include the thalamus and midbrain.
H)Adaptation occurs with the sense of sight,but after-images do not.
Q2) Which of the following statements are true of arterial receptors (Select all that apply)?
A)Pressoreceptors detect changes in blood pressure.
B)These receptors are found in the carotid arteries,which are within the brain.
C)These receptors are also in the aortic arch,which is in the thoracic cavity.
D)Arterial chemoreceptors detect changes in nutrient levels in the blood.
E)The information from these receptors is used to make changes in breathing and heart rate.
F)The cranial nerves that are sensory are the facial and glossopharyngeal.
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Chapter 10:The Senses-Part B
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Q1) The cranial nerve pair concerned with equilibrium is the _______________________.
Q2) The receptors for hearing are located in the ___________________ of the inner ear.
Q3) Becoming unaware of a continuing stimulus is called __________________________.
Q4) There are _______________ semicircular canals,and their receptors are called _______________________.
Q5) Arterial pressoreceptors detect changes in ___________________________.
Q6) For the sense of hunger,receptors are located in the ______________________,and the sensation is projected to the __________________________.
Q7) The first part of the eye that refracts light rays is the ________________________.
Q8) The cranial nerve pairs for movement of the eyeball are the _______________________,___________________________,and
Q10) The _____________________ glands produce tears. Page 35
Q9) The part of the eye that helps keep the retina in place is the __________________________.
Q11) Vitamin A is necessary for vision for the formation of _______________________.
Q12) The optic disc of the eye is the site of the ____________________________.
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Chapter 10:The Senses-Part C
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118 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) The part of the eye that keeps dust out of the eye is the:
A)eyelashes
B)cornea
C)sclera
D)conjunctiva
Q2) Which part of the ear is NOT paired with its correct function?
A)organ of Corti - has receptors for hearing
B)eustachian tube - releases pressure in the cochlea
C)oval window - receives vibrations from the stapes
D)utricle - responds to gravity
Q3) The ciliary muscle of the eye:
A)changes the shape of the lens
B)changes the shape of the pupil
C)moves the eyeball
D)adjusts the retina for best focus
Q4) The cranial nerve pair concerned with hearing is the:
A)accessory
B)trochlear
C)acoustic
D)vagus
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Chapter 11:The Endocrine System-Part A
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13 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which of the following statements are true of aldosterone (Select all that apply)?
A)It is secreted by the adrenal cortex.
B)It increases the reabsorption of K+ ions by the kidneys.
C)It increases the excretion of Na+ ions by the kidneys.
D)Normal secretion helps maintain normal blood volume because water is reabsorbed by the kidneys.
E)In the absence of aldosterone,blood pressure will rise to dangerous levels.
F)Normal secretion helps prevent blood pH from rising too high.
Q2) Which of the following statements are true of the gonadotropic hormones (Select all that apply)?
A)In women,FSH initiates the growth of ovarian follicles.
B)In men,FSH initiates production of sperm cells.
C)In women,LH inhibits FSH to prevent multiple births.
D)In men,LH stimulates secretion of testosterone by interstitial cells.
E)In women,FSH stimulates ovulation,the release of a mature ovum.
F)In women,LH causes a ruptured ovarian follicle to become the corpus luteum.
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38
Chapter 11:The Endocrine System-Part B
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Sample Questions
Q1) The hormone ______________________ has an anti-inflammatory effect because it stabilizes the _________________________ within cells.
Q2) The specific cells that produce glucagon are _________________ cells,and they do so when the blood glucose level ________________________.
Q3) The direct stimulus for secretion of PTH is _____________________________.
Q4) The hormones necessary for growth of the endometrium are _____________________ and _________________________.
Q5) The hormone that enables cells to take in glucose to use for energy production is __________________,produced by the _________________________.
Q6) Insulin enables cells to take in amino acids and use them for ________________________.
Q7) The direct stimulus for the secretion of testosterone is ___________________________.
Q8) The adrenal hormone that has the secondary effects of increasing blood volume and blood pressure is ___________________________.
Q9) The primary function of ADH is to increase _________________________________ by the
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Chapter 11:The Endocrine System-Part C
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104 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which hormone is paired with its correct stimulus for secretion?
A)epinephrine - sympathetic impulses
B)aldosterone - high blood sodium level
C)testosterone - FSH
D)ADH - increased water in the body
Q2) Which endocrine disorder is NOT paired with its proper description?
A)Cushing's syndrome - bones and skin become fragile
B)myxedema - muscular weakness,slow heart rate,weight gain
C)giantism - excessive growth of long bones
D)Addison's disease - high blood pressure and hyperglycemia
Q3) The hormone that increases the blood calcium level is:
A)thyroxine
B)PTH
C)calcitonin
D)insulin
Q4) The hormone that initiates sperm production in the testes is:
A)FSH
B)LH
C)ACTH
D)GH
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Chapter 12:Blood-Part A
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which of the following statements are true of white blood cells (WBCs)(Select all that apply)?
A)The most numerous WBCs are the lymphocytes.
B)Monocytes become macrophages that are capable of phagocytosis.
C)Eosinophils increase during allergic reactions.
D)Basophils contribute to the process of inflammation.
E)The most numerous phagocytes are the neutrophils.
F)B lymphocytes phagocytize small pathogens.
G)T lymphocytes become plasma cells that produce antibodies.
H)The relative percentages of the various kinds of WBCs is called a comparative count.
Q2) Which of the following statements are true of blood viscosity and pH (Select all that apply)?
A)Plasma proteins decrease blood viscosity,so that blood flows smoothly.
B)The normal pH range of blood is 7.35 to 7.45.
C)Blood viscosity contributes to normal blood pressure.
D)Oxygen has a greater effect on blood pH than does carbon dioxide.
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Chapter 12:Blood-Part B
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Sample Questions
Q1) All of the kinds of blood cells are produced in _________________________,which is found in ______________________.
Q2) The life span of RBCs is approximately ______________________.
Q3) The kind of WBC that differentiates into a macrophage is the ________________________.
Q4) The pH of the blood will decrease if the amount of carbon dioxide it carries _____________.
Q5) A type O person has ______________________________________ on the RBCs and ____________________________________________ in the plasma.
Q6) The term for a low platelet count is _________________________.
Q7) In the process of chemical clotting,the result of the third stage is ______________________.
Q8) An abnormal clot that forms within a vessel is called a(n)__________________________.
Q9) When a blood clot has served its purpose,it is removed by the process of ____________________.
Q10) The term for a high WBC count is _______________________.
Q11) The vitamin necessary for chemical clotting is ________________. Page 42
Q12) The kind of WBC that produces antibodies is the _________________________.
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Chapter 12:Blood-Part C
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Sample Questions
Q1) The kind of WBC that produces antibodies is the:
A)eosinophil
B)neutrophil
C)monocyte
D)lymphocyte
Q2) The laboratory procedure called a differential is the:
A)percent of WBCs in the total blood
B)percent of WBCs compared to the percent of RBCs
C)percent of the granular WBCs
D)percent of each type of WBC
Q3) Bleeding tendencies might accompany:
A)anemia
B)leukocytosis
C)polycythemia
D)thrombocytopenia
Q4) White blood cells are produced in the:
A)red bone marrow
B)lymphatic tissue
C)both A and B
D)both A and B,and in the liver
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Chapter 13:The Heart-Part A
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which of the following statements are true of the cardiac cycle (Select all that apply)?
A)The cardiac cycle is all of the events that take place in the heart in 1 minute.
B)Atrial systole is accompanied by ventricular diastole and is followed by ventricular systole.
C)Systole is the contraction phase,and diastole is the relaxation phase.
D)Most of the blood that moves from the atria to the ventricles is pumped.
E)About a third of the blood that moves from the ventricles to the arteries flows passively.
F)The AV valves are closed by the contraction of the ventricles.
Q2) Which of the following statements are true of cardiac output (Select all that apply)?
A)Cardiac output equals stroke volume plus pulse.
B)Average resting cardiac output is approximately 5 liters per hour,and varies with the size of the person.
C)A certain level of cardiac output is necessary to maintain proper oxygenation of tissues.
D)Cardiac output may be decreased by severe hemorrhage.
Q3)
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Chapter 13:The Heart-Part B
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Sample Questions
Q1) The aortic and pulmonary semilunar valves close when the ____________________ relax.
Q2) The ___________________ valve prevents backflow of blood from the right ventricle to the right atrium.
Q3) To calculate cardiac output,multiply _______________ times ___________________.
Q4) The superior vena cava returns blood from the _______________________ to the ______________________ of the heart.
Q5) The aorta takes blood from the ______________ ventricle to the __________________.
Q6) The _________________________ returns blood from the lower body to the right atrium.
Q7) The heart rate is decreased by impulses carried by ________________________ nerves.
Q8) For the myocardium,the most important substance in the blood is ____________________.
Q9) Impulses carried by the vagus nerves to the heart will __________________ the heart rate.
Q10) The ___________________________ emerges from the right ventricle and takes blood to the ___________________________. Page 46
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Chapter 13:The Heart-Part C
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Sample Questions
Q1) The function of the endocardium is to:
A)pump blood
B)prevent friction
C)prevent abnormal clotting
D)prevent excessive contraction
Q2) The function of the serous fluid between the parietal pericardium and visceral pericardium is to:
A)help pump blood
B)prevent friction
C)prevent abnormal blood clotting
D)prevent prolonged contraction
Q3) The name for the lining of the chambers of the heart is:
A)mesocardium
B)myocardium
C)epicardium
D)endocardium
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Chapter 14:The Vascular System-Part A
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which of the following statements are true of arteries and veins (Select all that apply)?
A)Venous anastomoses ensure that oxygenated blood will get to tissues.
B)The endothelium of both arteries and veins contributes to the prevention of abnormal clotting.
C)The smooth muscle layer of veins is thicker than that of arteries because veins are farther from the heart.
D)Only veins have valves,which keep the blood moving between heartbeats.
E)The fibrous connective tissue layer of arteries is relatively thin because the blood is moving fast.
F)Arterial anastomoses ensure that blood will be able to return to the heart.
Q2) Which of the following statements are true of venous return (Select all that apply)?
A)Starling's law of the heart depends upon venous return.
B)Venous return is the volume of blood the veins return to the heart.
C)Ordinary walking increases venous return because it increases the skeletal muscle pump.
D)Breathing faster and deeper will increase venous return.
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Chapter 14:The Vascular System-Part B
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Sample Questions
Q1) One purpose of hepatic portal circulation is to enable the liver to receive alcohol absorbed by the stomach and _____________________ it before blood reaches the ____________________.
Q2) The _____________________ of the brain regulates the diameter of arteries and veins,and has a _______________________ area and a ______________________ area.
Q3) In fetal circulation,the _______________________ permits blood to flow from the right atrium to the left atrium.
Q4) The outer layer of the wall of a vein is thin because ________________________ in veins is low.
Q5) In veins,backflow of blood is prevented by __________________.
Q6) To compensate for a small loss of blood,the heart rate will _______________________.
Q7) The respiratory pump is especially important for venous return by the veins in the _______________________________.
Q8) The flow of blood into a capillary network is regulated by a(n)_______________________,which is made of ____________________________ tissue.
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Q9) If venous return decreases,cardiac output will ________________________.
Chapter 14:The Vascular System-Part C
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110 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) In portal circulation,blood from the ___ flows through the liver before returning to the
A)digestive organs and spleen/heart
B)heart/lungs
C)heart/digestive organs and spleen
D)lungs/heart
Q2) Angiotensin II causes ___ and the secretion of the hormone ___.
A)vasoconstriction/ADH
B)vasodilation/ADH
C)vasoconstriction/aldosterone
D)vasodilation/aldosterone
Q3) In the fetus,the foramen ovale permits blood to flow:
A)from the right atrium to the left atrium
B)from the left atrium to the right atrium
C)from the right ventricle to the left ventricle
D)from the left ventricle to the right ventricle
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which of the following statements are true of lymph nodes and lymph nodules (Select all that apply)?
A)Lymph nodules are found in all mucous membranes.
B)Lymph nodes are found along the pathways of lymph vessels.
C)Both nodes and nodules contain macrophages and lymphocytes.
D)The tonsils and Peyer's patches are the lymphatic tissue of the pharynx.
E)Two of the most important paired groups of lymph nodes are the axillary and the inguinal nodes.
F)Within nodes and nodules,antibodies are produced by IG cells.
Q2) Which of the following statements are true of the spleen and thymus (Select all that apply)?
A)The spleen is located behind the stomach and is protected by the right lower rib cage.
B)The thymus is located on the back of the trachea above the thyroid gland.
C)The thymus is a source of T lymphocytes,and is the site of maturation for these cells.
D)The spleen is a reservoir for platelets and monocytes.
E)If the spleen must be removed,the liver will help compensate by producing antibodies.
F)The thymus is essential for the development of cell-mediated immunity.
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Chapter 15:The Lymphatic System and Immunity-Part B
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Sample Questions
Q1) The right lymphatic duct empties lymph into the ______________________ vein.
Q2) The _______________________ lymph nodes destroy pathogens in the lymph returning from the head.
Q3) In adaptive immunity,the labeling of a foreign antigen by antibodies is called _______________________.
Q4) Water found in the spaces between cells is called __________________________.
Q5) In innate immunity,the body's outermost defense is an unbroken_______________________.
Q6) In adaptive immunity,the mechanism that does not involve antibody production is _________________________________.
Q7) In adaptive immunity,the process of complement fixation is activated by a(n)________________________________________.
Q8) The vessel that empties lymph into the left subclavian vein is the _______________________.
Q9) An antibody molecule is made of _______________ and is shaped like a(n)___________.
Q10) In adaptive immunity,when antibodies bond to bacteria they may cause clumping,which is called _____________________. Page 53
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Chapter 15:The Lymphatic System and Immunity-Part C
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121 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) The mechanism of adaptive immunity that involves antibody production is called:
A)cellular immunity
B)antigen immunity
C)cell-mediated immunity
D)humoral immunity
Q2) The T cells that participate in the recognition of foreign antigens are called:
A)helper T cells
B)cytotoxic T cells
C)memory T cells
D)killer T cells
Q3) Which class of antibodies provides long-term immunity following recovery from a disease?
A)IgA
B)IgG
C)IgE
D)IgD
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55
Chapter 16:The Respiratory System-Part A
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10 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which of the following statements are true of the upper respiratory tract (Select all that apply)?
A)The stratified squamous epithelium of the nasal mucosa is a good barrier to pathogens.
B)The nasopharynx and oropharynx are air passages only.
C)The tonsils are the lymphatic tissue of the pharynx.
D)The nasal mucosa warms and moistens inhaled air.
E)The conchae increase the surface area of the nasopharynx.
F)The laryngopharynx opens into the larynx and the esophagus.
Q2) Which of the following statements are true of the nervous regulation of respiration (Select all that apply)?
A)The inspiration and expiration centers are in the medulla.
B)The normal breathing rhythm is regulated by the medulla and midbrain.
C)The smooth muscle of the diaphragm does not require nerve impulses to contract.
D)The inflation reflex increases tidal volume when necessary.
E)The pneumotaxic center in the pons prolongs inhalation.
F)Impulses from the cerebrum,for singing,can override the medulla,but not indefinitely.
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Chapter 16:The Respiratory System-Part B
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Sample Questions
Q1) In external respiration,oxygen diffuses from the _______________________ to the _____________________________.
Q2) The function of the pneumotaxic center is to help bring about _________________________.
Q3) The diaphragm contracts during ________________________ and relaxes during __________________________.
Q4) The function of the serous fluid of the pleural membranes is to prevent _________________ during ______________________.
Q5) The laryngopharynx opens into the _____________________ and the _____________________.
Q6) Pulmonary surfactant permits normal inhalation because it decreases the ______________________ within alveoli.
Q7) The nerve impulses that stimulate contraction of the respiratory muscles come from the ________________________ center in the
Q8) The bronchioles differ from the bronchi in that there is no ______________________ in their walls and they may
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Q9) Inhaled air is first warmed by the _______________________________.
Chapter 16:The Respiratory System-Part C
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122 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) The function of hemoglobin is to:
A)carry most oxygen and most carbon dioxide
B)carry most oxygen
C)carry most carbon dioxide bonded to iron
D)carry some oxygen and most carbon dioxide
Q2) The elastic connective tissue of the lungs is important to:
A)make inhalation possible
B)make a normal inhalation a passive process
C)prevent friction during breathing
D)make a normal exhalation a passive process
Q3) Which statement is NOT true of the transport of gases in the blood?
A)Oxygen is carried by the hemoglobin in RBCs.
B)Most carbon dioxide is carried as carbonic acid in the plasma.
C)Oxygen is released wherever the PO2 is low.
D)Carbon dioxide is released when blood reaches the pulmonary capillaries.
Q4) Which statement is NOT true of the air pressures involved in breathing?
A)Intrapleural pressure is always below atmospheric pressure.
B)Atmospheric pressure is highest at sea level.
C)Intrapulmonic pressure constantly changes during breathing.
D)Enlargement of the chest cavity causes intrapulmonic pressure to increase.
58
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Chapter 17:The Digestive System-Part A
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which of the following statements are true of the small intestine (Select all that apply)?
A)The hormones secretin and cholecystokinin are secreted by the duodenum.
B)The stomach empties chyme into the duodenum.
C)The jejunum empties chyme into the large intestine.
D)Sucrase,maltase,and lactase digest polysaccharides to monosaccharides.
E)Peptidases digest polypeptides to short peptides or amino acids.
F)Bile salts are necessary for the absorption of fatty acids and the vitamins B and C.
G)Villi are folds of the mucosa,and contain arteries and veins.
H)Microvilli increase the surface area of the columnar cells of the intestinal mucosa.
Q2) Which of the following statements are true of the pharynx and esophagus (Select all that apply)?
A)Peristalsis of the esophagus is part of the swallowing reflex.
B)The oropharynx and laryngopharynx are passageways for both food and air (at different times).
C)The lower esophageal sphincter (LES)is usually contracted,except when something is swallowed.
D)No digestion takes place in the pharynx or esophagus.
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Chapter 17:The Digestive System-Part B
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Sample Questions
Q1) The _______________________ in saliva digests starch to maltose.
Q2) During swallowing,the opening from the pharynx to the larynx is covered by the __________________________.
Q3) The liver excretes bilirubin into __________________ to be eliminated in ______________.
Q4) The ileum of the _________________ empties into the _________________ of the colon.
Q5) In the villi of the small intestine,positive ions are absorbed into the ______________________ by the process of __________________________.
Q6) The part of gastric juice that kills most ingested bacteria is _________________________.
Q7) The lower esophageal sphincter prevents backup of food from the _______________________ to the ___________________________.
Q8) In the process of transamination,the liver synthesizes the _________________________.
Q9) The _______________________ colon turns inferiorly at the spleen and continues as the _____________________________ colon.
Page 60
Q10) Four vitamins stored by the liver are ________,________,________,and ________.
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Chapter 17:The Digestive System-Part C
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Sample Questions
Q1) The digestive organ that encircles the small intestine within the abdominal cavity is the:
A)stomach
B)liver
C)colon
D)pancreas
Q2) The process of breaking food into smaller pieces with more surface area is called:
A)chemical digestion
B)energy digestion
C)cell respiration
D)mechanical digestion
Q3) The function of the parietal cells of the gastric mucosa is to secrete:
A)pepsinogen
B)hydrochloric acid and pepsinogen
C)pepsin and intrinsic factor
D)hydrochloric acid and intrinsic factor
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Chapter 18:Body Temperature and Metabolism-Part A
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which of the following statements are true of heat loss (Select all that apply)?
A)The process of sweating brings about heat loss by way of diffusion.
B)Most heat that is lost from the body is lost through the skin.
C)Blood is warmed by passage through active organs,and carries heat to cooler body areas.
D)Small amounts of body heat are lost with exhalations.
E)A breeze cools the skin surface by the process of radiation.
F)If the environmental temperature is 80oF and the humidity is 90%,sweating will be the most efficient mechanism of heat loss.
Q2) Which of the following statements are true of heat production (Select all that apply)?
A)The skin is a large organ and produces 30% of the body's total heat.
B)The liver is a large organ and produces 20% of the body's total heat.
C)Heat production is a constant process because ATP production is a constant process.
D)Skeletal muscles produce heat only during exercise.
E)Heat is one of the energy products of cell respiration.
F)The brain is a large organ and produces about 20% of the body's total heat.
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63
Chapter 18:Body Temperature and Metabolism-Part B
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Sample Questions
Q1) The hypothalamus is the thermostat of the body because it balances the _______________________ responses and the _______________________ responses.
Q2) A fever-causing substance that is produced by the person's own cells is called a(n)__________________________.
Q3) The age group with the lowest average metabolic rate is the __________________________.
Q4) Loss of body heat from the respiratory tract occurs because of ______________________ of ______________________ in air that is exhaled.
Q5) The term for the total heat production by the body is _______________________.
Q6) A young child has a(n)___________________ metabolic rate than does an elderly person.
Q7) The normal range of human body temperature in degrees Celsius is __________ to ___________.
Q8) During stressful situations,the hormone that most contributes to greater heat production is ____________________.
Q10) Vasodilation in the dermis will ___________________ the loss of heat. Page 64
Q9) In cell respiration,when oxygen is not present during glycolysis,____________________ is formed from glucose.
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Chapter 18:Body Temperature and Metabolism-Part C
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Sample Questions
Q1) A fever-producing substance that is produced by a person's own cells has the name:
A)exogenous pyrogen
B)heat-induction factor
C)endogenous pyrogen
D)thermal intrinsic factor
Q2) In cell respiration,oxygen is NOT required for:
A)glycolysis
B)the Krebs cycle
C)the cytochrome transport system
D)A and B only
Q3) Which statement is NOT true of what happens in the process of cell respiration?
A)Most of the ATP is produced in the cytochrome transport system.
B)In glycolysis,a molecule of glucose is broken down into two pyruvic acid molecules.
C)Carbon dioxide is produced during glycolysis when oxygen is present.
D)Metabolic water is produced in the cytochrome transport system.
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Chapter 19:The Urinary System-Part A
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which of the following statements are true of the kidneys and erythropoietin (Select all that apply)?
A)A person with chronic kidney failure may have chronic anemia as well.
B)The stimulus for secretion of erythropoietin is hypoxia.
C)The target tissue of erythropoietin is the red bone marrow.
D)Erythropoietin simulates increased production of all of the kinds of blood cells.
Q2) Which of the following statements are true of tubular secretion (Select all that apply)?
A)Hydrogen ions may be secreted in response to a decrease in the pH of the blood.
B)The metabolic products of medications may be secreted into the peritubular capillaries.
C)Creatinine is a nitrogenous waste product that may be actively secreted.
D)Tubular secretion takes place from the renal tubules to the peritubular capillaries.
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Chapter 19:The Urinary System-Part B
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Sample Questions
Q1) The term renal pyramids is another name for the
Q2) As part of the urination reflex,the internal urethral sphincter
Q3) The purpose of urine formation is to excrete ____________________________,and to regulate the ______________________ and ___________________ of the blood.
Q4) The outer layer of kidney tissue is called the ______________________________.
Q5) In the kidneys,the hormone that increases the reabsorption of sodium ions is _____________________,and the hormone that increases the secretion of sodium ions is ______________________.
Q6) The stimulus for the urination reflex is stretching of the _________________________.
Q7) The part of the CNS that is directly involved in the urination reflex is the _________________________.
Q8) The nephrons of the kidneys form _________________,and thereby regulate and maintain the ______________________ and _____________________ of the blood.
Page 68
Q9) In the kidney,loops of Henle and collecting tubules are located in the
Q10) Normal urinary output per 24 hours is _________ to _________ liters.
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Chapter 19:The Urinary System-Part C
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Q1) The process of urine formation depends upon blood flow through the kidney in this order:
1.glomerulus
2.afferent arteriole
3.peritubular capillarie
4.efferent arterioles
A)1,3,2,4
B)2,1,4,3
C)3,2,1,4
D)4,1,2,3
Q2) The parts of a nephron found in the renal medulla are the:
A)collecting tubules
B)loops of Henle
C)both A and B
D)both A and B,and the renal corpuscles
Q3) The creatinine in urine comes from energy metabolism in:
A)adipose tissue
B)nerve tissue
C)the liver
D)the skeletal muscles
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Chapter 20:Fluid Electrolyte and Acid Base Balance-Part
6 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which of the following statements are true of water intake and output (Select all that apply)?
A)Most water intake is in the form of water and other beverages.
B)Most water output is in the form of urine.
C)Metabolic water provides 25% of the total water intake because cell respiration is a constant process.
D)Most foods do not provide water.
E)Water loss by way of sweating may vary greatly from day to day.
F)Water loss by way of breathing is the water vapor in exhaled air.
Q2) Which of the following statements are true of water and water compartments (Select all that apply)?
A)Interstitial fluid is another name for intracellular fluid.
B)Water moves into and out of cells mainly by osmosis.
C)Lymph was previously tissue fluid and will become plasma.
D)Tissue fluid is formed from plasma by the process of filtration.
E)Cerebrospinal fluid is the tissue fluid of the CNS and is formed by active transport.
F)The largest water compartment is plasma,and the smallest is tissue fluid.
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Chapter 20:Fluid Electrolyte and Acid Base Balance-Part B
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Sample Questions
Q1) When there is too little water in the body,the secretion of the hormone ________________ increases,and urinary output ____________________.
Q2) Negative ions such as chloride or sulfate are called _________________________.
Q3) The major effect of acidosis on the body is __________________________________.
Q4) The pH-regulating mechanisms,in order,from greatest to least capacity to buffer an ongoing pH imbalance,are the _________________________,________________________ and ______________________________.
Q5) Osmosis can be simply defined as the ________________________ of water.
Q6) If the kidneys are excreting more hydrogen ions,the pH of body fluids will probably ________________.
Q7) The movement of water through a membrane from an area of higher pressure to an area of lower pressure is called ________________________.
Q8) Intracellular fluid is found _____________________,and is approximately _______________ of the total body fluid.
Q10) Positive ions such as sodium or calcium are called Page 72
Q9) The osmolarity of a solution refers to the concentration of ____________________________.
Q11) The major effect of alkalosis on the body is __________________________________.
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Chapter 20:Fluid Electrolyte and Acid Base Balance-Part
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Sample Questions
Q1) Water loss from the body,from least to greatest amounts,is:
A)exhalation/feces/sweat/urine
B)feces/sweat/exhalation/urine
C)exhalation/feces/urine/sweat
D)feces/exhalation/sweat/urine
Q2) The movement of water through a membrane to an area with more dissolved material is called:
A)osmosis
B)filtration
C)facilitated diffusion
D)active transport
Q3) The electrolyte that is an important part of gastric juice is:
A)phosphate
B)chloride
C)calcium
D)sulfate
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Chapter 21:The Reproductive Systems-Part A
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which of the following statements are true of sperm (Select all that apply)?
A)The chromosomes are with the mitochondria because they require ATP in order to divide.
B)The flagellum provides for movement,and is most efficient in a moderately acidic environment.
C)The acrosome contains enzymes to digest the membrane of an ovum.
D)Millions of sperm are contained in 1 mL of semen.
Q2) Which of the following statements are true of the uterus (Select all that apply)?
A)Both estrogen and progesterone contribute to the growth of the endometrium.
B)Growth of the endometrium includes growth of blood vessels and storage of fatty acids as potential nutrients.
C)The smooth muscle of the myometrium contracts in response to oxytocin at the end of gestation.
D)The functional layer of the endometrium is permanent until menopause,when it is no longer needed.
E)The uterus is anterior to the urinary bladder and medial to the ovaries.
F)The cervix of the uterus opens into the vagina.
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Chapter 21:The Reproductive Systems-Part B
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Sample Questions
Q1) The epididymis carries sperm from the __________________ to the
Q2) In the mammary glands,the lactiferous ducts all converge at the _________________________.
Q3) The part of a sperm cell that contains the chromosomes is the ______________________.
Q4) The fimbriae of a fallopian tube enclose the __________________________.
Q5) The process of meiosis in the ovaries is called _______________________,and each cell produces _________ functional egg cell(s).
Q6) The part of the endometrium that is not lost in menstruation is the ________________________.
Q7) In the ovary,a mature follicle is called a ______________________ follicle.
Q8) The function of the flagellum of a sperm cell is _________________________.
Q9) The hormone that stimulates secretion of progesterone is _______________________.
Q10) The cervix of the uterus opens into the _________________________.
Q11) The sustentacular cells of the testes produce __________________________.
Q12) The vagina is ___________________ to the rectum and ______________________ to the urethra. Page 76
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Chapter 21:The Reproductive Systems-Part C
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Sample Questions
Q1) A fallopian tube extends from the ___ medially to the ___ laterally.
A)ovary/uterus
B)uterus/ovary
C)ovary/cervix
D)cervix/ovary
Q2) In the mammary glands,milk is produced by the:
A)adipose glands
B)apocrine glands
C)alveolar glands
D)adrenal glands
Q3) The hormones produced by the ovaries are:
A)progesterone and LH
B)estrogen and FSH
C)FSH,LH,estrogen,and progesterone
D)estrogen and progesterone
Q4) The part of a sperm cell that provides motility is the:
A)head
B)acrosome
C)flagellum
D)middle piece
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Chapter 22:Human Development and Genetics-Part A
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which of the following statements are true of genes and chromosomes (Select all that apply)?
A)Chromosomes are made of DNA and protein; genes are made of DNA.
B)A homologous pair of chromosomes consists of maternal and paternal chromosomes with genes for the same traits.
C)A human diploid body cell has 23 pairs of autosomes.
D)The sex chromosomes are XX for women and YY for men.
E)The DNA for a gene is the sequence of bases in the triplets for the amino acids that make up the protein that the gene is the code for.
F)The genome of a species is the number of chromosomes in one cell.
Q2) Which of the following statements are true of the primary germ layers of the embryo (Select all that apply)?
A)The ectoderm gives rise to the nervous system.
B)Mesoderm forms most of the liver and pancreas.
C)Bones come primarily from endoderm.
D)The lungs are epithelial tissue from the ectoderm.
E)The stomach lining is an inside surface,and is of endodermal origin.
F)Most organs have tissues from all three germ layers.
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Chapter 22:Human Development and Genetics-Part B
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Sample Questions
Q1) The umbilical arteries carry blood from the _____________________ to the
Q2) During pregnancy,the placental hormone that inhibits contractions of the myometrium is ______________________________.
Q3) In the placenta,oxygen and carbon dioxide move by the process of _____________________.
Q4) For people,having dimples is dominant and having no dimples is recessive. Genetics problem: Dad has no dimples and Mom is homozygous for dimples.The percent chance that a child of theirs will NOT have dimples is __________________.
Q5) During the third stage of labor,____________________________.
Q6) After birth,the ______________________ in the baby's heart is closed,which helps increase ___________________________ circulation.
Q7) When a zygote undergoes cleavage,the process of cell division is _____________________.
Q8) In the placenta,nutrients are taken into fetal vessels by the process of _____________________.
Q9) The sex chromosomes in women are called _______________.
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Q10) During the second stage of labor,________________________________.
Chapter 22:Human Development and Genetics-Part C
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Sample Questions
Q1) The umbilical vein contains blood that has:
A)a high level of carbon dioxide and nutrients
B)a high level of oxygen and nutrients
C)a high level of oxygen and waste products
D)a high level of carbon dioxide and waste products
Q2) The embryonic membrane that forms the first blood cells is the:
A)chorion
B)amnion
C)yolk sac
D)umbilical cord
Q3) The average gestation period lasts:
A)36 weeks
B)40 weeks
C)46 weeks
D)50 weeks
Q4) In the early embryo,the liver and pancreas are derived from the:
A)ectoderm
B)mesoderm
C)endoderm
D)intraderm
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Chapter 1:An Introduction to Microbiology and Human
Disease-Part A
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Sample Questions
Q1) When more than the usual number of cases of a disease occurs in a population,the disease is said to be:
A)endemic
B)epidemic
C)pandemic
D)epidemiologic
Q2) A portal of entry may be:
A)permanent,such as the mouth
B)temporary,such as a break in the skin
C)both A and B
D)both A and B,and constant,such as the nose
Q3) Potential sources of infectious disease include:
A)animals
B)food and water
C)objects people have touched
D)all of these
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Chapter 1:An Introduction to Microbiology and Human
Disease-Part B
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Sample Questions
Q1) A(n)_________________________ antibiotic is considered effective against just a few kinds of bacteria.
Q2) Spherical bacteria are called ____________________.
Q3) Ticks are vectors of _______________________ and _________________________.
Q4) Rod-shaped bacteria that grow in chains are called ______________________________.
Q5) The unicellular fungi are called ______________________,and they reproduce by the process of _______________________.
Q6) A self-limiting disease is one that _______________________________________.
Q7) A disease such as Lyme disease,which is spread from host to host by a vector,is considered _____________________________.
Q8) The incubation period of a disease is the time between the entry of the pathogen and the ______________________________.
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Q9) Spiral bacteria are called _____________________,rod-shaped bacteria are called ______________________,and spherical bacteria are called
Q10) The fatty acids in _____________________ inhibit the growth of some bacteria on the skin.
Q11) Fomites are ____________________________ that may be sources of pathogens.
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Chapter 1:An Introduction to Microbiology and Human
Disease-Part C
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which of the following statements are true of yeasts and molds (Select all that apply)?
A)A superficial mycosis affects the skin or mucous membranes.
B)Yeasts in small numbers may be part of the resident flora of the skin or oral cavity.
C)The molds that form mycelia are not considered part of resident flora.
D)People with compromised immune systems are more susceptible to systemic mycoses.
E)Several systemic mycoses are lung infections following the inhalation of spores.
F)Molds are true pathogens in that they always cause disease whenever they are present.
Q2) Which of the following statements are true of viruses (Select all that apply)?
A)A virus has either DNA or RNA surrounding its protein core.
B)To reproduce,a virus must be within a living cell.
C)Viruses spread from person to person only by direct contact.
D)Viruses cause disease by killing the cells they reproduce within.
E)The enzymes secreted by viruses are needed for them to obtain food.
F)Some viruses require insect vectors to spread from host to host.
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Page 85