Medical-Surgical Nursing Exam Preparation Guide
Course Introduction
Medical-Surgical Nursing is a foundational course that prepares students to care for adult patients with a wide range of acute and chronic health conditions across various healthcare settings. Emphasizing holistic, evidence-based practice, the course covers physiological, psychological, and socio-cultural aspects of patient care. Students learn critical thinking, clinical reasoning, and problem-solving skills necessary for effective assessment, planning, implementation, and evaluation of nursing interventions. Key topics include perioperative care, management of patients with disorders affecting body systems, infection control, fluid and electrolyte balance, pain management, and patient education. The course integrates theory with hands-on clinical experience, fostering professional competencies and ethical decision-making in the delivery of safe and quality nursing care.
Recommended Textbook
Calculate with Confidence 7th Edition by Morris
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25 Chapters
610 Verified Questions
610 Flashcards
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Chapter 1: Roman Numerals
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11 Verified Questions
11 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Write the following Arabic number as a lowercase Roman numeral.
18 = _____ Answer: xviii
Q2) Perform the indicated operation and record the result in lowercase Roman numerals.
10 + 2 = _____ Answer: xii
Q3) Perform the indicated operation and record the result in lowercase Roman numerals.
13 + 7 = _____ Answer: xx
Q4) Write the following Arabic number as a lowercase Roman numeral.
21 = _____
Answer: xxi
Q5) Perform the indicated operation and record the result in lowercase Roman numerals.
7 * 2 = _____ Answer: xiv
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Chapter 2: Fractions
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Sample Questions
Q1) Indicate the largest number in the following set. 5/6, 5/8: _____
Answer: 5/6
Q2) Perform the indicated operation with fractions. Reduce to lowest terms as indicated. 6 5/16 + 5 3/16 = _____
Answer: 11 1/2
Q3) Perform the indicated operation and reduce to lowest terms. 1/12 * 1/15 = _____
Answer: 1/180
Q4) Express the following improper fraction as a mixed number. Reduce to lowest terms. 15/13 = _____
Answer: 1 2/13
Q5) Change the following mixed number to an improper fraction. 6 7/10 = _____
Answer: 67/10
Q6) Arrange the following fractions from smallest to largest. 1/6, 1/5, 1/8, 1/4, 1/3: _______________
Answer: 1/8, 1/6, 1/5, 1/4, 1/3
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Chapter 3: Decimals
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35 Verified Questions
35 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Perform the indicated operation with decimals.
0.123 + 0.4 = _____
Answer: 0.523
Q2) Round off the following decimal to the nearest tenth.
28.66 = _____
Answer: 28.7
Q3) A client received 0.375 mg of a medication for two days, 0.125 mg for three days, and 0.0625 mg for four days. What is the total amount of medication taken? ______
Answer: 1.375 mg
Q4) Perform the indicated operation with decimals.
64.1- 0.009 = _____
Answer: 64.091
Q5) Indicate the largest number in the following set.
0.75, 0.749: _____
Answer: 0.75
Q6) Perform the indicated operation with decimals.
0.98 + 0.76 = _____
Answer: 1.74
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Chapter 4: Ratio and Proportion
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25 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Solve for x. \(\frac { 0.25 } { 2 } = \frac { x } { 1 / 2 }\) x = _____
Q2) If 5oz of a solution contains 4 1/2 oz of water, how many oz of water are in 20 oz of solution? _______
Q3) Solve for x. \(1^1 /_ 2\) :2 = x:3
x = _____
Q4) The nurse is instructed to administer 500 mL of a solution every 8 hours (hrs). How many hrs will be needed to administer 1,500 mL of solution? _____
Q5) Solve for x in the following.
500:3 = 350:x
x = _____
Q6) Solve for x in the following. 11:121 = 3:x
x = _____
Q7) If there are 2.5 centimeters (cm) to an inch, if a client is 70 inches (in.) tall, how tall is the client in cm? ____
Q8) Express the following dosage as a ratio. A capsule contains 450 mg of medication; _____
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Q9) If three tablets (tabs) contain 60 mg, how many tabs would need to be given for 80 mg? ______
Chapter 5: Percentages
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Sample Questions
Q1) A client consumed 30% of a bowl of broth. The bowl held 360 mL. How many mL of the broth did the client consume? _____
Q2) Find the following percentage. 16% of 79 = _____
Q3) A client has received 45% of a 500 mL bag of intravenous (IV) solution. How many mL of IV solution has the client received? _____
Q4) Change the following percentage to a fraction. Reduce to lowest terms. 37.5% = _____
Q5) Change the following percentage to a ratio. 0.4% = _____
Q6) Find the following percentage. \(\frac { 9 } { 10 } \%\) of 2,000 = _____
Q7) A client has a 2,500 mL bag of irrigation solution hanging. 750 mL of the solution have infused. What percent of the irrigation solution has infused? _____
Q8) Following exercise, a client's pulse rate increased from 80 to 95. What is the percent of increase in the client's pulse rate? (State answer to the nearest tenth.) _____
Q9) Change the following percentage to a ratio and its decimal equivalent. 8% = _____; _____
Page 7
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Chapter 6: Metric System
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Sample Questions
Q1) Directions: Write the equivalent indicated.
450 mL = _____ L
Q2) The liter is (Select all that apply.)
A) a unit of volume in the metric system.
B) smaller than a milliliter.
C) equivalent to 1,000 milliliters.
D) abbreviated using a small case l.
E) abbreviated with a capital L.
F) the basic unit for weight.
Q3) Eight-tenths of a milliliter:
A) 8/10 ml
B) .8 mL
C) 0.8 mL
D) ml 0.8
Q4) Directions: Write the equivalent indicated.
0.007 kg = _______ g
Q5) Directions: Write the equivalent indicated. 20 mg = ________ g
Q6) Directions: Write the equivalent indicated. 7.45 mL = _____ L
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Chapter 7: Apothecary and Household Systems
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Sample Questions
Q1) The household system expresses values using roman numerals and Arabic numbers.
A)True
B)False
Q2) Directions: Express the following value correctly.
18.0 Tbs
Q3) Directions: Write the equivalent indicated. \(2^1 / _4\) cup = _____ mL
Q4) Directions: Express the following value correctly.
20 MEQ
Q5) Directions: Express the following value correctly.
5.5 Tsp
Q6) Directions: Write the equivalent indicated. 10 1/3 tbs = _______ mL
Q7) Directions: Write the equivalent indicated. 255 mL = _____ oz
Q8) Directions: Write the abbreviation for the term. drop: _____
Q9) Directions: Write the equivalent indicated. 10 tbs = _____ mL
Q10) Directions: Write the equivalent indicated.
277.5 mL = _________ oz Page 9
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Chapter 8: Converting Within and Between Systems
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Sample Questions
Q1) Directions: Write the equivalent indicated. 4,176 g = _____ kg
Q2) A client received 5.4 liters of IV fluid during a surgical procedure. How many mL of IV fluid did the client receive? _____ mL
Q3) Calculate the client's intake in mL.
Apple juice 2 oz
Chicken broth 4 oz
Gelatin dessert 3 oz
Hot tea 5 oz
Total mL = _____
Q4) A client had a physical a year ago and weighed 85 kg. The client tells you he lost 11 lb. What is the client's current weight in kg? _______ kg
Q5) Directions: Write the equivalent indicated. 28.3 kg = _____ lb
Q6) A client drinks \(4 ^ { 3 } / _4\) cups (cup = 8 oz) of a liquid. How many mL did the client drink? ______ mL
Q7) Directions: Write the equivalent indicated. 56 in. = ______ cm
Q8) Directions: Write the equivalent indicated. \(4^1 /_4\) qt = _____ mL
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Chapter 9: Additional Conversions Useful in the Health Care Setting
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Sample Questions
Q1) Directions: Convert the following temperature as indicated. 102° F = _____° C
Q2) Directions: Convert the following temperature as indicated. 82.8° F = ______° C
Q3) An IV started at 0550 is to be completed in 5 hr 10 min. Determine the completion time (international time). _____
Q4) Directions: Convert the following weight as indicated. Round weight to the nearest tenth.
6.4 lb = _____ kg
Q5) Directions: Convert as indicated. 34 mm = _____ cm
Q6) Directions: Convert the following weight as indicated. Round weight to the nearest tenth.
63 kg = _____ lb
Q7) A wound measures 4.2 cm in length. How many mm is this? _____ mm
Q8) Directions: Convert the following weight as indicated. Round weight to the nearest tenth.
18 lb, 12 oz = _____ kg
Q9) Directions: Convert as indicated. Page 12
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Chapter 10: Medication Administration
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Sample Questions
Q1) Directions: Complete the following sentence with the correct word or number. The use of posters and brochures to encourage clients to use strategies to avoid medication errors is called the _____________.
Q2) Directions: For the following scenario, identify which of the "six rights" of medication administration has been violated. A nurse has an order for heparin 5,000 units subcut for a client in room 407 whose name is Henry Jones (initials HJ). The nurse enters room 408 and administers the medication to Horace Jackson (initials HJ): _______________.
Q3) Directions: For the following scenario, identify which of the "six rights" of medication administration has been violated.
Medication ________________ avoids errors and assists in obtaining accurate medication histories of a client at transition points (admission, transfer, discharge).
Q4) A nurse is administering a medication at the bedside. Which of the following actions should be the first priority?
A) Document the administration of the medication.
B) Establish the identity of the client.
C) Recheck the medication label.
D) Obtain orange juice for the client to take with the medication.
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Chapter 11: Understanding and Interpreting Medication
Orders
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Sample Questions
Q1) Complete the following sentence with the correct word or number. A medication order is written without a frequency. The nurse should
Q2) A p.r.n. order must indicate the minimum time between dosages such as q4h.
A)True
B)False
Q3) Directions: Correct the following medication order using the ISMP list of Error-Prone Abbreviations, Symbols, and Dose Designations.
Robitussin 15 cc po q6h prn
Q4) Directions: Correct the following medication order using the ISMP list of Error-Prone Abbreviations, Symbols, and Dose Designations.
Lasix 40.0 mg po qd
Q5) To indicate a medication is to be administered every day, the recommended abbreviation is qd.
A)True
B)False
Q6) Trailing zeros are necessary to avoid misinterpretation of a value.
A)True
B)False
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Chapter 12: Medication Administration Records and Medication
Distribution
Systems
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Sample Questions
Q1) The prescriber orders a medication q8h. The nurse enters the following times on the medication administration record (MAR): 12 AM-6 AM-12 PM-6 PM. What error has occurred?
Q2) Which medication is ordered to be administered "as needed"? _______________
Q3) You work from 3 PM to 11 PM on May 3, 2017. Which standing medication will you administer to the client? _______________
Q4) A medicine ordered q6h would be given how many times a day? _____
A) 4
B) 6
C) 8
D) 12
Q5) If the client receives the Percocet at 10 PM on 5/2/2014, what date and time can the next dose be given? (State the time in traditional and international time.)
Q6) What are the client's medication allergies? ______________
Q7) What are the scheduled times for administering K-Dur? (State in traditional times.)
Page 16
Q8) How many times in a 24-hour period will K-Dur be administered?
Q9) What dose of heparin is to be administered? _______________
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Chapter 13: Reading Medication Labels
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Sample Questions
Q1) If a medication label reads "Ambien (zolpidem tartrate) 5 mg tablets, Searle," the medication's generic name is A) Ambien.
B) Searle.
C) zolpidem tartrate.
D) tablets.
Q2) A medication label reads "Calan SR (verapamil hydrochloride) 240 mg sustained release caplets." The form is A) caplets.
B) sustained-release caplets.
C) 240 mg.
D) verapamil hydrochloride.
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Chapter 14: Dosage Calculation Using the Ratio and Proportion Method
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15 Verified Questions
15 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Directions: Calculate the following dosage using the ratio and proportion method. Round mL answers to the nearest tenth unless otherwise indicated.
Order: Raloxifene HCl 60 mg p.o.b.i.d.
Available: Raloxifene HCl tablets labeled 60 mg per tablet
Q2) Directions: Calculate the following dosage using the ratio and proportion method. Round mL answers to the nearest tenth unless otherwise indicated.
Order: Calcijex 1.5 mcg IV daily on Mon., Wed., Fri.
Available: Calcijex 1 mcg per mL
Q3) Directions: Calculate the following dosage using the ratio and proportion method. Round mL answers to the nearest tenth unless otherwise indicated.
Order: Thorazine 25 mg p.o. t.i.d.
Available: Thorazine syrup labeled 10 mg per 5 mL
Q4) Directions: Calculate the following dosage using the ratio and proportion method. Round mL answers to the nearest tenth unless otherwise indicated.
Order: Compazine 8 mg p.o. stat
Available: Compazine syrup labeled 5 mg per 5 mL
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Chapter 15: Dosage Calculation Using the Formula Method
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Sample Questions
Q1) Directions: Calculate the following dosage using the formula method. Round mL answers to the nearest tenth unless otherwise indicated.
Order: Amoxil 0.5 g p.o. q6h
Available: Amoxil capsules labeled 250 mg per capsule
Q2) Directions: Calculate the following dosage using the formula method. Round mL answers to the nearest tenth unless otherwise indicated.
Order: Raloxifene HCl 60 mg p.o.b.i.d.
Available: Raloxifene HCl tablets labeled 60 mg per tablet
Q3) Directions: Calculate the following dosage using the formula method. Round mL answers to the nearest tenth unless otherwise indicated.
Order: Compazine 8 mg p.o. stat
Available: Compazine syrup labeled 5 mg per 5 mL
Q4) Directions: Calculate the following dosage using the formula method. Round mL answers to the nearest tenth unless otherwise indicated.
Order: Thorazine 25 mg p.o. t.i.d.
Available: Thorazine syrup labeled 10 mg per 5 mL
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Chapter 16: Dosage Calculation Using the Dimensional Analysis Method
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Sample Questions
Q1) Directions: Calculate the following dosage using the dimensional analysis method. Round mL answers to the nearest tenth unless otherwise indicated.
Order: Raloxifene HCl 60 mg p.o.b.i.d.
Available: Raloxifene HCl tablets labeled 60 mg per tablet
Q2) Directions: Calculate the following dosage using the dimensional analysis method. Round mL answers to the nearest tenth unless otherwise indicated.
Order: Ampicillin 0.375 g IM q6h
Available: Ampicillin 250 mg per mL
Q3) Directions: Calculate the following dosage using the dimensional analysis method. Round mL answers to the nearest tenth unless otherwise indicated.
Order: Compazine 8 mg p.o. stat
Available: Compazine syrup labeled 5 mg per 5 mL
Q4) Directions: Calculate the following dosage using the dimensional analysis method. Round mL answers to the nearest tenth unless otherwise indicated.
Order: Calcijex 1.5 mcg IV daily on Mon., Wed., Fri.
Available: Calcijex 1 mcg per mL
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Chapter 17: Oral Medications
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Sample Questions
Q1) Directions: Complete with the correct word(s) or number. The most common form of oral medication is the __________.
Q2) Directions: Complete with the correct word(s) or number.
Sublingual tablets must never be _______________ but placed _______________ the tongue.
Q3) Directions: Complete with the correct word(s) or number. The nurse should question and check any calculation that indicates you should administer more than ________ tablets or capsules to achieve a single dose.
Q4) Directions: Complete with the correct word(s) or number.
The solid form of medication that contains granules that delays the release of the medication is referred to as a _______________.
Q5) Directions: Calculate the following dosage. Use labels where provided. Round oral liquids to the nearest tenth as indicated.
Order: Diazepam 4 mg via nasogastric tube t.i.d.
Available: Diazepam oral solution 5 mg per 5 mL
a. How many milliliters should the client receive per dosage? _____ mL
b. How many milligrams will the client receive per day? _____ mg
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Chapter 18: Parenteral Medications
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Sample Questions
Q1) Directions: Complete the following statements with the correct word(s) or number(s). If a nurse calculates a dosage of 3.39 mL of medication, which size syringe should the nurse select? _____ What would be the nearest measurable dose on the syringe?
Q2) Directions: Calculate the dosages, use labels where provided, and shade in the dosages on the syringe where provided. Round answers to the nearest tenth unless otherwise indicated.
Order: Levothyroxine sodium 0.3 mg IV daily
Available: Levothyroxine sodium 200 mcg per 5 mL
How many milliliters will you add to the IV? _____ mL
Q3) A 3-mL syringe is calibrated in which of the following increments?
A) 0.01 mL
B) 0.1 mL
C) 0.2 mL
D) 1 mL
Q4) Directions: Complete the following statements with the correct word(s) or number(s).
The route that is used for diagnostic purposes is called _______________.
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Page 23
Chapter 19: Reconstitution of Solutions
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Sample Questions
Q1) Directions: Indicate how you would prepare each of the following using full-strength hydrogen peroxide (solute) and normal saline (solvent).
8 oz of 1/2 strength for wound care
Q2) Directions: Indicate how you would prepare each of the following using full-strength hydrogen peroxide (solute) and normal saline (solvent).
0.24 L of 1/3 strength for wound care
Q3) Directions: Prepare the following strength solutions. Describe your calculations. Prepare irrigant 250 mL 1/2 strength solution: ______________________________
Q4) Directions: Prepare the following strength solutions. Describe your calculations. 800 mL of 3/4 strength Sustacal via gastrostomy over 6 hours
Q5) Directions: Indicate how you would prepare each of the following using full-strength hydrogen peroxide (solute) and normal saline (solvent). 300 mL of 3/4 strength for skeletal pin care
Q6) Directions: Prepare the following strength solutions. Describe your calculations. 1/4 strength Ensure 8 oz p.o. q4h for 24 hours
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Chapter 20: Insulin
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Sample Questions
Q1) U-100 on the label of an insulin vial me ______________________________.
Q2) What is the difference between the calibration of units on the 1-mL insulin syringe and on the Lo-Dose syringe? ______________________________
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Chapter 21: Intravenous Solutions and Equipment
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Sample Questions
Q1) _______________ devices allow a client to self-administer pain medication.
Q2) Directions: Interpret the following IV orders.
1,000 mL (1 L) of L/R q8h
Q3) Directions: Interpret the following IV orders.
1,000 mL (1 L) D5W to infuse at a rate of 100 mL per hour
Q4) In IV fluid abbreviations, D5NS identifies what IV fluid? _______________
Q5) 250 mL D5NS _______ g dextrose ________ g NaCl
Q6) The name for the main infusion administration set is _______________.
Q7) List the components and percentage strengths of the following IV solutions.
a. D5
\(^1 / _4\) S
b. D5NS 10 mEq KCl
c. D5RL
Q8) An IV pump is an example of an ___________ infusion device.
Q9) 0.5 L D \(5^1 / _4\) NS ________ g dextrose ________ g NaCl
Q10) The IV line that can be used to administer medications and solutions and can be connected to a port on the main infusion is called _______________.
Q11) 5 L D10W dextrose: _______________
Q12) 500 mL \(^1 /_ 2\) NS sodium chloride (NaCl): _____ Page 26
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Chapter 22: Intravenous Calculations
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Sample Questions
Q1) Order: Regular Humulin Insulin 8 units/hr IV
Available: 50 units of insulin in 150 mL 0.9% NS What rate in mL/hr will infuse 8 units/hr? _____
Q2) When an IV medication is injected directly into a vein, the procedure is referred to as ________________.
Q3) Directions: Determine the following in drops per minute using the drop factor provided.
2,500 mL RL in 12 hr
a. 10 gtt/mL _____
b. 15 gtt/mL _____
c. 20 gtt/mL _____
d. 60 gtt/mL _____
Q4) 500 mL D5W is infusing at a rate of 25 macrogtt/min. The drop factor is 10 gtt/mL. How long will it take for the IV to infuse? (Express time in hours and minutes.): _____
Q5) Directions: Determine the flow rate for the following IV being administered by infusion pump.
500 mL of Intralipid in 6 hr: _____
Q6) The type of administration set that will be selected for an IVPB solution is _______________.
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Chapter 23: Heparin Calculations
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Sample Questions
Q1) Order: Heparin bolus dosage of 40 units/kg IV prior to initiating a continuous infusion. The client weighs 132 lb.
Available: Heparin 1,000 units per mL
a. Calculate the bolus dosage ______________________
b. Calculate the number of mL that will be needed to administer the dose.
Q2) Order: 30,000 units of heparin in 500 mL D5W to infuse at 15 mL/hr units/hr = _____
Q3) A client weighs 70 kg. Heparin infusion: Heparin 25,000 units in 1,000 mL 0.9% sodium chloride.
Order: Bolus with heparin sodium at 90 units/kg, then initiate drip at 20 units/kg/hr.
a. Calculate the heparin bolus dosage: _____
b. Calculate the infusion rate for the IV dosage: _____
c. Determine the rate in mL/hr at which to set the infusion device: _____
Q4) Order: 25,000 units of heparin in 250 mL D5W to infuse at 8 mL/hr units/hr = _____
Q5) Order: 40 units/kg/hr heparin IV. The client weighs 116 lb. How many units should the client receive per hour? _____
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Chapter 24: Critical Care Calculations
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Sample Questions
Q1) Lidocaine to infuse at 3 mg/min. The solution available is 2 g of lidocaine in 500 mL D5W. Determine the IV flow rate. ____
Q2) A client is receiving dopamine 800 mg in 500 mL D5W infusing at a rate of 30 mL/hr.
a. mg/hr: _____
b. mcg/min: _____
Q3) A client is receiving procainamide 1 g in 500 mL D5W at 120 mL/hr.
a. mg/hr: _____
b. mg/min: _____
Q4) Dopamine 4 mcg/kg/min is ordered for a client who weighs 165 lb. The solution available is 400 mg of Dopamine in 250 mL D5W. To infuse by infusion pump that delivers in tenths of a milliliter:
a. mg/min: ____
b. mg/hr: _____
c. mL/hr: ____
Q5) A client weighing 80 kg has an order for Intropin to infuse at 8 mcg/kg/min. The solution available is 800 mg Intropin in 500 mL D5W.
a. mcg/min: _____
b. mL/hr: _____
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Chapter 25: Pediatric and Adult Dosage Calculation Based on Weight
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Sample Questions
Q1) Directions: Round dosage and weight to the nearest tenth as indicated. Use labels where provided.
Erythromycin ethylsuccinate 62.5 mg p.o. q6h is ordered for an infant weighing 10 lb 4 oz. The recommended safe dosage is 30 to 50 mg/kg/24 hr divided q6h.
a. What is the infant's weight in kilograms? _____
b. What is the safe 24-hr dosage range for this infant? _____
c. What is the divided dosage range? _____
d. Is the dosage ordered safe? (Prove mathematically.) _______________ Explain your action. ______________________________
Q2) Directions: Using the West nomogram or formula when indicated, calculate the following dosages. Express answer to the nearest tenth. The recommended dosage of Paraplatin for ovarian cancer is 360 mg/m<sup>2</sup>. The client's BSA is 1.67 m<sup>2</sup>. What dosage should the client receive? _____
Q3) 32 inches and 25 lb: _____ m<sup>2</sup>
Q4) Order: Epinephrine 0.25 mg IV stat
Available: Epinephrine 0.1 mg/mL
How many milliliters will you prepare to administer? _____ mL
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