Medical Physiology Test Bank - 4668 Verified Questions
Course Introduction
Medical Physiology Test Bank
Medical Physiology explores the fundamental mechanisms and processes that govern the functioning of the human body, with a specific focus on how these systems interact to maintain health and support life. This course covers essential topics such as cellular physiology, neurophysiology, cardiovascular and respiratory dynamics, renal and gastrointestinal function, endocrine regulation, and the integration of physiological responses to internal and external changes. Emphasizing clinical relevance, students will gain an understanding of how physiological principles are applied in the diagnosis, treatment, and management of various diseases and medical conditions.
Recommended Textbook
Human Physiology From Cells to Systems 4th Canadian Edition by Lauralee Sherwood
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17 Chapters
4668 Verified Questions
4668 Flashcards
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Page 2
Chapter 1: The Foundation of Physiology
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104 Verified Questions
104 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which of these statements is characteristic of connective tissue
A)It has relatively few cells dispersed within an abundance of extracellular matrix.
B)It has no blood vessels.
C)It covers various parts of the body.
D)It is usually found in the walls of hollow cavities.
Answer: A
Q2) The ____________________ is the liquid part of the blood.
Answer: plasma
Q3) Which of these statements describes stem cells
A)They are well-differentiated embryonic cells that may reproduce just one time.
B)They may reproduce just one time and cannot be readily grown.
C)Their daughter cells may differentiate into a number of different specialized cell types.
D)They cannot be readily grown unless they are already specialized cell types.
Answer: C
Q4) ____________________ refers to the abnormal functioning of the body associated with disease.
Answer: Pathophysiology
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3
Chapter 2: Cell Physiology
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492 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) whip-like appendages
A)flagella
B)cilia
C)microvilli
Answer: A
Q2) ____________________ RNA carries amino acids to the sites of protein synthesis in the cell.
Answer: Messenger
Q3) A first messenger is an intracellular chemical messenger that triggers a preprogrammed series of biochemical events within a cell to bring about a desired response.
A)True
B)False
Answer: False
Q4) Glycolysis generates ATP from glucose with high efficiency.
A)True
B)False
Answer: False
Q5) Neuropeptides are large, ____________________ acting molecules.
Answer: slow
Page 4
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Chapter 3: The Central Nervous System
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314 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) The inability to recall recent past events following a traumatic event is known as ____________________, whereas the inability to store new memories for later retrieval is called ____________________.
Answer: retrograde amnesia; anterograde amnesia
Q2) Which of these statements does NOT describe the blood-brain barrier
A)It controls the direct exchange of materials between the cerebrospinal fluid and brain.
B)It is formed in part by the tight junctions in capillary cells of the brain.
C)It consists of the astrocyte processes that encircle the brain capillaries.
D)It is a barrier between the three layers of meninges.
Answer: D
Q3) Venous blood draining from the brain empties here.
A)arachnoid villi
B)subarachnoid space
C)choroid plexuses
D)dural sinuses
E)dura mater
Answer: D
Q4) The ____________________ of the brain maintains upright posture.
Answer: cerebellum
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Chapter 4: The Peripheral Nervous System: Sensory,
Autonomic, Somatic
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Sample Questions
Q1) second
A)bipolar neurons
B)optic nerve
C)lateral geniculate nucleus
D)rods and cones
E)visual cortex
F)optic tracts
G)ganglion cells
H)optic radiations
Q2) Which of the following must happen for accommodation to occur
A)The shape of the cornea must change.
B)The shape of the lens must change.
C)The ciliary muscle must relax for near vision.
D)The ciliary muscle must contract for distant vision.
Q3) Light is the only stimulus capable of stimulating the photoreceptors of the eye.
A)True
B)False
Q4) ____________________ is the bending of light rays as they pass from one medium to another.
6
Q5) Rods and cones have a G protein
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Chapter 5: Principles of Endocrinology: The Central
Endocrine Glands
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260 Verified Questions
260 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which of these structures has a direct anatomical connection to the hypothalamus
A)adrenal gland
B)posterior lobe of the pituitary
C)thyroid gland
D)parathyroid gland
Q2) Only hormones that are not bound to plasma proteins are biologically active.
A)True
B)False
Q3) synthesizes the hormones it secretes
A)applies to the posterior pituitary
B)applies to the anterior pituitary
C)applies to both the posterior and the anterior pituitary
Q4) Which of these statements refers to the permissiveness of hormones
A)Hormones permit cellular processes to occur.
B)Hormones permit their target organs to function at the optimal rate.
C)In some instances, an adequate amount of one hormone must be present for the full exertion of another hormone's effect.
D)Through numerous neuroendocrine relationships, the nervous system allows the endocrine system to function.
Page 7
Q5) Hyperplasia is an increase in the number of ____________________ in a structure.
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Page 8
Chapter 6: The Endocrine Glands
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Sample Questions
Q1) The symptoms of aldosterone hypersecretion include hypernatraemia, hyperphosphataemia, and hypertension.
A)True
B)False
Q2) If a patient is hyperventilating and has a blood sugar level of 800 mg/100 mL, what hormone should be injected for treatment
A)aldosterone
B)insulin
C)glucagon
D)somatostatin
Q3) Epinephrine and norepinephrine exert identical effects in all tissues.
A)True
B)False
Q4) Where does glycogenesis occur
A)liver
B)brain
C)working muscle
D)nonworking muscle
Q5) _____________________ is controlled primarily by the release of renin.
Page 9
Q6) Indicate the causes of diabetes mellitus and its physiological effects.
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Chapter 7: Muscle Physiology
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303 Verified Questions
303 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) monitors change in muscle length
A)muscle spindle
B)Golgi tendon organ
C)both of these receptors
Q2) A skeletal muscle produces motion by pulling the origin toward its insertion.
A)True
B)False
Q3) composed of thick and thin filaments
A)A band
B)I band
C)H zone
Q4) innervated by motor neurons
A)skeletal muscle only
B)single-unit smooth muscle only
C)cardiac muscle only
D)skeletal muscle and cardiac muscle
E)skeletal muscle and single-unit smooth muscle
F)single-unit smooth muscle and cardiac muscle
G)skeletal, single-unit smooth, and cardiac muscles
Q5) Compare and contrast isotonic versus isometric contractions.
Page 10
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Chapter 8: Cardiac Physiology
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Sample Questions
Q1) According to the Frank-Starling law of the heart, the shorter the initial length of the cardiac muscle fibres prior to contraction, the more forceful will be the subsequent contraction because the fibres are already partially contracted.
A)True
B)False
Q2) Increased EDV results in decreased stroke volume.
A)True
B)False
Q3) The ____________________ extracts cholesterol from the blood and converts it into ____________________, which are secreted into the bile.
Q4) A swishy murmur heard between the second and first heart sounds is indicative of a(n) ____________________ (stenotic or insufficient) ____________________ (AV or semilunar) valve.
Q5) The amount of blood pumped out of the heart during each beat is known as the cardiac output.
A)True
B)False
Q6) An increase in heart rate ____________________ the cardiac output.
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Chapter 9: Vascular Physiology
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Sample Questions
Q1) Increased arteriolar radius _____ the total peripheral resistance.
Q2) serve as a blood reservoir to accommodate variations in blood volume
A)arteries
B)arterioles
C)capillaries
D)veins
E)lymphatics
Q3) What is the systolic pressure
A)118 mmHg
B)42 mmHg
C)97 mmHg
D)76 mmHg
E)90 mmHg
Q4) Vasogenic shock is triggered by widespread ____________________ of blood vessels.
Q5) How do the larger arteries assist with systemic blood flow to tissues
A)by contracting their tunica intima
B)by beating their semilunar-type valves
C)by associating with large veins
D)by elastic recoil of their walls
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Chapter 10: The Blood
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Sample Questions
Q1) Anaemia results from a reduced O -carrying capacity of the blood, which can be caused by a decrease in the number of ___________________.
A)leukocytes
B)lymphocytes
C)macrophages
D)erythrocytes
Q2) The first step in haemostasis is the formation of a blood clot.
A)True
B)False
Q3) similar to mast cells
A)neutrophils
B)eosinophils
C)basophils
D)monocytes
E)lymphocytes
Q4) What are platelets normally attracted to
A)a collection of white blood cells
B)a disrupted surface of a blood vessel
C)a smooth surface
D)a source of ATP production
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Chapter 11: Body Defences
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Sample Questions
Q1) Name two categories of drugs that exert anti-inflammatory effects.
Q2) ____________________ refers to the phenomenon of the immune system not attacking a person's own tissues.
Q3) consist of nucleic acids enclosed by a protein coat
A)pertains to bacteria
B)pertains to viruses
Q4) Only Rh-negative individuals can produce anti-Rh antibodies.
A)True
B)False
Q5) The spleen clears the lymph that passes through it of bacteria and other foreign matter.
A)True
B)False
Q6) Bacteria have been genetically engineered to produce interferon.
A)True
B)False
Q7) ____________________ disease occurs when destructive inflammatory processes "spill over" into normal tissue in the presence of excessive numbers of antigen-antibody complexes.
Q8) List two functions of dermal blood vessels.
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Chapter 12: The Respiratory System
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Sample Questions
Q1) What is the term for the entire sequence of events involved in the exchange of O and CO between body cells and the environment
A)internal respiration
B)external respiration
C)ventilation
D)diffusion
Q2) Which type of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease is characterized by a breakdown of alveolar walls and collapse of the smaller airways
A)asthma
B)chronic bronchitis
C)emphysema
D)bronchiectasis
Q3) A slight decrease in arterial PO below normal is a more potent stimulus toward increasing respiration than is a slight increase in PCO above normal.
A)True
B)False
Q4) ____________________ is a respiratory disease characterized by collapse of the smaller airways and a breakdown of alveolar walls.
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Chapter 13: The Urinary System
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276 Verified Questions
276 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which of these statements describes tubular maximum (Tm)
A)It is the rate of glomerular filtration.
B)It is the rate at which a substance can be reabsorbed because of saturation of the carrier molecule.
C)It is the rate at which a substance can be cleared from the blood.
D)It is the percentage of renal blood flow that can be converted to filtrate.
Q3) Sympathetic vasoconstriction of the afferent arterioles and a resultant fall in the GFR occur as part of the baroreceptor reflex response when the blood pressure is too low.
A)True
B)False
Q4) If the Tm for substance X is 200 mg/min, ____________________ (how much) of the substance will be reabsorbed at a plasma concentration of 200 mg/100 mL and a GFR of 125 mL/min
____________________ (how much) of substance X will be excreted.
Q5) Describe micturition in an adult and a baby.
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Chapter 14: Fluid and Acidbase Balance
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259 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Vasopressin is normally secreted when a deficit of water develops in the body.
A)True
B)False
Q2) A(n) ____________________ is a substance that can combine with a free H , thus removing it from solution.
Q3) This occurs as a consequence of excessive vasopressin secretion.
A)overhydration
B)dehydration
C)both overhydration and dehydration
D)neither overhydration nor dehydration
Q4) What is the effect on water when ECF becomes hypertonic
A)Water movement is unaffected.
B)Water moves into the cells by active transport.
C)Water moves into the cells by osmosis.
D)Water moves out of the cells by osmosis.
Q5) Bicarbonate ions that enter the plasma during HCO - reabsorption are not the same HCO - ions that were filtered.
A)True
B)False
Q6) Cells change in size by ____________________ when immersed in a hypertonic ECF.
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Chapter 15: The Digestive System
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Sample Questions
Q1) most potent stimulus for inhibition of gastric motility
A)fat in the duodenum
B)acid in the duodenum
C)acid in the stomach
D)protein in the stomach
Q2) serve as parent cells of all new cells of the gastric mucosa
A)chief cells
B)parietal cells
C)mucous cells
D)G cells of PGA
Q3) Which of these statements describes chylomicrons
A)They are aggregations of triglycerides formed within intestinal epithelial cells and covered with a layer of lipoprotein.
B)They are aggregations of bile salts, monoglycerides, and free fatty acids.
C)They are small fat globules held apart by the action of bile salts.
D)They are secreted in the succus entericus.
Q4) The contents of the digestive tract are technically outside the body.
A)True
B)False
Q5) How does chemical digestion of proteins occur
Page 18
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Chapter 16: Energy Balance and Temperature Regulation
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which of these actions is the major means of decreasing heat loss in response to a cold environmental temperature
A)skin vasoconstriction
B)skin vasodilation
C)increasing the temperature gradient between the skin and the environment
D)formation of "goose bumps"
Q2) all forms of biological energy expenditure that do not accomplish work outside the body
A)energy equivalent of oxygen
B)external work
C)calorie
D)basal metabolic rate
E)internal work
Q3) minimal waking rate of internal energy expenditure
A)energy equivalent of oxygen
B)external work
C)calorie
D)basal metabolic rate
E)internal work
Q4) The ____________________ serves as the body's thermostat.
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Chapter 17: The Reproductive System
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Sample Questions
Q1) The embryonic ____________________ gives rise to the glans penis in males and the clitoris in females.
Q2) Secondary sexual characteristics refer to the external characteristics not directly involved in reproduction that distinguish males and females.
A)True
B)False
Q3) The corpus luteum develops from the polar body.
A)True
B)False
Q4) During pregnancy, which of these hormones does NOT stimulate mammary gland development
A)FSH
B)progesterone
C)prolactin
D)estrogen
Q5) Luteinizing hormone and follicle-stimulating hormone are secreted by the gonads.
A)True
B)False
Q6) Describe the regulation of the ovarian and uterine cycles.
Page 20
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