Medical Physiology Test Bank - 1736 Verified Questions
Medical Physiology Test Bank
Course Introduction
Medical Physiology is a comprehensive course that explores the fundamental functions and mechanisms of the human body, emphasizing how cells, tissues, organs, and organ systems work both independently and together to maintain health and homeostasis. Through integrated lectures, laboratory sessions, and case studies, students will examine topics such as neural and hormonal control, cardiovascular and respiratory function, renal and gastrointestinal physiology, and musculoskeletal and reproductive systems. Understanding physiological principles provides the essential foundation for diagnosing, preventing, and treating disease, making this course crucial for medical, health science, and biomedical students.
Recommended Textbook
Vanders Human Physiology 12th Edition by Eric Widmaier
Chapter 1: Homeostasis: a Framework for Human Physiology
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64 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) When a person is exposed to an environmental stress for a prolonged period of time,the person's ability to adapt to that stress is enhanced.This is an example of
A)Negative feedback
B)Positive feedback
C)Physiological acclimatization
D)Developmental acclimatization
E)Both negative feedback and developmental acclimatization
Answer: C
Q2) Neural and hormonal control mechanisms differ in
A)That only neural mechanisms mediate reflexes
B)That mode of delivery of the chemical regulator
C)That chemical nature of the regulator used
D)Both that only neural mechanisms mediate reflexes and that mode of delivery of the chemical regulator are correct
E)Both that mode of delivery of the chemical regulator and that chemical nature of the regulator used are correct
Answer: B
Q3) ________________ is a chemical released by axon terminals into a synaptic cleft.
Answer: Neurotransmitter
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Chapter 2: Chemical Composition of the Body
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78 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) In a molecule of water,an oxygen atom forms a double bond with each of two hydrogen atoms.
A)True
B)False
Answer: False
Q2) An atom is electrically neutral.
A)True
B)False
Answer: True
Q3) COO<sup>-</sup> is the ________ ________. Answer: carboxyl ion
Q4) Sucrose is called "blood sugar" because it is the most abundant carbohydrate in the blood.
A)True
B)False
Answer: False
Q5) Organic chemistry is the study of oxygen-containing compounds.
A)True
B)False
Answer: False
Page 4
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Chapter 3: Cellular Structure, Proteins, and Metabolism
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161 Verified Questions
161 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Phosphorylated protein as substrate describes A)Protein kinases
B)Phosphoprotein phosphatases
C)Both protein kinases and phosphoprotein phosphatases
D)Neither protein kinases nor phosphoprotein phosphatases
Answer: B
Q2) Cells that require large amounts of energy for their activities contain more ribosomes than do less active cells.
A)True
B)False
Answer: False
Q3) Increasing the concentration of a substrate for a reaction will increase the rate of that reaction until the point of _______ is reached.
Answer: enzyme saturation
Q4) Most of the energy stored in the body is in the form of glycogen. A)True
B)False
Answer: False
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Chapter 4: Movement of Molecules Across Cell Membranes
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84 Verified Questions
84 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which of the following is not a difference between primary active transport and secondary active transport?
A)Primary active transport uses energy derived from ATP whereas secondary active transport does not
B)Primary active transport uses a carrier that is an ATPase whereas the latter does not
C)Primary active transport uses a carrier that is phosphorylated whereas the latter does not
D)Primary active transport uses a carrier whose binding affinity for the solute is modified by covalent modulation whereas the latter does not
E)None of the choices are correct
Q2) In the body,Na ions behave as if they are nonpenetrating solutes because they are actively transported out of cells.
A)True
B)False
Q3) A portion of a cell's plasma membrane is removed during endocytosis.
A)True
B)False
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6
Chapter 5: Control of Cells by Chemical Messengers
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36 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Amplification of a second messenger cascade can take place at this level:
A)1 activated receptor can activate numerous G-proteins
B)1 activated G-protein can activate numerous effector enzymes
C)1 active effector enzyme can catalyze numerous reactions
D)1 activated protein kinase can allosterically modulate numerous proteins
E)All of the choices are correct
Q2) Activated calmodulin functions to activate or inactivate cytosolic enzymes.
A)True
B)False
Q3) Which of the following are common means by which binding of an intercellular chemical messenger with a cell's receptor brings about an intracellular response?
A)Opening or closing of specific ionic channels in the plasma membrane
B)Activation of an intracellular second-messenger system
C)Promoting or inhibiting the transcription of genes that code for the synthesis of cellular proteins
D)Both opening or closing of specific ionic channels in the plasma membrane and activation of an intracellular second-messenger system are correct
E)All of the choices are correct
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Chapter 6: Neuronal Signaling and the Structure of the
Nervous
System
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Sample Questions
Q1) An action potential in a neuronal membrane differs from a graded potential in that
A)An action potential requires the opening of Ca<sup>+2</sup> channels, whereas a graded potential does not
B)An action potential is propagated without decrement, whereas a graded potential is not
C)An action potential has a threshold and is an all-or-none phenomenon, whereas a graded potential does not have a threshold and is not all-or-none
D)Both an action potential requires the opening of Ca<sup>+2</sup> channels, whereas a graded potential does not and an action potential is propagated without decrement, whereas a graded potential is not are correct
E)Both an action potential is propagated without decrement, whereas a graded potential is not and an action potential has a threshold and is an all-or-none phenomenon, whereas a graded potential does not have a threshold and is not all-or-none are correct
Q2) The most numerous cells in the CNS are interneurons.
A)True
B)False
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Page 8
Chapter 7: Sensory Physiology
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Sample Questions
Q1) Information from the vestibular system
A)Is conveyed in the form of action potentials in the optic nerve
B)Is conveyed to nerves controlling eye movements
C)Does not reach consciousness
D)Both is conveyed in the form of action potentials in the optic nerve and is conveyed to nerves controlling eye movements are correct
E)All of the choices are correct
Q2) Which of the following statements about rods and cones in the retina is true?
A)Cones enable us to see in dim light; rods provide color vision
B)Rods and cones all have the same kind of opsin
C)Cones are clustered in the fovea; rods are more scattered throughout the retina
D)Both cones enable us to see in dim light; rods provide color vision and rods and cones all have the same kind of opsin are true
E)Both cones enable us to see in dim light; rods provide color vision and cones are clustered in the fovea; rods are more scattered throughout the retina are true
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9
Chapter 8: Consciousness, the Brain, and Behavior
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Sample Questions
Q1) The alpha rhythm is the most prominent EEG pattern when an adult is
A)In REM sleep
B)In non-REM sleep
C)Awake and relaxed with eyes open
D)Awake and thinking hard about something
Q2) Rapid eye movement is descriptive of or occurs during
A)Slow-wave sleep
B)Paradoxical sleep
C)Both slow-wave sleep and paradoxical sleep
D)Neither slow-wave sleep nor paradoxical sleep
Q3) The transfer of working memory into long-term memory is
A)Called memory retrieval
B)Inhibited by such hormones as ACTH, epinephrine and vasopressin
C)Thought to be caused by a relatively nonspecific "fix" signal
D)Both called memory retrieval and inhibited by such hormones as ACTH, epinephrine and vasopressin
E)Both inhibited by such hormones as ACTH, epinephrine and vasopressin and thought to be caused by a relatively nonspecific "fix" signal
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Chapter 9: Muscle
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102 Verified Questions
102 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which of the following statements regarding the shortening of a skeletal-muscle fiber is not true? When a skeletal-muscle fiber shortens,the
A)Sarcomeres shorten
B)Distance between Z lines decreases
C)Myofilaments shorten
D)Myofilaments slide past each other
E)Length of the A bands remains the same
Q2) During an isometric contraction of a skeletal muscle,
A)The I bands shorten and the A bands stay the same length
B)The thick and thin filaments slide past each other
C)Sarcomere length does not change
D)Both the I bands shorten and the A bands stay the same length and the thick and thin filaments slide past each other take place
E)None of the choices happen
Q3) The phenomenon of rigor mortis demonstrates that myosin can bind to actin in the absence of ATP,but the bond cannot then be broken.
A)True
B)False
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Chapter 10: Control of Body Movement
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Sample Questions
Q1) Reflexes triggered by the activation of muscle spindles
A)Have a monosynaptic component
B)Result in activation of alpha and gamma motor neurons
C)Result in the contraction of muscle spindle fibers
D)Include the "knee jerk" reflex
E)Do all of these things
Q2) Muscle tone
A)Is defined as the resistance of muscle to continuous passive stretch
B)Is absent in a normal relaxed limb
C)Increases as a relaxed person becomes alert
D)Both is defined as the resistance of muscle to continuous passive stretch and is absent in a normal relaxed limb are correct
E)Both is defined as the resistance of muscle to continuous passive stretch and increases as a relaxed person becomes alert are correct
Q3) Practicing a movement allows for "fine tuning" the original program so that the movement can be executed with fewer corrections.
A)True
B)False
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12
Chapter 11: The Endocrine System
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101 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Thyroid hormones are important for growth because they
A)Maintain the responsiveness of various tissues to growth-promoting hormones
B)Promote synthesis of GH by the anterior pituitary gland
C)Increase metabolic rate above normal when their levels are high
D)Both do maintain the responsiveness of various tissues to growth-promoting hormones and promote synthesis of GH by the anterior pituitary gland are correct
E)Do all of the choices
Q2) A general name for a hormone that regulates mineral ion homeostasis is "tropic hormone."
A)True
B)False
Q3) An adenoma of the parathyroid gland can produce
A)Hypercalcemia
B)Hypocalcemia
C)Increased kidney reabsorption of calcium
D)Decreased intestinal absorption of calcium
E)Both hypocalcemia and increased kidney reabsorption of calcium
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13
Chapter 12: Cardiovascular Physiology
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136 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) The body responds to hemorrhage by
A)Decreasing the heart rate below normal
B)Decreasing total peripheral resistance to below normal levels
C)Raising mean arterial pressure to above normal
D)Increasing cardiac output to above normal levels
E)Keeping mean arterial pressure to levels approaching but below normal
Q2) The determinant for whether blood ejection occurs during ventricular contraction or whether filling occurs during ventricular relaxation is the pressure difference across the heart valves.
A)True
B)False
Q3) The sinoatrial node is normally the heart's pacemaker because it has the fastest spontaneous rate of depolarization.
A)True
B)False
Q4) Chemical mediators released from platelet granules and plasma membranes stimulate contraction of vascular smooth muscle.
A)True
B)False
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Chapter 13: Respiratory Physiology
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91 Verified Questions
91 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) A respiratory physiologist has measured ventilation parameters for each of three subjects: Tidal volume (TV); Respiratory rate (RR),and Anatomic dead space volume (ADSV). \[\begin{array} { | l | r | r | r | }
\hline \text { Tom: } & 200 \mathrm { ml } & 40 / \mathrm { min } & 150 \mathrm { ml }
\\
\hline \text { Dick: } & 500 \mathrm { ml } & 10 / \mathrm { min } & 150 \mathrm { ml }
\\
\hline \text { Harry: } & 1000 \mathrm { ml } & 5 / \mathrm { min } & 150 \mathrm { ml }
\\
\hline
\end{array}\] Which of the following statements accurately compares the alveolar ventilation in the three men?
A)Tom's is the largest; Dick's and Harry's are the same
B)Tom's is the smallest; Dick's and Harry's are the same
C)Tom's is greater than Dick's, which is greater than Harry's
D)Dick's is greater than Harry's, which is greater than Tom's
E)Harry's is greater than Dick's, which is greater than Tom's
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Page 15
Chapter 14: The Kidneys and Regulation of Water and Inorganic Ions
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113 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which of the following statements regarding renal handling of sodium ion is correct?
A)In the proximal tubule, sodium ion is actively transported across the luminal membrane of the tubular epithelial cells
B)Atrial natriuretic factor increases sodium ion reabsorption
C)In the absence of aldosterone, no sodium ion reabsorption will occur in the cortical collecting ducts
D)Reabsorption of sodium ion in the proximal tubule is not regulated by hormones
E)None of the choices are true
Q2) Following ingestion of a large amount of salt,
A)Urine osmolarity would increase
B)Secretion of atrial natriuretic factor would increase
C)Firing by hypothalamic osmoreceptors would decrease
D)Both urine osmolarity would increase and secretion of atrial natriuretic factor would increase would occur
E)All of these things would occur
Q3) Water,sodium,and glucose all undergo tubular reabsorption,but urea does not.
A)True
B)False
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Chapter 15: The Digestion and Absorption of Food
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Sample Questions
Q1) During a meal,peristalsis is the predominant form of movement in the small intestine.
A)True
B)False
Q2) Which of the following statements regarding neural regulation of gastrointestinal function is true?
A)Networks of nerve cells in the wall of the GI tract innervate the wall's smooth muscle
B)Smooth muscle of the GI tract is innervated by both sympathetic and motor nerves
C)If the autonomic nerves to the GI tract were cut, digestion and absorption of food could no longer take place
D)Both networks of nerve cells in the wall of the GI tract innervate the wall's smooth muscle and smooth muscle of the GI tract is innervated by both sympathetic and motor nerves are correct
E)Both networks of nerve cells in the wall of the GI tract innervate the wall's smooth muscle and if the autonomic nerves to the GI tract were cut, digestion and absorption of food could no longer take place are correct
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Chapter 16: Regulation of Organic Metabolism and Energy Balance
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Sample Questions
Q1) With regard to fat metabolism,insulin increases
A)The activity of lipoprotein lipase
B)The activity of intracellular lipase
C)Triacylglycerol synthesis by increasing glucose transport into adipose tissue cells
D)Both the activity of lipoprotein lipase and triacylglycerol synthesis by increasing glucose transport into adipose tissue cells
E)Both the activity of intracellular lipase and triacylglycerol synthesis by increasing glucose transport into adipose tissue cells
Q2) Gluconeogenesis
A)Refers to the synthesis of glycogen in the muscle
B)Converts glucose to glycogen in the liver
C)Is stimulated by cortisol
D)Both refers to the synthesis of glycogen in the muscle and converts glucose to glycogen in the liver are correct
E)Both refers to the synthesis of glycogen in the muscle and is stimulated by cortisol are correct
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18
Chapter 17: Reproduction
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Sample Questions
Q1) Conversion of spermatids to spermatozoa involves cell division.
A)True
B)False
Q2) In the differentiation of a normal female,
A)Müllerian inhibiting substance causes the Müllerian ducts to regress
B)The uterus and uterine tubes are formed from the Wolffian ducts
C)Female genitalia form in the absence of hormonal stimulation
D)The gonads remain undifferentiated throughout fetal life
E)None of the choices are true
Q3) Symptoms of preeclampsia generally include glucose in the urine,abnormal fluid retention,and hypertension.
A)True
B)False
Q4) Meiosis results in germ cells with 23 maternal chromosomes in one daughter cell and 23 paternal chromosomes in the other.
A)True
B)False
Q5) One function of semen is to buffer the acidic secretions of the vagina.
A)True
B)False
19
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Chapter 18: The Immune System
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which of the following statements regarding complement is true?
A)Complement refers to a protein that is present in blood in an inactive form
B)Activated complement can form a membrane attack complex, which causes lysis of microbes
C)Activated complement stimulates cells to secrete chemicals that cause vasoconstriction
D)Both complement refers to a protein that is present in blood in an inactive form and activated complement can form a membrane attack complex, which causes lysis of microbes are true
E)All of the choices are true
Q2) Natural killer cells
A)Are activated by IL-2 and interferon-gamma
B)Have no MHC restriction
C)Can bind to the Fc portion of antibodies bound to antigen
D)Both are activated by IL-2 and interferon-gamma and can bind to the Fc portion of antibodies bound to antigen are correct
E)All of the choices are correct
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Chapter 19: Medical Physiology: Integration Using Clinical Cases
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Sample Questions
Q1) Treatments for hyperthyroidism all involve reduction of the thyroid hormone levels.Which of those listed below is the most likely to do so by interfering with the synthesis of TH without destroying viable thyroid gland tissue cells.
A)Radioactive nucleotide
B)Thyroidectomy
C)Propylthiouracil and methimazole
D)Beta-adrenergic receptor blockers
E)Anti-inflammatory glucocorticoids
Q2) In the scenario of the patient with peritonitis caused by appendicitis,the appendix is surgically removed and the abdominal organs are given a thorough washing with saline and antibiotics.Why was this done?
A)To reduce the number of bacterial cells and toxins present through flushing
B)To create a hypertonic environment to kill the E.coli bacteria
C)To create a hypotonic environment to inhibit growth of the E.coli bacteria
D)To rehydrate the local tissues and replace fluids lost through vomiting and diarrhea
E)To act as a supplement to fluids being replaced by intravenous therapy and to maintain an osmotic balance in the area affected by the surgery
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