Medical Physiology
Question Bank
Course Introduction
Medical Physiology explores the fundamental mechanisms underlying normal function in the human body, emphasizing the integration of cellular, tissue, organ, and systemic processes. The course covers essential topics such as cellular physiology, neurophysiology, cardiovascular, respiratory, renal, gastrointestinal, endocrine, and reproductive systems. Emphasis is placed on understanding how physiological processes are regulated and how disruptions can lead to disease. Through lectures, case studies, and practical sessions, students gain a comprehensive foundation for interpreting clinical signs and symptoms, forming the basis for further studies in medicine and healthcare.
Recommended Textbook
Human Physiology 13th Edition by Stuart Fox
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19 Chapters
2791 Verified Questions
2791 Flashcards
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Page 2
Chapter 1: The Study of Body Function
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118 Verified Questions
118 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) One exocrine function of the skin is the synthesis and secretion of melanin from the sebaceous glands.
A)True
B)False
Answer: False
Q2) Aristotle is considered the father of physiology because he attempted to apply physical laws to the study of human function.
A)True
B)False
Answer: False
Q3) Scientific theories are based on a single hypothesis. A)True
B)False
Answer: False
Q4) Tendons are composed of A)adipose tissue.
B)dense regular fibrous connective tissue.
C)dense irregular fibrous connective tissue.
D)loose connective tissue.
Answer: B
Page 3
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Chapter 2: Chemical Composition of the Body
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116 Verified Questions
116 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Lipids containing glycerol would include _______________ and ____________.
A)triglycerides,steroids
B)prostaglandins,phospholipids
C)triglycerides,phospholipids
D)steroids,prostaglandins
Answer: C
Q2) Water makes up _____ of the total body weight of an average adult.
A)50-60%
B)55-65%
C)60-70%
D)65-75%
Answer: C
Q3) Acids release hydrogen ions into solutions.
A)True
B)False
Answer: True
Q4) Negatively charged ions will migrate towards the anode in an electrical field.
A)True
B)False
Answer: True
4
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Chapter 3: Cell Structure and Genetic Control
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147 Verified Questions
147 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Crossing over allows for the exchange of genetic material between homologous chromosomes.
A)True
B)False
Answer: True
Q2) The movement of chromosomes during mitosis is due to A)spindle fibers.
B)telomeres.
C)chromatids.
D)actin and myosin.
Answer: A
Q3) Growth of a tissue due to hypertrophy occurs when cells increase in number.
A)True
B)False
Answer: False
Q4) The granular (rough)endoplasmic reticulum is characterized by a lack of ribosomes. A)True
B)False
Answer: False
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Chapter 5: Cell Respiration and Metabolism
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106 Verified Questions
106 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) The primary site of ketone body synthesis is
A)the lung.
B)the kidney.
C)the liver.
D)adipose tissue.
Q2) The hydrolysis of triglycerides to fatty acids and glycerol is called
A)lipogenesis.
B)lipolysis.
C)beta-oxidation.
D)deamination.
Q3) ______________ reactions require energy to synthesize large molecules from small molecules.
A)Combustion
B)Catabolic
C)Anabolic
D)Decomposition
Q4) In glycolysis,glucose is converted to glycogen.
A)True
B)False
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Chapter 6: Interactions Between Cells and the Extracellular Environment
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123 Verified Questions
123 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) How much of the extracellular fluid comes from blood plasma?
A)33%
B)92%
C)20%
D)50%
Q2) A solution with an osmolality four times greater than plasma would freeze at
A)-0.56<sup>\(\circ\)</sup>C.
B)-1.12<sup>\(\circ\)</sup>C.
C)-1.68<sup>\(\circ\)</sup>C.
D)-2.24<sup>\(\circ\)</sup>C.
Q3) Transport of materials through an epithelial cell is called
A)paracellular transport.
B)transcellular transport.
C)bulk transport.
D)exocytosis.
Q4) 80% of the extracellular fluid is termed as interstitial fluid.
A)True
B)False
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Chapter 7: The Nervous System: Neurons and Synapses
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190 Verified Questions
190 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Animals that cannot synthesize neuropeptide Y would be prone to seizures.
A)True
B)False
Q2) The nicotinic ACh receptor is a ligand-gated channel.
A)True
B)False
Q3) Endogenous cannabinoids have effects similar to the active ingredient in A)cocaine.
B)nicotine.
C)amphetamines.
D)marijuana.
Q4) If the binding of muscarine to its receptor in the heart causes the beta-gamma complex of the G-protein to bind to a K+ channel,
A)the K+ channel will close,leading to depolarization.
B)the K+ channel will open,leading to depolarization.
C)the K+ channel will close,leading to hyperpolarization and inhibition.
D)the K+ channel will open,leading to hyperpolarization and inhibition.
Q5) Nerve cells depolarize due to the influx of K<sup>+</sup>.
A)True
B)False
Page 8
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Chapter 8: The Central Nervous System
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160 Verified Questions
160 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of Alzheimer's disease?
A)an accumulation of intracellular proteins that form neurofibrillar tangles
B)loss of neurons in the hippocampus and cerebral cortex
C)an accumulation of extracellular proteins that form senile plaques
D)most cases are inherited
Q2) Knowing how to tie your shoes is an example of _____ memory.
A)episodic
B)semantic
C)procedural
D)working
Q3) Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)uses ______________ as its basis for producing images.
A)x-rays
B)gamma rays
C)spinning protons
D)electrical currents
Q4) The reticulospinal tracts are the major descending pathways of the pyramidal system.
A)True
B)False
Page 9
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Chapter 9: The Autonomic Nervous System
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105 Verified Questions
105 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) The vagus nerve gives rise to preganglionic parasympathetic fibers involved in regulating most thoracic and abdominal organs.
A)True
B)False
Q2) Adrenergic receptors are found on the surface of postganglionic sympathetic neurons.
A)True
B)False
Q3) Which organ receives only sympathetic innervation?
A)the adrenal medulla
B)arrector pili muscles in the skin
C)most blood vessels
D)All apply.
Q4) The parasympathetic division of the autonomic nervous system
A)has long postganglionic neurons.
B)has a single neuron arising from the spinal cord.
C)has relatively short preganglionic neurons.
D)has terminal ganglia embedded in the visceral effectors.
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Page 10
Chapter 10: Sensory Physiology
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180 Verified Questions
180 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which of the following is NOT a type of cortical visual neuron?
A)simple
B)compound
C)complex
D)hypercomplex
Q2) Inability to detect rotational acceleration occurs when the saccule is damaged.
A)True
B)False
Q3) Each cone communicates with only one ganglion cell while many rods communicate with one ganglion cell.
A)True
B)False
Q4) What type of G-proteins are associated with the visual cycle?
A)transducins
B)gustducins
C)roducins
D)None apply.
Q5) M cones are medium length green cones.
A)True
B)False
11
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Chapter 11: Endocrine Glands: Secretion and Action of Hormones
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157 Verified Questions
157 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Drugs that are useful for treating asthma are
A)COX-2 inhibitors.
B)anti-leukotrienes.
C)COX-3 inhibitors.
D)COX-1 inhibitors.
Q2) ____________ regulators mediate the function of the cells in which they are synthesized.
A)Autocrine regulators
B)Endocrine regulator.
C)Paracrine regulators.
D)Exocrine regulators.
Q3) cAMP activates ______ that activates other enzymes in the cell.
A)protein kinase
B)calcium
C)calmodulin
D)tyrosine kinase
Q4) A deficiency of dietary iodine would result in excessive TSH secretion.
A)True
B)False
Page 12
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Chapter 12: Muscle: Mechanisms of Contraction and Neural Control
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149 Verified Questions
149 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Sarcomeres contain elastic titin filaments which help the muscles return to their resting length during muscle relaxation.
A)True
B)False
Q2) The cerebellum directly influences motor activity.
A)True
B)False
Q3) Fast twitch fibers have the greatest resistance to fatigue.
A)True
B)False
Q4) _________ filaments are attached to dense bodies in smooth muscle cells.
A)Actin
B)Myosin
C)Troponin
D)Tropomyosin
Q5) A crossed-extensor reflex demonstrates double reciprocal innervation. A)True
B)False
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Chapter 13: Blood,heart and Circulation
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157 Verified Questions
157 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Hemophilia is
A)an X-linked trait.
B)more prevalent in women.
C)results in excessive blood clots.
D)All apply
Q2) The ventricles completely empty when they contract in systole.
A)True
B)False
Q3) Blood is composed of formed elements and plasma.
A)True
B)False
Q4) Endogenously applied ______________ or tissue plasminogen activator (TPA)can induce blood clot dissolution.
A)albumin
B)streptokinase
C)thromboxane A<sub>2</sub>
D)penicillin
Q5) The pressure of arterial blood is lower than the pressure of venous blood.
A)True
B)False
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Chapter 14: Cardiac Output, blood Flow, and Blood Pressure
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150 Verified Questions
150 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) How much filtrate do the kidneys produce per day?
A)10 L
B)50 L
C)110 L
D)180 L
Q2) During congestive heart failure
A)high blood K<sup>+</sup> causes cardiac arrest in systole.
B)high blood Ca<sup>2+</sup> causes cardiac arrest in systole.
C)blood pools in front of the affected ventricle.
D)renin secretion is stimulateD.
Q3) Increased blood flow to an organ is induced by decreased tissue H<sup>+</sup> concentrations.
A)True
B)False
Q4) At rest,both cardiac and skeletal muscle arterioles have a high peripheral resistance due to
A)cholinergic sympathetic stimulation.
B)\(\beta\)-adrenergic sympathetic stimulation.
C)\(\alpha\)-adrenergic sympathetic stimulation.
D)cholinergic parasympathetic stimulation.
Page 15
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Chapter 15: The Immune System
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137 Verified Questions
137 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Helper T cell activation occurs more readily if the antigen presenting cells are
A)dendritic cells and macrophages.
B)macrophages and mast cells.
C)B and T lymphocytes.
D)neutrophils and basophils.
Q2) The ability of IgM antibodies to convert of other types of antibodies is called A)cloning.
B)antigen-dependent diversification.
C)class switch recombination.
D)somatic hyper mutation.
Q3) What substance released by NK cells and cytotoxic T cells destroys the DNA of an infected cell?
A)perforin
B)interleukin-1
C)interferon
D)granzyme
Q4) The population of T lymphocytes in the blood is larger than that of the B lymphocytes.
A)True
B)False
Page 16
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Chapter 16: Respiratory Physiology
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164 Verified Questions
164 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Peripheral chemoreceptors that can detect changes in blood pH are located in the A)medulla oblongatA.
B)aortic and carotid bodies.
C)pons.
D)lungs.
Q2) Hemoglobin F
A)has a lower affinity for oxygen than hemoglobin A.
B)contains two alpha and two gamma chains.
C)binds large amounts of 2,3-DPG.
D)is increased in sickle-cell anemia.
Q3) Diffusion rate across the respiratory membrane is rapid because
A)there are about 750 square feet of alveoli membrane.
B)alveoli are one cell thick.
C)the air-blood barrier is two cells thick.
D)All of the choices are correct.
Q4) Which of the following is NOT a function of the conducting zone?
A)gas exchange
B)filtering and cleaning the air
C)warming and humidifying the air
D)All of the choices are functions.
Page 17
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Chapter 17: Physiology of the Kidneys
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152 Verified Questions
152 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Uremia may cause
A)acidosis.
B)hyperkalemia.
C)uretic coma.
D)All of the choices are correct.
Q2) Which transporters in the proximal tubule are polyspecific and transport small molecules of drugs and toxins to the ultrafiltrate?
A)water transporters
B)renal aquaporins
C)organic anion transporters
D)toxiporins
Q3) Thiazide diuretics
A)inhibit the actions of ADH.
B)add extra solutes to the filtrate.
C)inhibit active transport of salt out of the ascending limb of Henle loop.
D)inhibit salt transport in the first section of the distal tubule and the last part of the ascending limb of Henle loop.
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18
Chapter 18: The Digestive System
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Sample Questions
Q1) "Traveler's diarrhea" results when
A)enterogastrone secretion is inhibited.
B)gastrointestinal motility is stimulated by increased parasympathetic outflow.
C)guanylin receptors in the ileum and colon are stimulated by enterotoxins.
D)cholecystokinin secretion is inhibiteD.
Q2) Protein digestion would decrease if lactase were not present on the brush border.
A)True
B)False
Q3) Which of the following is NOT an effect of gastrin?
A)stimulates parietal cells to secrete HCl
B)stimulates chief cells to secrete pepsinogen
C)stimulates secretion of pancreatic juice enzymes
D)maintains structure of gastric mucosa
Q4) Physiological jaundice of the newborn is due to high levels of
A)free bilirubin.
B)urobilinogen.
C)conjugated bilirubin.
D)None of the choices are correct.
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Page 19
Chapter 19: Regulation and Metabolism
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Sample Questions
Q1) Insulin secretion is often normal in individuals with type I diabetes mellitus.
A)True
B)False
Q2) Stress hyperglycemia results from the effects of epinephrine and glucagon.
A)True
B)False
Q3) Which of the following acts as an antioxidant within the body?
A)vitamin C
B)vitamin A
C)vitamin K
D)niacin
Q4) If an individual consumes excess calories in the form of carbohydrates,the excess energy is stored as A)glycogen.
B)structural carbohydrates.
C)fat.
D)skeletal muscle.
Q5) Epinephrine increases lipolysis and ketogenesis.
A)True
B)False
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Chapter 20: Reproduction
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Sample Questions
Q1) Apoptosis of T lymphocytes requires that Sertoli cells produce
A)FAS ligand.
B)androgen-binding protein.
C)testosterone.
D)All of these choices are correct.
Q2) Genetic screening of newborns using only a drop of blood can determine which of the following genetic disorders?
A)hypothyroidism
B)cystic fibrosis
C)sickle cell anemia
D)All of the choices are correct.
Q3) The ___________ phase of the endometrium is supported when the ovary is in the luteal phase.
A)proliferative
B)secretory
C)menstrual
D)ovulatory
Q4) In general,the onset of puberty occurs sooner in boys compared to girls.
A)True
B)False
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