Medical Physics
Practice Questions
Course Introduction
Medical Physics is an interdisciplinary field that applies the principles and methods of physics to the diagnosis and treatment of human diseases. This course explores key topics such as radiation physics, medical imaging modalities (including X-ray, CT, MRI, and ultrasound), radiation therapy, dosimetry, and the safety aspects of using ionizing and non-ionizing radiation in medicine. Students will gain an understanding of the technological foundations behind medical equipment, the biological effects of radiation, methods for quality assurance, and the roles medical physicists play in healthcare settings. This foundation prepares students for further study or professional roles in clinical practice, research, or industry.
Recommended Textbook
Computed Tomography Physical Principles Clinical Applications and Quality Control 3rd Edition
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797 Verified Questions
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Chapter 1: Computed Tomography: An Overview
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Sample Questions
Q1) Data acquisition refers to:
A)collecting x-ray transmission readings from the patient
B)subjecting data to computer processing
C)changing the data before they are displayed on a monitor
D)storing the data collected from the patient onto magnetic tapes or disks
Answer: A
Q2) The detectors convert the attenuation data into ____________ signals.
A)digital
B)electrical
C)light
D)mechanical
Answer: B
Q3) 3D classification
A)Determine tissue types in computed tomography slices
B)Algorithms
C)Image storage
D)Computed tomography dose descriptor
E)Converting electrical signals into digital data
F)Surface-based rendering
Answer: A
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Chapter 2: Introduction to Computers
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Sample Questions
Q1) Kilobyte
A)Digital integrated circuit
B)A string of 8 bits
C)2 bytes
D)1,000,000 bytes
E)Internal memory
F)1000 bytes
G)Bit
H)Optical disk
Answer: F
Q2) Virus
A)Mimicking human intelligence
B)Secondary storage
C)Destructive program
D)Modem
E)UNIX
F)Output hardware
G)CD-ROM
Answer: C
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Page 4
Chapter 3: Digital Image Processing
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Sample Questions
Q1) The process of dividing a picture into small regions called pixels is referred to as:
A)sampling
B)quantization
C)analog-to-digital conversion
D)scanning
Answer: D
Q2) A histogram in digital image processing is:
A)a plot of the number of pixels as a function of the number of gray levels
B)a local operation
C)a spatial frequency filter
D)a windowing level
Answer: A
Q3) A digital image:
A)is a continuous image
B)is a numerical representation of an object
C)cannot be processed by a digital computer
D)is a nonvisible physical image
Answer: B
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Chapter 4: Physical Principles of Computed Tomography
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Sample Questions
Q1) Data from the computed tomography detectors are first sent to the _________ before going to the computer.
A)array processor
B)host computer
C)back projector
D)digitizers
Q2) In the attenuation of a heterogeneous beam of radiation: I. the beam quality changes, II. the beam quantity changes, III. the beam intensity changes
A)I and II
B)I and III
C)I and III.
D)I, II, and III
Q3) The most obvious difference between computed tomography and radiography is that:
A)computed tomography shows cross-sectional images or transaxial anatomy
B)radiography uses sodium iodide detectors
C)a computer is used to produce the film in radiography
D)radiography shows cross-sectional images
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Page 6
Chapter 5: Data Acquisition Concepts
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which of the following is classified as a high-speed computed tomography scanner?
A)third-generation scanner
B)fourth-generation scanner
C)spiral/helical computed tomography scanner
D)fifth-generation CT scanner
Q2) Multirow computed tomography detectors fall into two categories, namely, matrix array detectors and pixel array detectors.
A)True
B)False
Q3) Electromechanical devices made up of rings and brushes to transmit electrical energy across a rotating interface are called:
A)target rings
B)slip rings
C)spiral rings
D)helical rings
Q4) Seventh-generation scanners use flat-panel digital area detectors.
A)True
B)False
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Chapter 6: Image Reconstruction
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Sample Questions
Q1) The algorithms for the single-slice and multislice computed tomography scanners with four detector rows are referred to as spiral/helical fan-beam approximation algorithms.
A)True
B)False
Q2) The results of preprocessing are referred to as image data.
A)True
B)False
Q3) Hounsfield's first scanner used _________________ beam projections acquired through a 180-degree rotation.
A)perpendicular
B)parallel
C)long
D)short
Q4) Convolution kernels can be applied to any type of data.
A)True
B)False
Q5) An algorithm is a set of rules for solving a problem.
A)True
B)False
8
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Chapter 7: Basic Instrumentation
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Sample Questions
Q1) The imaging system components are located in the:
A)scanner room
B)radiologist viewing area
C)operator room
D)computer room
Q2) The design that incorporates the high-voltage generator on the rotating frame of the computed tomography gantry eliminates:
A)the need for long high-tension cables
B)the need for short high-tension cables
C)the detectors from within the gantry
D)the need for any cables
Q3) Which room generally houses the gantry and patient couch and should be large enough to accommodate gurneys and emergency equipment?
A)scanning room
B)computer room
C)control room
D)digital room
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Chapter 8: Image Postprocessing and Visualization Tools
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which of the following generates sagittal, coronal, and paraxial images from transaxial slices?
A)back-projection reconstruction
B)filtered back-projection reconstruction
C)multiplanar reconstruction
D)radiation treatment planning computed tomography
Q2) One industry standard in data transfer and connectivity is:
A)Digital Imaging and Communications in Medicine
B)hospital information system
C)radiology information system
D)picture archiving and communications system
Q3) Which of the following are categories of three-dimensional rendering?
I. surface-shaded display
II. volume rendering
III. maximum and minimum intensity projections
A)I and II
B)II and III
C)I and III
D)I, II, and III
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Chapter 9: Image Quality
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Sample Questions
Q1) Pixel size is determined by:
A)matrix size/field of view
B)field of view/matrix size
C)field of view * matrix size
D)field of view + matrix size
Q2) The fact that noise in the reconstructed images is no longer white describes:
I. noise power spectrum
II. Wiener spectrum
III. reconstruction spectrum
A)I and II
B)II and III
C)I and III
D)I, II, and III
Q3) Total data acquisition time is determined by: I. gantry speed
II. helical pitch
III. detector coverage
A)I and II
B)II and III
C)I and III
D)I, II, and III
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Chapter 10: Radiation Dose in Computed Tomography
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Q1) What is the term used to describe a ratio of the difference the table travels per revolution to nominal beam collimation?
A)dose-length product
B)pitch
C)scan ratio
D)tilt ratio
Q2) What is/are the unit(s) of absorbed dose?
I. rad (r)
II. gray (Gy)
III. Sievert (Sv)
A)I and II
B)II and III
C)I and III
D)I, II, and III
Q3) If the pitch increases, the dose:
A)decreases
B)increases
C)stays the same
D)pitch and dose are unrelated
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Page 12
Chapter 11: Single-Slice Spiralhelical Computed
Tomography: Physical Principles and Instrumentation
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Sample Questions
Q1) The x-ray tube and detectors are able to rotate continuously during data collection as a result of slip-ring technology.
A)True
B)False
Q2) The reconstruction increment is also referred to as:
I. the reconstruction interval
II. reconstruction spacing
III. the reconstruction model
A)I and II
B)II and III
C)I and III
D)I, II, and III
Q3) The pitch ratio is expressed as:
A)distance the table travels during 360 degrees/slice thickness
B)slice thickness/distance the table travels during 360 degrees
C)slice thickness + distance the table travels during 360 degrees
D)slice thickness * distance the table travels during 360 degrees
Q4) Pitch affects both image quality and patient dose.
A)True
B)False
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Chapter 12: Multislice Spiralhelical Computed Tomography:
Physical Principles and Instrumentation
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Q1) What term is used to describe the resorting of the three-dimensional data collected from the cone-beam acquisition to a set of two-dimensional fan-beam data?
A)binning
B)rebinning
C)reformatting
D)sampling
Q2) Dual-source computed tomography scanners are primarily used for:
A)cardiac imaging
B)quantitative imaging
C)pulmonary imaging
D)virtual colonoscopy
Q3) In a multislice computed tomography scanner, what type of algorithm can be used if the number of detector rows is small?
A)cone-beam reconstruction
B)fan-beam reconstruction
C)x-axis reconstruction
D)z-axis reconstruction
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Page 14
Chapter 13: Other Technical Applications of Computed
Tomography Imaging: Basic Principles
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Q1) Quantitative computed tomography
A)Used in radiation oncology departments
B)Used to measure bone mineral density
C)Imaging of vascular structures with the use of intravenous contrast
D)Real-time computed tomography
E)Used to image critically ill patients
F)Used to image asymptomatic patients
Q2) Protective apparel must be __________ lead equivalent.
A)0.5 mm
B)1.0 mm
C)1.5 mm
D)2.0 mm
Q3) The size of the needle and site of injection are not important during a computed tomographic angiography examination.
A)True
B)False
Q4) A virtual simulator is hardware that recreates the treatment machine.
A)True
B)False
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Chapter 14: Three-Dimensional Computed Tomography:
Basic Concepts
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which algorithm provides a valuable perspective in defining lesions for surgical planning or detecting subtle small airway diseases?
A)average intensity projection
B)maximum intensity projection
C)minimum intensity projection
D)total intensity projection
Q2) The creation of the simulated three-dimensional image from data collected from the object space is called:
A)three-dimensional transformation
B)lighting and shading
C)modeling
D)rendering
Q3) Algorithms for sliding thin slabs include all of the following except:
A)average intensity projection
B)maximum intensity projection
C)minimum intensity projection
D)total intensity projection
Q4) Slice imaging is the most complex of all three-dimensional imaging.
A)True
B)False
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Chapter 15: Virtual Reality Imaging
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Sample Questions
Q1) The Navigator visualization software allows for all of the following except:
A)capabilities for viewing inside cavities
B)capabilities for tumor staging
C)real time navigation, or "fly through"
D)viewing of three-dimensional surface-rendered abnormalities of tubular structures
Q2) The next step after data acquisition that is intended to optimize the images before they are subject to further processing and analysis is:
A)three-dimensional rendering
B)image display
C)image preprocessing
D)patient preparation
Q3) Which imaging technique uses virtual reality concepts in the creation of inner views of tubular structures?
A)virtual cardiology
B)virtual endoscopy
C)virtual gastroenterology
D)virtual bronchoscopy
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Chapter 16: Positron Emission Tomographycomputed
Tomography Scanners
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Q1) In emission imaging an external, photon emitting source rotates about the patient to acquire a(n):
A)emission scan
B)review scan
C)scout scan
D)transmission scan
Q2) A transmission scan is first acquired without the patient in place, which is called a:
A)blank scan
B)first scan
C)review scan
D)scout scan
Q3) Which of the following only looks at the ratio of events acquired with and without the patient in place?
A)averaged attenuation correction
B)measured attenuation correction
C)scanned attenuation correction
D)total attenuation correction
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Page 18
Chapter 17: Computed Tomography of the Head, Cerebral
Vessels, Neck, and Spine
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Sample Questions
Q1) A standard dose of contrast is administered for each type of examination on the basis of the patient's weight, up to a maximum.
A)True
B)False
Q2) Major indications for computed tomography imaging of the head include: I. trauma
II. stroke
III. metastatic disease
A)I and II
B)II and III
C)I and III
D)I, II, and III
Q3) Which of the following is the most common condition evaluated by repeated computed tomographic head scanning?
A)acute subdural hematoma
B)chronic subdural hematoma
C)metastatic disease
D)transient ischemic attack
Q4) Sinus disease is not well demonstrated by computed tomography.
A)True
B)False
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Chapter 18: Computed Tomography of the Body
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Q1) If the patient has had a recent barium study, sufficient time should be allowed for elimination of the contrast medium.
A)True
B)False
Q2) Computed tomography is the primary method for pelvic assessment.
A)True
B)False
Q3) Cardiac computed tomographic imaging has not proved successful in the evaluation of the coronary arteries.
A)True
B)False
Q4) In computed tomography, preoperative assessments of abdominal aortic aneurysms are performed for all of the following reasons except:
A)assess the iliac arteries
B)determine the relationship between the aneurysm and the renal arteries
C)determine surgery time
D)precisely size the entire aneurysm
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Chapter 19: Pediatric Computed Tomography
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Q1) The technologist should follow the following basic tenets when performing a pediatric examination:
I. should be able to use immobilization
II. should be honest with the patient and the patient's family
III. should be knowledgeable and well prepared
A)I and II
B)II and III
C)I and III
D)I, II, and III
Q2) Advantages of multidetector computed tomography include all of the following except:
A)better patient tolerance
B)better use of contrast media
C)improved contrast resolution
D)reduced motion artifacts
Q3) It is the responsibility of every person involved with pediatric computed tomographic imaging to make sure that diagnostic scans are obtained with the minimum radiation dose.
A)True
B)False
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Chapter 20: Quality Control for Computed Tomography
Scanners
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Q1) Regulatory agencies do not require any standard of quality.
A)True
B)False
Q2) Quality control tests can be performed by all of the following except:
A)technologists
B)medical physicists
C)quality control technicians
D)department aides
Q3) The following quality control tests should be done biannually except:
A)high-contrast resolution
B)low-contrast resolution
C)light field accuracy
D)flatness of computed tomography number
Q4) All quality control tests should be conducted on a monthly basis.
A)True
B)False
Q5) In quality control, steps are taken to correct problems.
A)True
B)False
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