Medical Physics Exam Review
Course Introduction
Medical Physics is an interdisciplinary course that explores the application of physics concepts, theories, and methods to medicine and healthcare. Covering foundational topics such as radiation physics, medical imaging techniques (X-ray, MRI, CT, ultrasound), and radiation therapy, the course examines how physical principles are harnessed for the diagnosis and treatment of diseases. Students learn about radiation safety, dosimetry, the interaction of radiation with biological tissues, and the technological advancements driving modern medical equipment. Through lectures, laboratory sessions, and case studies, the course prepares students for roles in clinical environments, research, and further study in medical technology and healthcare innovation.
Recommended Textbook
Computed Tomography Physical Principles Clinical Applications and Quality Control 3rd Edition
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Chapter 1: Computed Tomography: An Overview
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Q1) 3D classification
A)Determine tissue types in computed tomography slices
B)Algorithms
C)Image storage
D)Computed tomography dose descriptor
E)Converting electrical signals into digital data
F)Surface-based rendering
Answer: A
Q2) Who developed the first clinically useful computed tomography scanner?
A)Cormack
B)Roentgen
C)Hounsfield
D)Siemens Medical Systems
Answer: C
Q3) Data acquisition refers to:
A)collecting x-ray transmission readings from the patient
B)subjecting data to computer processing
C)changing the data before they are displayed on a monitor
D)storing the data collected from the patient onto magnetic tapes or disks
Answer: A
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Chapter 2: Introduction to Computers
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Q1) Magnetic tape
A)Mimicking human intelligence
B)Secondary storage
C)Destructive program
D)Modem
E)UNIX
F)Output hardware
G)CD-ROM
Answer: B
Q2) Laser beam
A)Digital integrated circuit
B)A string of 8 bits
C)2 bytes
D)1,000,000 bytes
E)Internal memory
F)1000 bytes
G)Bit
H)Optical disk
Answer: H
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Chapter 3: Digital Image Processing
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Sample Questions
Q1) Gray-level mapping is an example of a:
A)local operation
B)global operation
C)geometric operation
D)point processing technique
Answer: D
Q2) The least complicated and most frequently used image processing technique is the:
A)point operation
B)local operation
C)global operation
D)geometric operation
Answer: A
Q3) In which of the following are numerical representations of objects subjected to a series of operations to produce a desired result?
A)digital image processing
B)pattern recognition
C)analog-to-digital conversion
D)digital-to-analog conversion
Answer: A
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Page 5
Chapter 4: Physical Principles of Computed Tomography
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Q1) The radiation beam from an x-ray tube is:
A)homogeneous
B)heterogeneous
C)monoenergetic
D)monochromatic
Q2) Collecting data from the patient
A)Radiography
B)Heterogeneous beam
C)Window width
D)Conventional tomography
E)Homogeneous beam
F)Display device
G)Attenuation
H)Data acquisition
I)Computed tomography
Q3) In which of the following are slices taken at specific locations on the patient?
A)spiral computed tomography
B)helical computed tomography
C)conventional slice-by-slice computed tomography
D)volumetric computed tomography
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Chapter 5: Data Acquisition Concepts
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Q1) The overall goal of the electron-beam computed tomography scanner is to produce low-resolution images of moving organs that are free of artifacts caused by motion.
A)True
B)False
Q2) Which scanner allows for continuous rotation of the x-ray tube while the patient moves simultaneously through the gantry aperture?
A)third-generation conventional scanner
B)fourth-generation conventional scanner
C)spiral/helical scanner
D)dynamic volume scanner
Q3) Photodiodes are now used in computed tomography scintillation detectors.
A)True
B)False
Q4) The change of attenuation and thickness data into transmission measurement is called efficiency conversion.
A)True
B)False
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Chapter 6: Image Reconstruction
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Q1) Which of the following algorithms is most commonly used in state-of-the-art computed tomography scanners?
A)iterative algorithms
B)back projection
C)filtered back projection
D)Fourier reconstruction
Q2) Which of the following refers to a defined set of instructions for solving a problem?
A)algorithm
B)Fourier transform
C)interpolation
D)convolution
Q3) Filtered back projection is also referred to as the ______________
A)convolution method
B)interpolation method
C)algorithm method
D)iterative method
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Chapter 7: Basic Instrumentation
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Q1) Computer architectures that have been used over time include: I. pipeline processing
II. parallel processing
III. distributed processing
A)I and II
B)II and III
C)I and III
D)I, II, and III
Q2) Which of the following houses the host computer and other peripheral computing equipment?
A)the computer room
B)the control room
C)the operator and observer room
D)the scanning room
Q3) Quality control equipment is part of the equipment specifications for computed tomography.
A)True
B)False
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Page 9
Chapter 8: Image Postprocessing and Visualization Tools
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Q1) The window width and window length settings for a given examination of the abdomen are 400 and 0, respectively. Which of the following is true?
A)all structures between -200 and 200 will spread through the gray scale
B)all structures between -200 and 200 will be white
C)all structures between -200 and 200 will be black
D)only those structures above 400 will have different shades of gray
Q2) Reconstruction synthesis operations create images from other images or nonimage data.
A)True
B)False
Q3) Which of the following controls the contrast of the computed tomography image?
A)peak kilovoltage
B)milliamperage
C)window length
D)window width
Q4) A large window width means a long gray scale.
A)True
B)False
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Chapter 9: Image Quality
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Q1) To sharpen the image, a convolution process (a ramp filter) is applied to modify the frequency contents of the projection before back-projection.
A)True
B)False
Q2) All of the following are major categories of artifacts except: A)streaks
B)shading
C)rings and bands
D)noise
Q3) Both voluntary and involuntary motion appears as ____________ that are usually tangential to the high-contrast edges of the moving part.
A)streaks
B)shading
C)bands
D)rings
Q4) Low-contrast resolution can be measured with phantoms that contain low-contrast objects of different sizes.
A)True B)False
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Chapter 10: Radiation Dose in Computed Tomography
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Q1) Which technique factor determines the quantity of photons (dose) incident on the patient for the duration of the exposure?
A)kV
B)mA
C)seconds
D)mAs
Q2) If the pitch increases, the dose:
A)decreases
B)increases
C)stays the same
D)pitch and dose are unrelated
Q3) Phantoms are not used for the process of computed tomography dose measurement.
A)True
B)False
Q4) rad
A)old unit of effective dose
B)conventional unit of exposure
C)old unit of absorbed dose
D)SI unit of effective dose
E)SI unit of absorbed dose
12
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Chapter 11: Single-Slice Spiralhelical Computed
Tomography: Physical Principles and Instrumentation
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Q1) Volume computed tomography can also be referred to as: I. spiral computed tomography
II. helical computed tomography
III. circular computed tomography
A)I and II
B)II and III
C)I and III
D)I, II, and III
Q2) All the following are typical scan parameters for spiral/helical computed tomography scanners except:
A)table speed
B)scan range
C)number of revolutions
D)patient size
Q3) A number of interpolation algorithms are used to produce the planar data set, but linear interpolation is the simplest approach.
A)True
B)False
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Chapter 12: Multislice Spiralhelical Computed Tomography:
Physical Principles and Instrumentation
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Q1) Pitch directly relates to:
I. patient comfort
II. patient dose
III. volume scanned
A)I and II
B)II and III
C)I and III
D)I, II, and III
Q2) Which of the following are algorithms that were developed to reconstruct from variable slice thicknesses?
I. longitudinal interpolation by z-filtering
II. spiral/helical scanning by interlaced scanning
III. spiral/helical scanning by optimized sampling
A)I and II
B)II and III
C)I and III
D)I, II, and III
Q3) A pitch greater than 1 will result in an increased dose.
A)True
B)False
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Chapter 13: Other Technical Applications of Computed
Tomography Imaging: Basic Principles
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Q1) The selection of peak kilovoltage and milliamperage used in computed tomographic angiography examinations is usually determined by:
I. abnormalities of the area being imaged
II. level of noise in the images
III. patient size
A)I and II
B)II and III
C)I and III
D)I, II, and III
Q2) Computed tomographic angiography
A)Used in radiation oncology departments
B)Used to measure bone mineral density
C)Imaging of vascular structures with the use of intravenous contrast
D)Real-time computed tomography
E)Used to image critically ill patients
F)Used to image asymptomatic patients
Q3) During data acquisition in computed tomography fluoroscopy, the patient remains stationary.
A)True
B)False
15
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Chapter 14: Three-Dimensional Computed Tomography:
Basic Concepts
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Q1) The creation of the simulated three-dimensional image from data collected from the object space is called:
A)three-dimensional transformation
B)lighting and shading
C)modeling
D)rendering
Q2) An internal representation of surfaces that will be visible in the displayed image and then "lights" according to a standard protocol describes:
A)multiplanar rendering
B)surface rendering
C)volume rendering
D)voxel rendering
Q3) Which modeling technique transforms a two-dimensional profile into a three-dimensional object?
A)extrusion
B)image mapping
C)procedural texturing
D)surface mapping
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Chapter 15: Virtual Reality Imaging
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Sample Questions
Q1) Virtual endoscopy includes all of the following applications except:
A)virtual arthroscopy
B)virtual colonoscopy
C)virtual cholangiopancreatoscopy
D)virtual labyrinthoscopy
Q2) In the semiautomatic mode of __________ the user selects objects to include the data set through the use of windowing.
A)three-dimensional rendering B)image segmentation
C)surface rendering D)volume extraction
Q3) Studies have shown that virtual endoscopies would be more expensive than real endoscopies.
A)True
B)False
Q4) Virtual reality is a branch of computer science that immerses users in a computer-generated environment and allows them to interact with three-dimensional scenes.
A)True
B)False
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Chapter 16: Positron Emission Tomographycomputed
Tomography Scanners
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Q1) The use of contrast media in computed tomography can lead to artifacts in the reconstructed positron emission tomography data.
A)True
B)False
Q2) Another approach to attenuation correction in positron emission tomography is to use the data from a magnetic resonance imaging scan that are registered to the positron emission tomography data.
A)True
B)False
Q3) In emission imaging an external, photon emitting source rotates about the patient to acquire a(n):
A)emission scan
B)review scan
C)scout scan
D)transmission scan
Q4) A positron has the same mass as an electron but has a positive rather than a negative charge.
A)True
B)False
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Chapter 17: Computed Tomography of the Head, Cerebral Vessels, Neck, and Spine
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Q1) In adults, the preferred scanning line is the:
I. canthomeatal line
II. orbitomeatal line
III. Reid's baseline
A)I and II
B)II and III
C)I and III
D)I, II, and III
Q2) Indications for a computed tomographic scan of the neck include all of the following except:
A)carotid stenosis
B)goiter
C)mass
D)polyps
Q3) As with plain radiographs, transverse images and coronal reformatted images are viewed as if facing the individual.
A)True
B)False
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Chapter 18: Computed Tomography of the Body
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Q1) Computed tomographic imaging of skeletal trauma includes anatomical regions of the:
I. ankle
II. pelvis
III. shoulder
A)I and II
B)II and III
C)I and III
D)I, II, and III
Q2) Computed tomographic examinations usually begin with a digital localizing radiograph, also known as a:
I. scanogram
II. scout view
III. topogram
A)I and II
B)II and III
C)I and III
D)I, II, and III
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Chapter 19: Pediatric Computed Tomography
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Q1) Primary indications for computed tomographic imaging over magnetic resonance imaging in brain studies include all of the following except:
A)assessment of trauma in the acute phase
B)otitis
C)fractures
D)skull lesions
Q2) The principal duty of the technologist is to ensure that the examination is:
I. done accurately
II. done quickly
III. done safely
A)I and II
B)II and III
C)I and III
D)I, II, and III
Q3) Successful computed tomographic angiography in children requires optimization of scan technique and contrast administration.
A)True
B)False
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Chapter 20: Quality Control for Computed Tomography
Scanners
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Q1) Quality control tests that are effective must be objective, quantitative, and easy and can be done very quickly.
A)True
B)False
Q2) Quality control tests, test results, and interpretation of test results should be:
A)recorded in a quality control logbook
B)recorded on pieces of paper
C)recorded on the bulletin board beside the computed tomography scanner
D)recorded in the positioning notebook of the technologist
Q3) Quality control tests can be performed by all of the following except:
A)technologists
B)medical physicists
C)quality control technicians
D)department aides
Q4) The following quality control tests should be done biannually except:
A)high-contrast resolution
B)low-contrast resolution
C)light field accuracy
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