Medical Physics Exam
Bank
Course Introduction
Medical Physics explores the application of physics principles and techniques to medicine and healthcare. This course introduces students to the fundamental concepts of radiation physics, imaging technologies, radiation therapy, and the use of physical instrumentation in diagnosis and treatment. Topics include the interaction of radiation with matter, medical imaging modalities such as X-ray, MRI, and ultrasound, dosimetry, safety standards, and quality assurance. Emphasis is placed on applying theoretical knowledge to real-world clinical scenarios, preparing students to understand the critical role physics plays in advancing medical technology and patient care.
Recommended Textbook
Computed Tomography Physical Principles Clinical Applications and Quality Control 3rd Edition
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20 Chapters
797 Verified Questions
797 Flashcards
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Chapter 1: Computed Tomography: An Overview
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40 Verified Questions
40 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) All these elements can be used during data acquisition to reduce patient dose except:
A)combined applications
B)ultrafast ceramic detectors
C)decreased pitch
D)on-line dose modulation
Answer: C
Q2) Optical disks
A)Determine tissue types in computed tomography slices
B)Algorithms
C)Image storage
D)Computed tomography dose descriptor
E)Converting electrical signals into digital data
F)Surface-based rendering
Answer: C
Q3) Quality control is well established in computed tomography.
A)True
B)False
Answer: True
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Page 3
Chapter 2: Introduction to Computers
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Sample Questions
Q1) The introduction of the integrated circuit etched onto silicon chips and using magnetic disks for storage was a feature of which generation of computers?
A)first generation
B)second generation
C)third generation
D)fourth generation
Answer: C
Q2) Operating system
A)Mimicking human intelligence
B)Secondary storage
C)Destructive program
D)Modem
E)UNIX
F)Output hardware
G)CD-ROM
Answer: E
Q3) A bit is a contraction for binary digit.
A)True
B)False
Answer: True
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Chapter 3: Digital Image Processing
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48 Verified Questions
48 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) The process of dividing a picture into small regions called pixels is referred to as:
A)sampling
B)quantization
C)analog-to-digital conversion
D)scanning
Answer: D
Q2) Which image processing hardware is responsible for high-speed processing of the input digital data?
A)digitizer
B)image memory
C)internal image processor
D)host computer
Answer: C
Q3) Digital image processing techniques have been applied successfully in not only the space program but also in medical imaging.
A)True
B)False
Answer: True
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Chapter 4: Physical Principles of Computed Tomography
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Sample Questions
Q1) All of the following apply to CT except:
A)a computer is used to reconstruct cross-sectional images of the patient
B)mathematical methods are used to reconstruct images
C)x-ray film is used as the detector
D)special detectors are used to detect x rays that have passed through the patient at multiple angles
Q2) The Compton effect occurs largely in soft tissues.
A)True
B)False
Q3) In the attenuation of a heterogeneous beam of radiation:
I. the beam quality changes, II. the beam quantity changes, III. the beam intensity changes
A)I and II
B)I and III
C)I and III.
D)I, II, and III
Q4) A limitation of conventional radiography is that it is qualitative rather than quantitative.
A)True
B)False
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Chapter 5: Data Acquisition Concepts
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Sample Questions
Q1) Gas ionization chambers were first introduced in second-generation scanners.
A)True
B)False
Q2) Which computed tomography scanner is based on a fan beam geometry and complete rotation of the x-ray tube and detectors?
A)first-generation scanner
B)second-generation scanner
C)third-generation scanner
D)fourth-generation scanner
Q3) Detector electronics
A)Data acquisition system
B)Flashes of light
C)Beam hardening
D)Xenon gas
E)Slice thickness
F)Photodiode
G)Continuous gantry rotation
Q4) The high-voltage generators of slip-ring scanners are located in the gantry.
A)True
B)False
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Chapter 6: Image Reconstruction
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Sample Questions
Q1) Fourier transform
A)Set of rules for solving a problem
B)Mathematical technique of value estimation
C)Converts signals in the spatial domain to the frequency domain
D)Digital image processing
E)Linear superposition method
Q2) The results of preprocessing are referred to as image data.
A)True
B)False
Q3) Which of the following refers to a function that relates to the amplitude and phases of a sine wave and corresponds to a specific frequency?
A)Fourier transform
B)algorithm
C)convolution
D)interpolation
Q4) The Fourier transform is a technique for estimating a function from known values on both sides of it.
A)True
B)False
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Chapter 7: Basic Instrumentation
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Sample Questions
Q1) The operating system used in some computed tomography scanners is:
A)MS DOS
B)MacOS
C)UNIX compatible
D)OS/2
Q2) The computer system for computed tomography includes all of the following except:
A)detector electronics
B)input-output devices
C)the central processing unit
D)array processors and back-projector
Q3) The imaging system components are located in the:
A)scanner room
B)radiologist viewing area
C)operator room
D)computer room
Q4) The touch screen allows the technologist to enter data into the computer without the keyboard.
A)True
B)False
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Chapter 8: Image Postprocessing and Visualization Tools
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Sample Questions
Q1) When the window length is centered on the lungs, the image display is optimized for the lungs.
A)True
B)False
Q2) One major disadvantage of multiplanar reconstruction is that images are not as good as those obtained in transaxial images.
A)True
B)False
Q3) Image smoothing is an example of a linear image manipulation technique.
A)True
B)False
Q4) Which of the following fall into the category of a linear image manipulation technique(s)?
I. image enhancement
II. contrast stretching
III. image smoothing
A)I and II
B)II and III
C)I and III
D)I, II, and III
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Chapter 9: Image Quality
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Sample Questions
Q1) In-plane resolution is measured in terms of: I. line pairs/centimeter
II. line pairs/millimeter
III. line pairs/inch
A)I and II
B)II and III
C)I and III
D)I, II, and III
Q2) A small focal spot size or lower tube current will result in:
A)decreased sampling frequency
B)decreased detector cell size
C)higher spatial resolution
D)lower spatial resolution
Q3) Partial volume artifacts can be reduced with _____________ slice acquisitions and computer algorithms.
A)faster
B)shorter
C)thicker
D)thinner
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11
Chapter 10: Radiation Dose in Computed Tomography
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which technique factor determines the quantity of photons (dose) incident on the patient for the duration of the exposure?
A)kV
B)mA
C)seconds
D)mAs
Q2) The method suggested by the Center for Devices and Radiological Health for computed tomography dose measurement is the pencil ionization chamber.
A)True
B)False
Q3) What dose-response model is a radiation risk model most favored by radiobiologists in estimating the risk of exposure in radiology?
A)linear threshold
B)linear nonthreshold
C)nonlinear threshold
D)nonlinear nonthreshold
Q4) The dose-length product is directly proportional to the scan length.
A)True
B)False
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Chapter 11: Single-Slice Spiralhelical Computed
Tomography: Physical Principles and Instrumentation
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which of the following can eliminate motion artifacts? I. calculation of a planar data set
II. increased scan speed
III. reconstruction of images
A)I and II
B)II and III
C)I and III
D)I, II, and III
Q2) Which of the following are reasons that patient dose is less in single-slice spiral/helical computed tomography compared with conventional computed tomography? I. tube currents are set to lower values
II. spiral/helical computed tomography largely eliminates the need to retake single scans
III. spiral/helical computed tomography can use a pitch of less than 1
A)I and II
B)II and III
C)I and III
D)I, II, and III
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Chapter 12: Multislice Spiralhelical Computed Tomography:
Physical Principles and Instrumentation
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Sample Questions
Q1) To prevent anode movement under the stress of subsecond acceleration, new x-ray tubes have the anode mounted on a shaft that extends along the tube.
A)True
B)False
Q2) In a multislice computed tomography scanner, what type of algorithm can be used if the number of detector rows is small?
A)cone-beam reconstruction
B)fan-beam reconstruction
C)x-axis reconstruction
D)z-axis reconstruction
Q3) Detector row collimation is equal to:
A)D (mm) + N
B)D (mm) - N
C)D (mm) *N
D)D (mm)/N
Q4) Another application of the dual-source computed tomography scanner includes imaging of obese patients.
A)True
B)False
14
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Chapter 13: Other Technical Applications of Computed
Tomography Imaging: Basic Principles
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Sample Questions
Q1) The maximum fluoroscopy time for continuous imaging is:
A)50 seconds
B)100 seconds
C)150 seconds
D)200 seconds
Q2) The direct conversion flat-panel detector is used in flat-detector computed tomography systems.
A)True
B)False
Q3) Image fusion is computer software that can integrate the image data from computed tomography, magnetic resonance imaging, positron emission tomography, single-photon emissions computed tomography, and ultrasonography.
A)True
B)False
Q4) Portable multislice computed tomography scanners can be transported to critically ill patients.
A)True
B)False
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Chapter 14: Three-Dimensional Computed Tomography:
Basic Concepts
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Sample Questions
Q1) All of the following are tissue types used for voxel classification except:
A)bone
B)connective
C)fat
D)soft tissue
Q2) Which of the following can be used to evaluate hollow structures such as the colon and the bronchi and can create an approach that allows for a "fly through"?
A)maximum volume rendering
B)minimum volume rendering
C)perspective volume rendering
D)volume rendering
Q3) Slice imaging is the most complex of all three-dimensional imaging.
A)True
B)False
Q4) Ray tracing involves a mathematical ray sent from the observer's eye through the two-dimensional computer screen to pass through the three-dimensional volume that contains opaque and transparent objects.
A)True
B)False
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Chapter 15: Virtual Reality Imaging
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Sample Questions
Q1) One advantage of virtual endoscopy is that it can reduce complications that might arise from conventional endoscopy.
A)True
B)False
Q2) Studies have shown that virtual endoscopies would be more expensive than real endoscopies.
A)True B)False
Q3) Proper patient preparation is not important for the success of virtual colonoscopy.
A)True
B)False
Q4) What is the first step in virtual endoscopy imaging?
A)careful selection of scan parameters
B)image segmentation
C)three-dimensional rendering
D)image display
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Page 17
Chapter 16: Positron Emission Tomographycomputed
Tomography Scanners
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Sample Questions
Q1) Positron emission tomography with <sup>18</sup>F-2- fluoro-2-deoxy-D-glucose (FDG) is a useful tool in the initial diagnosis, staging, and follow-up of lung cancer.
A)True
B)False
Q2) A disadvantage of using isotopes such as <sup>15</sup>O, <sup>13</sup>N, and <sup>11</sup>C are their:
A)long half-lives
B)short half-lives
C)long persistence
D)short persistence
Q3) A modern positron emission tomography scanner might contain tens of thousands of small scintillating detectors.
A)True
B)False
Q4) The probability of detecting the photons from an annihilation event from one center of an object is less than that for an event on the periphery.
A)True
B)False
Page 18
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Chapter 17: Computed Tomography of the Head, Cerebral Vessels,
Neck, and Spine
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Sample Questions
Q1) What pathologic condition describes the result of a loss of adequate blood supply to a portion of the brain?
A)cerebral infarction
B)hemorrhage
C)metastatic disease
D)tumor
Q2) Spine imaging is acquired:
I. by tilting the gantry
II. perpendicular to the tabletop
III. with the patient in a lateral position
A)I and II
B)II and III
C)I and III
D)I, II, and III
Q3) To ensure that no life-threatening condition exists, the first examination performed should be:
A)computed tomographic angiography of the thoracic aorta
B)computed tomographic angiography of the neck vessels
C)computed tomographic scan of the chest
Page 19
D)computed tomographic scan of the head without contrast
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Chapter 18: Computed Tomography of the Body
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Sample Questions
Q1) High-resolution computed tomography is more sensitive than chest radiography for the detection of emphysema.
A)True
B)False
Q2) An indication for computed tomographic scanning of the chest is lymphadenopathy in patients with suspected bronchogenic carcinoma, lymphoma, or other malignancies.
A)True
B)False
Q3) In patients with known or suspected bronchogenic carcinoma, computed tomography is used to determine the extent of invasion to the: I. chest wall
II. diaphragm
III. mediastinum
A)I and II
B)II and III
C)I and III
D)I, II, and III
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Chapter 19: Pediatric Computed Tomography
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Sample Questions
Q1) Advantages of multidetector computed tomography include all of the following except:
A)better patient tolerance
B)better use of contrast media
C)improved contrast resolution
D)reduced motion artifacts
Q2) Characterization of fractures and congenital abnormalities of the skeletal system are not well visualized by computed tomography.
A)True
B)False
Q3) Modification of dose parameters is the most straightforward and important method to reduce dose.
A)True
B)False
Q4) All of the following are infections where computed tomography is used in children except:
A)appendicitis
B)diverticulitis
C)pneumonia
D)pyelonephritis
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Chapter 20: Quality Control for Computed Tomography
Scanners
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Sample Questions
Q1) Record keeping is not an important consideration in a quality control program.
A)True
B)False
Q2) Water phantoms are not used for quality control tests.
A)True
B)False
Q3) Quality control tests can be performed by all of the following except:
A)technologists
B)medical physicists
C)quality control technicians
D)department aides
Q4) Quality control test results do not have to be interpreted as soon as the tests are completed.
A)True
B)False
Q5) All quality control tests should be conducted on a monthly basis.
A)True
B)False
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