Medical Laboratory Science
Exam Solutions
Course Introduction
Medical Laboratory Science is an interdisciplinary field focused on the analysis of bodily fluids and tissues to aid in the diagnosis, treatment, and prevention of disease. This course provides foundational knowledge of clinical chemistry, hematology, microbiology, immunology, and molecular diagnostics, as well as hands-on experience with laboratory instruments, quality control, and safety protocols. Students learn to conduct, interpret, and troubleshoot laboratory tests, developing critical thinking and problem-solving skills essential for collaborating with healthcare professionals and ensuring high standards of patient care.
Recommended Textbook
Cellular and Molecular Immunology 8th Edition by Abul K. Abbas
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20 Chapters
214 Verified Questions
214 Flashcards
Source URL: https://quizplus.com/study-set/1168
Page 2
Chapter 1: Activation of T Lymphocytes
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10 Verified Questions
10 Flashcards
Source URL: https://quizplus.com/quiz/23120
Sample Questions
Q1) This molecule becomes an active transcription factor on dephosphorylation.
A)CD3
B)Lck
C)Zap-70
D)LAT
E)Ras
F)PLC
G)PIP2
H)PIP3
I)IP3
J)DAG
K)Calcineurin
L)NFAT
M)Jun
N)Fos
O)NF- B
Answer: L
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Chapter 2: Antibodies and Antigens
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10 Verified Questions
10 Flashcards
Source URL: https://quizplus.com/quiz/23121
Sample Questions
Q1) A three-dimensional shape, formed by a portion of a macromolecule, to which an antibody binds
A)Conformational determinant
B)Linear determinant
C)Neoantigenic determinant
D)Hinge region
E)Immunocomplex
F)Fab
G)Fc
H)Tail piece
I)Hapten
Answer: A
Q2) The secreted form of this isotype forms pentamers around a J chain
A)IgA
B)IgD
C)IgE
D)IgG
E)IgM
Answer: E
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Chapter 3: Antigen Processing and Presentation to T Lymphocytes
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10 Verified Questions
10 Flashcards
Source URL: https://quizplus.com/quiz/23122
Sample Questions
Q1) Site of proteolysis of antigens in the class II MHC pathway
A)T cell receptor on CD4+ T cells
B)Endosomes
C)Endoplasmic reticulum
D)MHC class II compartment/class II vesicle (MIIC/CIIV)
E)Class II-associated invariant chain peptide (CLIP)
F)LMP-2 and LMP-7
G)Acidic proteases
H)T cell receptor on CD8+ T cells
I)HLA-DM
Answer: B
Q2) A helper T cell response to a protein antigen requires the participation of antigen-presenting cells that express which of the following types of molecules?
A) Class II MHC and costimulators
B) Class I MHC and CD4
C) Class II MHC and CD8
D) CD4 and costimulators
E) Class II MHC and CD4
Answer: A
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Chapter 4: Antigen Receptors and Accessory Molecules of T Lymphocytes
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14 Verified Questions
14 Flashcards
Source URL: https://quizplus.com/quiz/23123
Sample Questions
Q1) Variable Ig domain
Q2) Constant Ig domain
Q3) VLA-4
A)B<sub>7</sub>-1, B<sub>7</sub>-2
B)Class II MHC
C)LFA-3
D)VCAM-1
E)Sialylated Lewis X
Q4) CD3 protein
Q5) P-selectin
A)B<sub>7</sub>-1, B<sub>7</sub>-2
B)Class II MHC
C)LFA-3
D)VCAM-1
E)Sialylated Lewis X
Q6) Immunoreceptor tyrosine-based activation motif (ITAM)
Q7) z protein
Q8) Complementarity-determining regions
Q9) Antigen-binding region Page 6
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Page 7
Chapter 5: B Cell Activation and Antibody Production
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11 Verified Questions
11 Flashcards
Source URL: https://quizplus.com/quiz/23124
Sample Questions
Q1) T cell-independent antigens
A)IgM
B)IgD
C)IgG
D)IgE
E)IgA
Q2) Phagocytosis
A)IgM
B)IgD
C)IgG
D)IgE
E)IgA
Q3) Binds to receptors in the gastrointestinal tract of infants for absorption into the serum
A)IgM
B)IgD
C)IgG
D)IgE
E)IgA
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Chapter 6: Effector Mechanisms of Cell-Mediated Immunity
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10 Verified Questions
10 Flashcards
Source URL: https://quizplus.com/quiz/23125
Sample Questions
Q1) This intracellular signaling molecule and transcription factor is activated by IL-12.
A)Interferon-
B)Interleukin (IL)-10
C)IL-12
D)CD40L
E)CD40
F)STAT6
G)STAT4
H)IL-5
Q2) This intracellular signaling molecule and transcription factor is required for differentiation of TH2 cells and for responses of other cells to TH2 cells.
A)Interferon-
B)Interleukin (IL)-10
C)IL-12
D)CD40L
E)CD40
F)STAT6
G)STAT4
H)IL-5
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Chapter 7: Cells and Tissues of the Immune System
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10 Verified Questions
10 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Acute-phase reactant produced by the liver and released into blood
A)Defensin
B)Opsonin
C)Natural antibody
D)Adjuvant
E)Complement
F)Inflammation
G)C-reactive protein
H)Mannose-binding lectin
I)Reactive oxygen intermediate
J)Inducible nitric oxide synthase
Q2) Toll-like receptors and other receptors are potent activators of various components of the innate immune system. All of the following proteins are expressed in response to signaling by these receptors EXCEPT:
A) Interleukin-12
B) E-selectin
C) Tumor necrosis factor
D) Inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS)
E) CD28
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Chapter 8: Congenital and Acquired Immunodeficiencies
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13 Verified Questions
13 Flashcards
Source URL: https://quizplus.com/quiz/23127
Sample Questions
Q1) Late gene product; encodes coat proteins gp120 and gp41
A)env
B)gag
C)nef
D)pol
E)rev
F)tat
G)vif
Q2) Defect in leukocyte adhesion-dependent functions, resulting from mutations in the gene encoding the CD18 integrin chain, and leading to recurrent bacterial and fungal infections
A)X-linked agammaglobulinemia
B)X-linked hyper-IgM syndrome
C)X-linked lymphoproliferative syndrome
D)Bare lymphocyte syndrome
E)Chronic granulomatous disease (CGD)
F)Leukocyte adhesion deficiency-1 (LAD-1)
G)Leukocyte adhesion deficiency-2 (LAD-2)
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11
Chapter 9: Cytokines
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14 Verified Questions
14 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Important mediator of inflammatory component of immediate hypersensitivity reactions
A)CXCL8 (IL-8)
B)CXCL10 (IP-10)
C)CCL19 (ELC)
D)CCL11 (Eotaxin)
E)CCR5
F)CXCR1
G)CX3CL1 (Fractalkine)
Q2) Produced by T cells and binds to the same receptors as does TNF-a produced by macrophages
A)TNF-RI
B)CD40
C)Fas ligand
D)RANK
E)Lymphotoxin
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Chapter 10: Diseases Caused by Immune Responses:
Hypersensitivity and Autoimmunity
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10 Verified Questions
10 Flashcards
Source URL: https://quizplus.com/quiz/23129
Sample Questions
Q1) All of the following are effector mechanisms of antibody-mediated disease EXCEPT:
A) Opsonization and phagocytosis of cells
B) Fas-dependent apoptosis of cells
C) Complement- and Fc receptor-mediated inflammation and tissue injury
D) Antibody stimulation of cell surface receptors in the absence of the physiologic ligands
E) Fc R crosslinking
Q2) In which of the following disorders is the underlying pathogenic mechanism NOT due to antibody-mediated damage to cells or tissues?
A) Pernicious anemia
B) Autoimmune hemolytic anemia
C) Pemphigus vulgaris
D) Acute rheumatic fever
E) Hyperacute allograft rejection
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Chapter 11: General Properties of Immune Response
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6 Verified Questions
6 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which of the following cell types is required for all humoral immune responses?
A) Natural killer cells
B) Dendritic cells
C) Cytolytic T lymphocytes
D) B lymphocytes
E) Helper T lymphocytes
Q2) Antibodies and T lymphocytes are the respective mediators of which two types of immunity?
A) Innate and adaptive
B) Passive and active
C) Specific and nonspecific
D) Humoral and cell-mediated
E) Adult and neonatal
Q3) The two major functional classes of effector T lymphocytes are:
A) Helper T lymphocytes and cytotoxic T lymphocytes
B) Natural killer cells and cytotoxic T lymphocytes
C) Memory T cells and effector T cells
D) Helper cells and antigen-presenting cells
E) Cytotoxic T lymphocytes and target cells
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Page 14
Chapter 12: The Major Histocompatibility Complex
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9 Verified Questions
9 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Polymorphic region
Q2) Inbred mouse strain MHC haplotype
A)HLA- 1 , -B7, -Cw4, -DPw5, -DQw10, -DR8
B)H-2
C)HLA-DQ7
D)I-Ad
E)HLA-B5
F)H-2KdI-AdI-EdDdLd
Q3) Human MHC haplotype
A)HLA- 1 , -B7, -Cw4, -DPw5, -DQw10, -DR8
B)H-2
C)HLA-DQ7
D)I-Ad
E)HLA-B5
F)H-2KdI-AdI-EdDdLd
Q4) CD8-binding site
Q5) 2-Microglobulin
Q6) Peptide-binding groove
Page 15
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Chapter 13: Effector Mechanisms of Humoral Immunity
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10 Verified Questions
10 Flashcards
Source URL: https://quizplus.com/quiz/23132
Sample Questions
Q1) Generated by factor I-mediated proteolysis, this complement fragment binds to complement receptor 2 (CR2) on B cells and enhances B cell activation.
A)C3b
B)iC3b
C)C3d
D)C5b
E)C5a
Q2) This complement fragment is a component of the membrane attack complex.
A)C3b
B)iC3b
C)C3d
D)C5b
E)C5a
Q3) Produced by C3 convertases, this opsonin promotes phagocytosis of microbes.
A)C3b
B)iC3b
C)C3d
D)C5b
E)C5a
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Page 16
Chapter 14: Immediate Hypersensitivity
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10 Verified Questions
10 Flashcards
Source URL: https://quizplus.com/quiz/23133
Sample Questions
Q1) Immediate hypersensitivity differs from delayed-type hypersensitivity in which one of the following ways?
A) Immediate hypersensitivity is a CD4<sup>+</sup> T cell-mediated disease.
B) Immediate hypersensitivity does not require previous exposure to an antigen.
C) Immediate hypersensitivity does not involve inflammation.
D) Immediate hypersensitivity is driven by cytokines such as interleukin (IL)-4, IL-5, and IL-13.
E) Immediate hypersensitivity typically leads to granuloma formation.
Q2) Membrane phospholipid derivative that causes bronchoconstriction, retraction of endothelial cells, and relaxation of vascular smooth muscle
A)Histamine
B)Tryptase
C)Prostaglandin D<sub>2</sub>
D)Leukotriene C<sub>4</sub>
E)Platelet-activating factor
F)Interleukin-5
G)Tumor necrosis factor-a
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Page 17
Chapter 15: Innate Immunity
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12 Verified Questions
12 Flashcards
Source URL: https://quizplus.com/quiz/23134
Sample Questions
Q1) The expression of this molecule is induced on endothelial cells in inflamed tissues, and it mediates rolling of T cells along the endothelial surface.
A)Peripheral lymph node addressin
B)Intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1)
C)Very late activation antigen-4 (VLA-4)
D)E-selectin
E)P-selectin ligand
F)CCR7
G)CXCR5
H)MadCAM-1
I)Vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 (VCAM-1)
Q2) In naive T cell recirculation, entry of the cells into peripheral lymph nodes occurs through which specialized vessel?
A) Efferent lymphatic
B) Thoracic duct
C) Central artery
D) High endothelial venule
E) Sinusoid
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Chapter 16: Immunologic Tolerance
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10 Verified Questions
10 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Site of central T cell tolerance induction
A)Immature (IgM<sup>+</sup>IgD<sup>-</sup>)
B)Thymic cortex
C)Bone marrow
D)Antigen recognition without T cell help
E)Receptor editing
F)Activation-induced cell death
G)Regulatory T cell-mediated suppression
H)Antigen recognition with costimulation
I)Double positive (CD4<sup>+</sup>CD8<sup>+</sup>)
J)Anergy
K)Thymic medulla
Q2) Failure of self-tolerance is the cause of which one of the following types of diseases?
A) Allograft rejection
B) Autoimmunity
C) Atopy
D) Anergy
E) Acne
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Chapter 17: Lymphocyte Maturation and Expression of Antigen Receptor Genes
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11 Verified Questions
11 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Homologous segments of this type of gene segment that encode part of the third complementarity determining region (CDR3) of Ig heavy chains and TCR b chains but not Ig light chains or TCR a chains
Q2) Encodes the isotype of antibodies made by naive B cells
Q3) Which of the following is NOT a required step in B and T lymphocyte maturation?
A) Proliferative expansion of precursor cells
B) Cell surface expression of complete antigen receptor complexes
C) Positive selection
D) Activation of precursors by foreign antigens
E) Pre-antigen receptor expression
Q4) A type of gene segment involved in somatic recombination events in Ig heavy chain and light chain as well as TCR a and b chain gene loci
Q5) A segment that encodes Ig-like domains that form part of the antigen-binding region of an Ig molecule
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Chapter 18: Immunity to Microbes
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10 Verified Questions
10 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Induction of a T cell-dependent antibody response to polysaccharides, such as Haemophilus influenzae B and pneumococcal capsular polysaccharides
A)Live attenuated or killed bacteria
B)Live attenuated oral virus
C)Synthetic viral subunit vaccines
D)Conjugate vaccines
E)Recombinant viral vectors
F)DNA vaccines
G)Purified subunit vaccines
Q2) Composed of viral proteins synthesized from recombinant viral genes
A)Live attenuated or killed bacteria
B)Live attenuated oral virus
C)Synthetic viral subunit vaccines
D)Conjugate vaccines
E)Recombinant viral vectors
F)DNA vaccines
G)Purified subunit vaccines
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21
Chapter 19: Transplantation Immunology
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10 Verified Questions
10 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Can induce anergy in T cells through inhibition of costimulatory signaling
A)Azathioprine
B)Cyclosporine
C)Mycophenolate mofetil
D)Rapamycin
E)Anti-CD40L antibody
F)Anti-IL-2R antibody
G)CTLA4-Ig
H)OKT3
I)Corticosteroids
Q2) Inhibits macrophage cytokine secretion
A)Azathioprine
B)Cyclosporine
C)Mycophenolate mofetil
D)Rapamycin
E)Anti-CD40L antibody
F)Anti-IL-2R antibody
G)CTLA4-Ig
H)OKT3
I)Corticosteroids
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Page 22
Chapter 20: Immunity to Tumors
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14 Verified Questions
14 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Prostate-specific antigen
A)Product of a cellular oncogene
B)Overexpressed unmutated cellular proteins
C)Product of unmutated genes normally silent in most tissues
D)Overexpressed surface glycolipid
E)Oncofetal antigen
F)Tissue differentiation antigen
G)Product of an oncogenic virus
Q2) Carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA)
A)Product of a cellular oncogene
B)Overexpressed unmutated cellular proteins
C)Product of unmutated genes normally silent in most tissues
D)Overexpressed surface glycolipid
E)Oncofetal antigen
F)Tissue differentiation antigen
G)Product of an oncogenic virus
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