Medical Immunology Study Guide
Questions
Course Introduction
Medical Immunology explores the function and regulation of the human immune system with emphasis on mechanisms involved in health and disease. This course covers the cellular and molecular components of innate and adaptive immunity, the development and differentiation of immune cells, and the physiological processes underlying immune responses. Topics include immune recognition, antigen presentation, cytokine signaling, immunological memory, hypersensitivity reactions, autoimmunity, immunodeficiencies, transplantation immunology, and the role of the immune system in infectious diseases and cancer. Clinical aspects such as immunodiagnostics, immunotherapies, and vaccine development are also discussed, providing insight into how advances in immunology translate into medical practice.
Recommended Textbook
Basic Immunology Functions and Disorders of the Immune System 5th Edition by Abul K. Abbas
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12 Chapters
183 Verified Questions
183 Flashcards
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Chapter 2: Introduction to the Immune System
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16 Verified Questions
16 Flashcards
Source URL: https://quizplus.com/quiz/38631
Sample Questions
Q1) Which of the following statements is consistent with the process of clonal selection?
A)The specificity of a lymphocyte antigen receptor changes to accommodate the structure of an antigen that binds to it.
B)Many different antigen receptors with different specificities are expressed on each lymphocyte.
C)Lymphocytes do not express antigen receptors on their cell surfaces until after exposure to antigen.
D)The diversity of the lymphocyte repertoire for antigens is very small before exposure to antigen but increases significantly after antigen exposure.
E)The diversity of the lymphocyte repertoire for antigens is very large before exposure to antigen,with millions of different clones of lymphocytes,each having a different specificity.
Answer: E
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3
Chapter 3: Innate Immunity
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17 Verified Questions
17 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) A 43-year-old man with a history of kidney transplantation is on immunosuppressive drugs.He presents to the emergency department 84 days after transplantation with a slight fever,accompanied by violent shaking chills,rapid heart rate,and dangerously low blood pressure.Blood cultures are positive for gram-negative bacteria,including Klebsiella and Pseudomonas.Although the patient was initially alert and responsive to fluids and antibiotic therapy,his condition rapidly deteriorates into disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC),hypoglycemia,and cardiovascular failure.Which of the following is an essential mediator of this patient's condition?
A)Transforming growth factor-\(\beta\)
B)Tumor necrosis factor-\(\alpha\)
C)Interleukin (IL)-2
D)IL-10
E)IL-3
Answer: B
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4
Chapter 4: Antigen Capture and Presentation to Lymphocytes
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17 Verified Questions
17 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which type of antigen-presenting cell is most important for activating naive T cells?
A)Macrophage
B)Dendritic cell
C)Endothelial cell
D)B lymphocyte
E)Epithelial cell
Q2) In the class I MHC pathway of antigen presentation,peptides generated in the cytosol are translocated into the endoplasmic reticulum in which of the following ways?
A)By ATP-dependent transport via the transporter associated with antigen-processing (TAP)1/2 pump
B)By passive diffusion
C)By receptor-mediated endocytosis
D)Through membrane pores
E)Via the proteasome
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Chapter 5: Antigen Recognition in the Adaptive Immune System
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19 Verified Questions
19 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which of the following is NOT a property shared by both CD4 and CD8?
A)Binds to nonpolymorphic regions of MHC molecules
B)Cytoplasmic tail associates with the Src family kinase Lck
C)Is a member of the Ig superfamily
D)Functions as a coreceptor for \(\alpha\)\(\beta\) TCRs
E)Is expressed on the majority of mature blood T cells
Q2) After 2 years of hard work,a graduate student finally succeeds in creating a gene knockout mouse lacking CD4.The student is particularly careful to keep this mouse line in a microbe-free animal facility because these mice are expected to show:
A)No ability to produce IgM antibodies
B)Impaired ability to produce antibodies and activate macrophages
C)No ability to activate naive class I-restricted T cells
D)Complete absence of cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL)responses to viral infections
E)Failure to produce neutrophils
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Chapter 6: T-Cell Mediated Immunity
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15 Verified Questions
15 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) A 7-month-old boy,the only child of second-degree cousins,saw a pediatrician for immunologic evaluation after developing Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia.Serum IgG,IgM,and IgA levels were normal.Blood cell count showed 10,600 leukocytes/mm<sup>3</sup> and 80% lymphocytes;90% of the lymphocytes were TCR \(\alpha\)\(\beta\)<sup>+</sup>CD4<sup>+</sup>.In vitro lymphocyte-proliferative responses to PHA and anti-CD3 were absent,and the pattern of tyrosine-phosphorylated cytoplasmic proteins after anti-CD3 treatment of the T cells was distinctly abnormal.This boy most likely carries homozygous mutations in the gene encoding which one of the following proteins?
A)Zap-70
B)RAG-1
C)CD3
D)Pre-T\(\alpha\)
E)TCR\(\alpha\)
Q2) Which one of the following statements about the molecule Lck is NOT true?
A)It is a member of the Src family of kinases.
B)It binds to the cytoplasmic tails of T cell coreceptors CD4 or CD8.
C)It phosphorylates ITAM motifs on the CD3 complex.
D)It phosphorylates tyrosine residues on Zap-70 and activates it.
E)It phosphorylates PIP2 to PIP3 and leads to the activation of Itk.
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Page 7
Chapter 7: Effector Mechanisms of T-Cell Mediated Immunity
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10 Verified Questions
10 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) The mechanisms by which T<sub>H</sub>1 cells protect against microbes include all of the following EXCEPT:
A)Secretion of interferon (IFN)-\(\gamma\)which activates microbicidal functions of macrophages
B)Expression of CD40 ligand,which binds to CD40 on macrophages and activates them
C)Secretion of IFN-\(\gamma\),which promotes B cell production of opsonizing antibodies
D)Secretion of lymphotoxin and tumor necrosis factor,which enhance neutrophil killing of ingested microbes
E)Release of granzyme B,which stimulates apoptosis of bacteria
Q2) Activated macrophages perform all of the following functions EXCEPT:
A)Inhibition of fibroblast proliferation and angiogenesis within damaged tissues
B)Production of lysosomal enzymes and reactive oxygen species that kill phagocytosed microbes
C)Presentation of antigen to helper T cells
D)Secretion of inflammatory cytokines such as tumor necrosis factor and interleukin-1
E)Production of nitric oxide,which helps kill microorganisms
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Chapter 8: Humoral Immune Responses
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17 Verified Questions
17 Flashcards
Source URL: https://quizplus.com/quiz/38637
Sample Questions
Q1) Which of the following statements about Ig isotype switching is NOT true?
A)Interleukin-4 promotes switching to the IgE isotype by increasing germline transcription of the C? exon.
B)Isotype switching involves recombination of a V(D)J complex with downstream C region genes and the deletion of intervening DNA including other C region genes.
C)Activation-induced deaminase (AID)is required for switch recombination.
D)The enzymes that mediate isotype switching recognize conserved heptamer and nonamer DNA sequences adjacent to the constant region exons.
E)The same recombined V(D)J gene complex is used to encode the antigen-binding region of the antibodies produced by a B cell before and after isotype switching.
Q2) Which of the following antigenic structures might activate B cell antibody production without the aid of T cells?
A)Lysozyme
B)Benzene
C)Glucose-6-phosphate
D)ABO blood group antigen
E)Rh factor antigen
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Page 9
Chapter 9: Effector Mechanisms of Humoral Immunity
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13 Verified Questions
13 Flashcards
Source URL: https://quizplus.com/quiz/38638
Sample Questions
Q1) Which of the following statements about C3 is NOT correct?
A)C3 contains an internal thioester bond that participates in covalent linkage to cell surfaces.
B)C3 is the most abundant complement protein in the serum.
C)A proteolytic fragment of C3 is part of both the C3 and C5 convertases.
D)Activated C3 is a serine protease that cleaves C4.
E)C3 in the plasma is spontaneously cleaved into C3b.
Q2) Treatment of antibodies with the enzyme papain under conditions of limited proteolysis results in hinge-region cleavage,yielding monovalent antigen-binding Fab fragments that lack a constant region.Which effector function of antibodies would Fab fragments be able to perform?
A)Complement pathway activation
B)Antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity
C)Opsonization
D)Antigen cross-linking and precipitation
E)Microbe neutralization
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Chapter 10: Immunological Tolerance and Autoimmunity
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17 Verified Questions
17 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which one of the following is NOT a mechanism of T cell tolerance?
A)Inhibition of T cell activation by interleukin-12 from regulatory T cells.
B)Apoptosis induced by Fas ligand binding to Fas.
C)Anergy induced by B7-1 or B7-2 binding to CTLA-4.
D)Anergy induced by peptide-major histocompatibility complex (MHC)binding to T cell receptors (TCRs)without B7-1 or B7-2 binding to CD28.
E)TCR-mediated up-regulation of Bim or similar pro-apoptotic proteins.
Q2) Which of the following factors generally favors stimulation of an adaptive immune response to an antigen,and not tolerance?
A)Intravenous portal of entry of antigen
B)Presence of antigen in generative lymphoid organs
C)Absence of costimulatory molecules on antigen-presenting cells
D)Innate immune response to the antigen
E)Presence of antigen during the neonatal period
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Chapter 11: Immune Responses Against Tumors and Transplants
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10 Verified Questions
10 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which of the following molecules is involved in the principal mechanism by which the immune system kills tumor cells?
A)Perforin
B)Complement C3
C)IgG
D)TGF-\(\gamma\)
E)Interleukin-2
Q2) All of the following statements about immune responses to tumors are true EXCEPT:
A)T cells specific for tumor antigens can be found in many human tumor patients.
B)Antibodies specific for tumor antigens can be found in many human tumor patients.
C)The presence of lymphocytic infiltrates in certain tumors is associated with a better prognosis than lymphocyte-poor tumors of the same histologic type.
D)Immunodeficient individuals are more likely to develop the most common forms of cancer than are immunocompetent individuals.
E)The host immune response is usually incapable of eradicating tumors once they are established.
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12
Chapter 12: Hypersensitivity
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14 Verified Questions
14 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which of the following statements about immune complex-mediated diseases is NOT true?
A)Immune complexes may contain antibodies bound to either self or foreign antigens.
B)Immune complex-mediated diseases generally show systemic manifestations.
C)Pathologic features of immune complex diseases are determined by the cellular source of the antigen.
D)Small complexes are deposited in vessels more than large complexes,which are usually efficiently phagocytoseD.
E)Complexes containing cationic antigens are more likely to produce severe,long-lasting injury by depositing in blood vessels and renal glomeruli.
Q2) Which of the following is a common cause of hypersensitivity diseases?
A)Failure of lymphocyte maturation
B)Treatment with corticosteroids
C)Disseminated cancer
D)Failure of self-tolerance
E)Malnutrition
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13
Chapter 13: Congenital and Acquired Immunodeficiencies
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18 Verified Questions
18 Flashcards
Source URL: https://quizplus.com/quiz/38642
Sample Questions
Q1) A 3-year-old boy is taken to the pediatrician because of a nosebleed (epistaxis).He has a history of severe,recurrent sinopulmonary infection.Physical examination is remarkable for dry,red patches of skin (eczema)and multiple petechiae (tiny hemorrhagic spots).Laboratory findings include thrombocytopenia and reduced IgM levels.The boy's maternal uncle died of bleeding complications after an emergency appendectomy.Which of the following represents a curative therapy currently available for this patient?
A)Passive immunization with gamma globulin
B)Bone marrow transplantation
C)Treatment with corticosteroids
D)Enzyme replacement
E)Gene therapy
Q2) All of the following may result in an acquired immunodeficiency EXCEPT:
A)Malnutrition
B)Treatment with corticosteroids
C)Disseminated cancer
D)Inherited defect in B cell maturation
E)Infection with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)
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