Medical Imaging Science Review
Questions
Course Introduction
Medical Imaging Science explores the principles, technologies, and methodologies underlying the production and interpretation of images for medical diagnosis and treatment. The course covers the physics of major imaging modalities such as X-ray, computed tomography (CT), magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), ultrasound, and nuclear medicine. Students gain an understanding of image formation, reconstruction techniques, instrumentation, and safety considerations. The curriculum also addresses image analysis, quality assurance, and clinical applications, providing a multidisciplinary perspective that integrates concepts from physics, engineering, and computer science within the context of modern healthcare.
Recommended Textbook
Radiation Protection in Medical Radiography 8th Edition by Statkiewicz Sherer
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15 Chapters
366 Verified Questions
366 Flashcards
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Chapter 1: Introduction to Radiation Protection
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23 Verified Questions
23 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) In a hospital setting,which of the following professionals is expressly charged by the hospital administration with being directly responsible for the execution,enforcement,and maintenance of the ALARA program?
A)Assistant administrator of the facility
B)Chief of staff
C)Radiation Safety Officer
D)Student radiologic technologist
Answer: C
Q2) The cardinal principles of radiation protection include which of the following?
1)Time
2)Distance
3)Shielding
A)1 only
B)2 only
C)3 only
D)1,2,and 3
Answer: D
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Chapter 2: Radiation: Types, Sources, and Doses Received
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25 Verified Questions
25 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) What is the half-life of radon-220?
A)54.5 seconds
B)8 days
C)2 years
D)1622 years
Answer: A
Q2) Acute melting of the uranium dioxide fuel of a nuclear reactor core requires how great a temperature?
A)Less than 500° F
B)At least 1000° F
C)2000° F
D)Greater than 5000° F
Answer: D
Q3) Cosmic radiation occurs in which two forms?
A)Solar and manmade
B)Artificial and galactic
C)Natural background and artificial
D)Solar and galactic
Answer: D
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Page 4
Chapter 3: Interaction of X-Radiation With Matter
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Sample Questions
Q1) The probability of occurrence of photoelectric absorption _________ as the energy of the incident photon decreases and the atomic number of the irradiated atoms
A)increases markedly; decreases
B)decreases markedly; increases
C)increases markedly; increases
D)stays the same; increases
Answer: C
Q2) Which of the following results in all-directional scatter?
A)Classical interaction
B)Coherent interaction
C)Photoelectric interaction
D)Compton interaction
Answer: D
Q3) X-rays are carriers of A)disease.
B)electrons.
C)fluorescent properties that make them visible.
D)manmade electromagnetic energy.
Answer: D
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Chapter 4: Radiation Quantities and Units
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23 Verified Questions
23 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which of the following is essentially the sum total of air kerma over the exposed area of the patient's body surface?
A)Absorbed dose
B)Dose area product
C)Effective dose
D)Equivalent dose
Q2) Which of the following formulas is used to calculate effective dose?
1)EfD = (D × WR) + (D × WR) + (D × WR)
2)EfD = D × WR × WT
3)EfD = D ÷ WR × WT
A)1 only
B)2 only
C)3 only
D)1,2,and 3
Q3) Cataract formation,fibrosis,reduced fertility and sterility are classified as
A)early tissue reactions of ionizing radiation.
B)late tissue reactions of ionizing radiation.
C)hereditary effects of ionizing radiation.
D)stochastic effects of ionizing radiation.
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Page 6
Chapter 5: Radiation Monitoring
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Sample Questions
Q1) The front of the white paper packet of the optically stimulated luminescence (OSL)dosimeter
A)may be color coded to facilitate correct usage and placement of the dosimeter on the body of occupationally exposed personnel.
B)must not have any type of printing on it.
C)must be radiopaque.
D)must never be exposed to ionizing radiation.
Q2) Which of the following instruments is called a cutie pie?
A)Geiger-Muller survey meter
B)Ionization chamber-type survey meter
C)Optically stimulated luminescence dosimeter
D)Proportional counter
Q3) The optically stimulated luminescence (OSL)dosimeter is "read out" by using a (an) A)densitometer.
B)ionization chamber.
C)thermoluminescent analyzer.
D)laser light at selected frequencies.
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Chapter 6: Overview of Cell Biology
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which of the following are major tasks of the cytoplasm?
1)Accepts and builds up unrefined materials and assembles from these materials new substances such as carbohydrates,lipids,and proteins.
2)Breaks down organic materials to produce energy.
3)Packages substances for distribution to other areas of the cell or to various sites in the body through the circulation.
4)Eliminates waste products.
A)1,2,and 3 only
B)1,3,and 4 only
C)2,3,and 4 only
D)1,2,3,and 4
Q2) Cytosine bonds only with A)adenine. B)guanine. C)nitrogen. D)thymine.
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Chapter 7: Molecular and Cellular Radiation Biology
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which of the following humans is most radiosensitive?
A)A mature adult
B)An embryo-fetus during the first trimester of pregnancy
C)A fetus during the third trimester of gestation
D)A 5-year-old child
Q2) Because the master molecule is unique in any given cell,no similar molecules in the cell are available to replace it; if a critical location on the master molecule is a target receiving multiple hits from ionizing radiation,the master molecule may be inactivated.If this occurs,what is the consequence for the affected cell?
A)Loss of all intracellular fluid
B)Increased pressure on the cell membrane leading to immediate rupture
C)Disruption of cell chemistry only
D)Normal cell function will cease,and the cell will die.
Q3) One micron (mm)= __________.
A)10<sup>-6</sup> m
B)10<sup>+6</sup> m
C)10<sup>-3</sup> m
D)10<sup>+3</sup> m
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Chapter 8: Early Tissue Reactions and Their Effects on Organ Systems
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Sample Questions
Q1) If a person receives radiation exposure sufficient to cause the gastrointestinal syndrome,fatality occurs primarily because of A)convulsive seizures.
B)catastrophic damage to the epithelial cells that line the gastrointestinal track,resulting in the death of the exposed person within 3 to 5 days from a combination of infection,fluid loss,and electrolytic imbalance.
C)edema in the cranial vault.
D)meningitis.
Q2) The correct order of development of the male germ cell from the stem cell phase to the mature cell is
A)spermatogonia,spermatocyte,spermatid,sperm.
B)spermatocyte,spermatogonia,spermatid,sperm.
C)spermatid,spermatogonia,spermatocyte,sperm.
D)sperm,spermatid,spermatogonia,spermatocyte.
Q3) Atrophy refers to
A)aging of the skin from radiation exposure.
B)shrinkage of organs and tissues after a high radiation dose is received.
C)necrosis of the hypodermis from radiation exposure.
D)wrinkling of the skin from radiation exposure.
Page 10
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Chapter 9: Stochastic Effects and Late Tissue Reactions of Radiation in Organ Systems
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Sample Questions
Q1) The human body can incorporate radium into bone because it is chemically similar to
A)calcium.
B)potassium.
C)phosphorus.
D)sodium.
Q2) Studies showed that postpartum patients treated with ionizing radiation for relief of mastitis are a group of individuals in whom the results of radiation exposure to healthy breast tissue via scattered radiation indicate that radiation
A)can cause breast cancer.
B)cannot cause breast cancer.
C)can cause breast enlargement.
D)can cause breast shrinkage.
Q3) Radium decays with a half-life of A)8 days.
B)50 years.
C)500 years.
D)1622 years.
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Chapter 10: Dose Limits for Exposure to Ionizing Radiation
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Sample Questions
Q1) Revised concepts of radiation exposure and risk have brought about more recent changes in NCRP recommendations for limits on exposure to ionizing radiation.Because many conflicting views exist on assessing the risk of cancer induction from low-level radiation exposure,the trend has been to
A)create more rigorous radiation protection standards.
B)reduce rigorous radiation protection standards.
C)eliminate radiation protection standards.
D)leave radiation protection standards the same as they have been for the last 20 years.
Q2) The cumulative effective dose (CumEfD)limit does not include
1)exposure acquired as a consequence of a radiation worker undergoing medical imaging procedures.
2)radiation exposure from natural background radiation.
3)radiation exposure received while radiographers perform imaging procedures on patients.
A)1 and 2 only
B)1 and 3 only
C)2 and 3 only
D)1,2,and 3
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12
Chapter 11: Equipment Design for Radiation Protection
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Sample Questions
Q1) The protective tube housing serves as a shield against _____________________ entering the x-ray tube,thereby preventing electric shock while also facilitating cooling of the x-ray tube.
A)the high voltage
B)the low voltage
C)lose inherent filter particles
D)collimator components
Q2) In digital radiography the number of different shades of gray that can be stored in memory and displayed on a computer monitor is termed A)contrast matrix.
B)grayscale.
C)shadows.
D)pixels.
Q3) Luminance is determined by measuring the concentration of light
A)at only one particular point on the field of view.
B)over a particular field of view.
C)at only one particular point on the field of view and then squaring the number.
D)over a particular field of view and then squaring the number.
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13
Chapter 12: Management of Patient Radiation Dose During Diagnostic X-Ray Procedures
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which of the following must always be the first step in protection of the reproductive organs?
A)Adequate and precise collimation of the radiographic beam to include only the anatomy of interest
B)Use of gonadal shielding
C)Use of a mobile protective shielding device
D)Use of digital imaging equipment
Q2) Reducing the field size to the anatomic features of interest not only reduces patient exposure,but also
A)increases recorded image quality by decreasing scatter.
B)decreases recorded image quality by increasing scatter.
C)increases recorded image quality by increasing scatter.
D)decreases recorded image quality by decreasing scatter.
Q3) Essentially all diagnostic medical procedures result in fetal exposures
A)greater than 5 Gy,the risk of abnormality is large.
B)greater than 1 Gy,the risk of abnormality is large.
C)of less than 0.5 Gy but greater than 0.01 Gy,the risk of abnormality is small.
D)of less than 0.01 Gy,the risk of abnormality is very small.
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Chapter 13: Special Considerations on Safety in Computed
Tomography and Mammography
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Sample Questions
Q1) Tube current modulation in CT scanning can
A)increase patient dose significantly.
B)increase patient dose only slightly.
C)help to reduce patient dose.
D)not affect patient dose.
Q2) In computed tomography the dose at the edge of a beam does not decrease to _________ immediately.
A)15 cGy
B)10 cGy
C)5 cGy
D)0 (zero)
Q3) In CT because of higher effective energy of the x-ray beam,both ____________ and _______________ interactions contribute substantially to the image.
A)coherent; photodisintegration
B)classical; pair production
C)photoelectric; Compton
D)Compton; photodisintegration
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Page 15
Chapter 14: Management of Imaging Personnel Radiation
Dose During X-Ray Procedures
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Sample Questions
Q1) If the peak energy of the x-ray beam is 100 kVp,a protective lead apron must be the equivalent to at least which of the following measures?
A)0.25-mm thickness of lead
B)0.5-mm thickness of lead
C)1.0-mm thickness of lead
D)1.5-mm thickness of lead
Q2) Which of the following x-ray procedures increases the radiographer's risk of exposure to ionizing radiation compared to radiography?
1)Mobile C-arm fluoroscopy
2)Interventional procedures that use high level control fluoroscopy
3)Mobile radiographic examinations
A)1 and 2 only
B)1 and 3 only
C)2 and 3 only
D)1,2,and 3
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Chapter 15: Radioisotopes and Radiation Protection
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20 Verified Questions
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Sample Questions
Q1) The actual long-term health effects of a "dirty bomb" are likely to be
A)catastrophic.
B)maximal.
C)minimal.
D)nonexistent.
Q2) Therapeutic radioisotopes are characterized by
A)very short half-lives.
B)half-lives that are exactly the same.
C)relatively long half-lives.
D)half-lives that remain constant for all eternity.
Q3) The National Library of Medicine and the National Institute of Health maintain a website that contains a wealth of information on dealing with radiation emergencies.It contains which of the following?
1)Both basic and advanced methods for decontamination
2)Methods to reduce exposure
3)Specific medical emergency procedures for various situations
A)1 and 2 only
B)1 and 3 only
C)2 and 3 only
D)1,2,and 3
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