Medical Histology Test
Questions
Course Introduction
Medical Histology is a foundational course that explores the microscopic structure of cells, tissues, and organs in the human body. It provides an in-depth understanding of tissue architecture and the relationship between structure and function, utilizing both classical and modern microscopic techniques. Through the study of stained tissue sections, students learn to identify normal histological features and recognize pathological changes associated with various diseases. This course is essential for understanding the basis of clinical medicine, bridging the gap between basic biomedical sciences and clinical practice.
Recommended Textbook
Histology and Cell Biology An Introduction to Pathology 3rd Edition by Abraham L Kierszenbaum
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23 Chapters
246 Verified Questions
246 Flashcards
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Page 2
Chapter 1: Epithelium
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18 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Maintaining actin filament length occurs through a process called treadmilling. Which of the following proteins severs actin filaments and then caps the severed end, preventing further polymerization?
A) Cofilin
B) Gelsolin
C) Phalloidin
D) Profilin
E) Thymosin
Answer: B
Q2) Which of the following are important components of axonemes?
A) Actin
B) Intermediate filaments
C) Microfilaments
D) Microtubules
E) Myosin
Answer: D
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3
Chapter 2: Epithelial Glands
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6 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which organelle is responsible for degrading proteins?
A) Golgi apparatus
B) Lysosome
C) Mitochondrion
D) Rough endoplasmic reticulum
E) Smooth endoplasmic reticulum
Answer: B
Q2) Exocrine glands are derived from
A) Connective tissue
B) Endocrine glands
C) Epithelial tissue
D) Muscle tissue
E) Nervous tissue
Answer: C
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Chapter 3: Cell Signaling
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Sample Questions
Q1) A secreted chemical messenger meant to act on an adjacent cell is called a(n)
A) Autocrine
B) Hormone
C) Neurohormone
D) Neurotransmitter
E) Paracrine
Answer: E
Q2) Which of the following is most likely to initiate apoptosis?
A) Apaf-1
B) Bcl-2
C) Caspase 3
D) Caspase 9
E) DNA protein kinase
Answer: D
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Page 5
Chapter 4: Connective Tissue
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Sample Questions
Q1) Identify the INCORRECT statement
A) Connective tissue cells such as fibroblasts are the dominant tissue component in dense connective tissues.
B) Glycosaminoglycans are a dominant component of connective tissue ground substance
C) The generation of heat by the oxidation of fatty acids is a special feature of brown adipose tissue.
D) The highly viscous character of connective tissue ground substance is largely due to the proteoglycans
E) Type I and type V collagen fibers can be found in dense regular connective tissue and bone
Q2) Connective tissue cells responsible for synthesizing connective tissue proper matrix are
A) Chondroblasts
B) Fibroblasts
C) Mast cells
D) Mesenchymal cells
E) Osteoblasts
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Chapter 5: Osteogenesis
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Sample Questions
Q1) During the lengthening of long bones, the zone in which cartilage cells undergo cell division and become organized into rows of isogenous cells is the
A) Calcification zone
B) Hypertrophic zone
C) Proliferative zone
D) Reserve zone
E) Vascular invasion zone
Q2) When the epiphyseal plate is replaced by bone
A) Appositional bone growth begins
B) Interstitial bone growth begins
C) Long bones have reached their adult length
D) Puberty begins
E) The bone becomes more brittle
Q3) Parathyroid hormone
A) Decreases calcium levels in the blood
B) Increases calcium excretion in the kidneys
C) Inhibits osteoclast activity
D) Is released by the thyroid gland
E) Stimulates osteoclast activity
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Chapter 6: Blood and Hematopoiesis
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14 Verified Questions
14 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) One major protein of plasma that is involved in blood clotting is
A) Albumin
B) Fibrinogen
C) Globulin
D) Immunoglobulin
E) Spectrin
Q2) Which of the following cell types are phagocytic and are involved in the earliest phases of an inflammatory reaction?
A) B Lymphocytes
B) Basophils
C) Monocytes
D) Neutrophils
E) Platelets
Q3) Which cell type synthesizes and releases antibodies?
A) Basophil
B) B-lymphocyte
C) Eosinophil
D) Monocyte
E) T-lymphocyte
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Page 8
Chapter 7: Muscle Tissue
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which of the following is NOT a structural component of a triad?
A) Myofibril
B) Sarcolemma
C) Sarcoplasmic reticulum
D) Terminal cisterna
E) Transverse tubule
Q2) Connective tissue that surrounds individual muscle cells is called the _____.
A) Endomysium
B) Epimysium
C) Perimysium
D) Sarcolemma
E) Sarcoplasmic reticulum
Q3) The degree of tension and force in a muscle contraction is monitored by
A) Golgi tendon organs
B) Motor neurons
C) Muscle spindles
D) Nuclear bag fibers
E) Terminal cisternae
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9
Chapter 8: Nervous Tissue
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Sample Questions
Q1) Sensory information is conducted toward the spinal cord via A) Bipolar neurons
B) Multipolar neurons
C) Pseudounipolar neurons
D) Purkinje cells
E) Pyramidal cells
Q2) Cell bodies of which of the following type of neuron are found in dorsal root ganglia?
A) Central nervous system
B) Parasympathetic nervous system
C) Sensory
D) Somatic motor
E) Sympathetic
Q3) Neurotransmitters synthesized in the soma of a neuron reach the synaptic cleft via A) Action potentials
B) Anterograde axonal transport
C) Graded potentials
D) Retrograde axonal transport
E) Synaptic activity
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10
Chapter 9: Sensory Organs: Vision and Hearing
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Sample Questions
Q1) Most of the aqueous humor produced by the ciliary body drains into the
A) Aqueous veins
B) Canal of Schlemm
C) External collecting channel
D) Scleral plexus
E) Trabecular meshwork
Q2) The photoreceptor neurons of the retina synapse on ____
A) Amacrine cells
B) Bipolar cells
C) Ganglion cells
D) Horizontal cells
E) Müller cells
Q3) Which of the following components prevents the aqueous humor from infiltrating the cornea?
A) Bowman's layer
B) Corneal endothelium
C) Corneal epithelium
D) Descemet's membrane
E) Stroma
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11
Chapter 10: Immune-Lymphatic System
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Sample Questions
Q1) Helper T cells
A) Activate B cells to produce specific antibodies
B) Differentiate into cytotoxic T cells upon re-exposure to a known pathogen
C) Help T cells recognize antigens as nonself
D) Recognize and kill viral cells by secreting perforin
E) Secrete interferon upon contact with a virus
Q2) Macromolecules that induce the immune system to make certain responses are called
A) Antibodies
B) Antigens
C) Complement
D) Cytokines
E) Interferons
Q3) The humoral immune response is carried out by
A) B lymphocytes
B) Erythrocytes
C) Neutrophils
D) T lymphocytes
E) Thrombocytes
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Page 12
Chapter 11: Integumentary System
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Sample Questions
Q1) These merocrine simple coiled tubular glands are found all over the body
A) Apocrine sweat glands
B) Ceruminous glands
C) Eccrine sweat glands
D) Sebaceous follicles
E) Sebaceous glands
Q2) Which of the following is NOT true of the hypodermis?
A) It contains muscles in the head and neck
B) It helps to insulate and cushion underlying tissue
C) It is considered to be the third layer of the skin
D) It is made up primarily of adipose and areolar tissue
E) It secures the cutaneous membrane to underlying tissue
Q3) These cells are responsible for producing a pigment that protects underlying tissue from ultraviolet radiation
A) Basal (satellite) cells
B) Keratinocytes
C) Langerhans cells
D) Melanocytes
E) Merkel cells
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Page 13
Chapter 12: Cardiovascular System
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12 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Pericytes are found in association with
A) Arterioles
B) Capillaries
C) Elastic arteries
D) Muscular arteries
E) Veins
Q2) ____ capillaries, found in the pancreas, are highly porous and allow high volumes of fluids to pass through them, whereas ____ capillaries, found in the muscles, consist of more tightly joined cells that allow a high degree of selective materials to pass through them.
A) Continuous, fenestrated
B) Fenestrated, continuous
C) Fenestrated, sinusoidal
D) Sinusoidal, continuous
E) Sinusoidal, fenestrated
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14
Chapter 13: Respiratory System
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11 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which of the following cells in the olfactory epithelium are structurally bipolar neurons?
A) Basal cells
B) Bowman's cells
C) Columnar cells
D) Olfactory cells
E) Sustentacular cells
Q2) Non-mucous secreting and non-ciliated dome-shaped cells with microvilli are found in the respiratory tract. These cells are detoxifying and secrete a component of surfactant. They are also capable of differentiation for tissue regeneration. Where are they located?
A) Alveoli
B) Bronchi
C) Bronchioles
D) Laryngopharynx
E) Trachea
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15
Chapter 14: Urinary System
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Sample Questions
Q1) Each renal corpuscle receives blood directly from which of the following vessels?
A) Afferent arteriole
B) Arcuate artery
C) Efferent arteriole
D) Interlobar artery
E) Interlobular artery
Q2) Following filtration, most water and solutes are reabsorbed in the
A) Bowman's capsule
B) Distal convoluted tubule
C) Glomerulus
D) Loop of Henle
E) Proximal convoluted tubule
Q3) Decreased salt concentration results in all of the following EXCEPT
A) Aldosterone secretion
B) Paracrine secretion from macula densa cells
C) Renin secretion from juxtaglomerular cells
D) Vasodilation
E) Water reabsorption in the distal tubule
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Chapter 15: Upper Digestive Segment
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15 Verified Questions
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Sample Questions
Q1) The secretion of which cell type is needed to begin the process of digesting proteins?
A) Chief cells
B) Gastroenteroendocrine cells
C) Mucous neck cells
D) Parietal cells
E) Stem cells
Q2) The outer surface of the tooth's root is covered by _____.
A) Cementum
B) Dentin
C) Enamel
D) Gingivae
E) Pulp
Q3) The muscularis externa of the ____ is partially striated and partially smooth.
A) Esophagus
B) Large intestine
C) Small intestine
D) Stomach
E) None of the above -- the entire alimentary canal is lined with smooth muscle
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Chapter 16: Lower Digestive Segment
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Sample Questions
Q1) Fat-filled pouches in the large intestinal adventitia are called
A) Appendices epiploicae
B) Peyer's patches
C) Plicae circulares
D) Rugae
E) Taeniae coli
Q2) Which of the following is not true of the crypts of Lieberkühn?
A) Their bases may contain Paneth cells
B) They are found between the intestinal villi
C) They are intestinal glands
D) They are simple tubular glands
E) They are unique to the small intestine
Q3) Where are electrolytes actively absorbed, and where is water passively absorbed?
A) Duodenum
B) Ileum
C) Jejunum
D) Large intestine
E) Stomach
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18
Chapter 17: Digestive Glands
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Sample Questions
Q1) Portal triads of the liver
A) Are found at the corners of the classic lobules
B) Drain bile from the lobules
C) Drain deoxygenated blood from the liver parenchyma
D) Supply deoxygenated blood from the hepatic portal system
E) Supply oxygenated blood to the parenchyma of the liver
Q2) Digestive enzymes such as trypsin and cholesterol esterase are secreted by the
A) Cardiac glands
B) Islets of Langerhans
C) Liver
D) Pancreatic secretory acini
E) Principal ("true") gastric glands
Q3) Bile moves from the ducts lined with cuboidal epithelium into the ____ duct.
A) Common bile
B) Cystic
C) Duodenal
D) Hepatic
E) Interlobular
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19
Chapter 18: Neuroendocrine System
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Sample Questions
Q1) The hormone that stimulates insulin-like growth factor-1 production in the hepatocytes is secreted by
A) Acidophils
B) Basophils
C) Chromophobe cells
D) Herring bodies
E) Pituicytes
Q2) Prolactin secretion is _____ by _____.
A) Inhibited dopamine
B) Inhibited somatostatin
C) Stimulated dopamine
D) Stimulated growth hormone-releasing hormone
E) Stimulated nerve impulse from the hypothalamus
Q3) The anterior pituitary
A) Has a blood-brain barrier generated by pituicytes
B) Is composed of basophils, acidophils, and chromophobe cells
C) Is made up of the pars nervosa and the infundibulum
D) Receives blood from the inferior hypophyseal artery
E) Secretes hormones when directed to do so by a nervous signal from the hypothalamus
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Chapter 19: Endocrine System
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Sample Questions
Q1) The zona reticularis of the adrenal cortex produces
A) Androgens
B) Corticoids
C) Glucocorticoids
D) Mineralocorticoids
E) Steroids
Q2) Sodium and water retention in the kidney is stimulated by a hormone secreted by
A) Chromaffin cells
B) Islets of Langerhans
C) Zona fasciculata
D) Zona glomerulosa
E) Zona reticularis
Q3) What happens immediately after insulin binds to the -subunit of the insulin receptor?
A) It activates the adjacent tyrosine kinase ( -subunit)
B) It increases glucose uptake by the cell
C) It stimulates glucagon secretion by the cells
D) It stimulates the synthesis of GLUT-4 (glucose transporter-4)
E) It transports the GLUT-4 protein to the cell membrane
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Chapter 20: Spermatogenesis
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Sample Questions
Q1) Meiosis II occurs in the
A) Primary spermatocyte
B) Secondary spermatocyte
C) Spermatid
D) Spermatogonia
E) Spermatozoa
Q2) The substage of prophase of meiosis I in which synapsis begins is the _____ substage.
A) Diakinesis
B) Diplotene
C) Leptotene
D) Pachytene
E) Zygotene
Q3) During which phase of spermiogenesis does the manchette develop?
A) Acrosomal phase
B) Cap phase
C) Golgi phase
D) Maturation phase
E) Spermatid rotation phase
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Page 22
Chapter 21: Sperm Transport and Maturation
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Sample Questions
Q1) What structure contributes a lubricating mucus substance to semen?
A) Bulbourethral gland
B) Epididymidis
C) Prostate
D) Seminal vesicle
E) Testis
Q2) Numerous tubuloalveolar glands that secrete a motility-enhancing substance constitute the
A) Bulbourethral gland
B) Ductus epididymidis
C) Prostate gland
D) Seminal vesicle
E) Testis
Q3) Which duct has a characteristic wavy lumen as a result of different epithelial cell heights?
A) Ductuli efferentes
B) Ductus epididymidis
C) Rete testis
D) Seminiferous tubules
E) Tubuli recti
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Chapter 22: Follicle Development and the Menstrual Cycle
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Sample Questions
Q1) The layer of glycoproteins between the oocytes and granulosa cells is called the
A) Corona radiata
B) Cumulus oophorus
C) Macula pellucida
D) Theca folliculus
E) Zona pellucida
Q2) Developing follicles are found in the
A) Ovarian cortex
B) Ovarian medulla
C) Oviduct
D) Tunica albuginea
E) Uterus
Q3) Which of the following does not occur as a result of the luteinizing hormone surge?
A) Formation of the corpus luteum
B) Increased estrogen secretion
C) Ovulation
D) Secondary oocyte completes meiosis I
E) Secretion of proteolytic enzymes from the mature follicle
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24
Chapter 23: Fertilization, Placentation, and Lactation
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which part of the spermatozoa contains digestive enzymes that aid in fertilization?
A) Acrosome
B) Basal plate
C) End piece
D) Neck
E) Tail
Q2) Rapid cell division without organismal growth is called
A) Cleavage
B) Implantation
C) Meiosis
D) Mitosis
E) Oogenesis
Q3) What cells are found between the basement membrane and the epithelium of the lactiferous ducts?
A) Columnar cells
B) Cuboidal cells
C) Fat cells
D) Myoepithelial cells
E) Secretory cells
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Page 25