Medical Histology
Question Bank
Course Introduction
Medical Histology is the study of the microscopic structure of tissues and organs in the human body, providing foundational knowledge essential for understanding normal physiology and disease processes. This course covers the organization and function of cells, tissues, and organ systems, emphasizing the correlation between histological features and clinical relevance. Students learn to identify, analyze, and interpret histological slides using light microscopy, gaining practical skills critical for medical diagnostics and research. The course integrates theoretical knowledge with laboratory experience, preparing students for advanced studies in pathology, anatomy, and related biomedical fields.
Recommended Textbook
Histology and Cell Biology An Introduction to Pathology 3rd Edition by Abraham L Kierszenbaum
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23 Chapters
246 Verified Questions
246 Flashcards
Source URL: https://quizplus.com/study-set/1202 Page 2
Chapter 1: Epithelium
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18 Verified Questions
18 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Epithelia that play a protective function and line the esophagus are
A) Pseudostratified columnar
B) Simple columnar
C) Simple squamous
D) Stratified columnar
E) Stratified squamous
Answer: E
Q2) Maintaining actin filament length occurs through a process called treadmilling. Which of the following proteins severs actin filaments and then caps the severed end, preventing further polymerization?
A) Cofilin
B) Gelsolin
C) Phalloidin
D) Profilin
E) Thymosin
Answer: B
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3
Chapter 2: Epithelial Glands
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6 Verified Questions
6 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Exocrine glands are derived from
A) Connective tissue
B) Endocrine glands
C) Epithelial tissue
D) Muscle tissue
E) Nervous tissue
Answer: C
Q2) Which phrase does NOT describe one of the functions of proteins of the plasma membrane?
A) Acting as a receptor for substances external to the cell
B) Binding to a substance to carry it through the membrane
C) Forming a channel through the membrane
D) Increasing the rate of a chemical reaction
E) Initiating the replication of the genetic material
Answer: E
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4
Chapter 3: Cell Signaling
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6 Verified Questions
6 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which of the following is most likely to initiate apoptosis?
A) Apaf-1
B) Bcl-2
C) Caspase 3
D) Caspase 9
E) DNA protein kinase
Answer: D
Q2) A secreted chemical messenger meant to act on an adjacent cell is called a(n)
A) Autocrine
B) Hormone
C) Neurohormone
D) Neurotransmitter
E) Paracrine
Answer: E
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Page 5
Chapter 4: Connective Tissue
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23 Verified Questions
23 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which of the following is NOT true regarding the osteon in compact bone?
A) It is composed of concentric lamellae of mineralized material
B) Osteocytes are interconnected by radial canaliculi
C) The central component is the haversian canal that contains blood vessels and nerves
D) The primary cell type within the mineralized bone of the osteon is the osteoclast
E) Volkmann's canals run perpendicular to the diaphysis of the bone
Q2) Which type of cartilage is found in the respiratory tract and the nose?
A) Elastic cartilage
B) Fibrocartilage
C) Hyaline cartilage
D) Osteocartilage
E) Pericartilage
Q3) Connective tissue called _____ lines the _____ cavity of long bones
A) Endosteum epiphyseal
B) Endosteum medullary
C) Perichondrium medullary
D) Periosteum diaphyseal
E) Periosteum medullary
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6
Chapter 5: Osteogenesis
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10 Verified Questions
10 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) When the epiphyseal plate is replaced by bone
A) Appositional bone growth begins
B) Interstitial bone growth begins
C) Long bones have reached their adult length
D) Puberty begins
E) The bone becomes more brittle
Q2) The hormone calcitonin functions to
A) Decrease the rate of calcium absorption
B) Decrease the rate of calcium excretion
C) Increase the level of calcium ion in the blood
D) Stimulate both osteoblast and osteoclast activity
E) Stimulate osteoclast activity
Q3) Parathyroid hormone
A) Decreases calcium levels in the blood
B) Increases calcium excretion in the kidneys
C) Inhibits osteoclast activity
D) Is released by the thyroid gland
E) Stimulates osteoclast activity
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Chapter 6: Blood and Hematopoiesis
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14 Verified Questions
14 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) During homing and inflammation, _____ occurs following rolling and attachment
A) Adhesion
B) Macrophage activation
C) Migration of T-cells
D) Selectin expression
E) Tumor necrosis factor - secretion
Q2) What is the primary function of red blood cells?
A) Clotting
B) Hemopoiesis
C) Inflammatory response
D) Oxygen and carbon dioxide transport
E) Phagocytosis
Q3) Erythropoietin
A) Blocks the production of red blood cells
B) Inhibits blood clotting
C) Is a hormone released by the pituitary gland
D) Stimulates red blood cell destruction in the spleen
E) Stimulates red blood cell production in the bone marrow
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8
Chapter 7: Muscle Tissue
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9 Verified Questions
9 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which of the following is NOT a structural component of a triad?
A) Myofibril
B) Sarcolemma
C) Sarcoplasmic reticulum
D) Terminal cisterna
E) Transverse tubule
Q2) The H-zone of a sarcomere contains which of the following proteins?
A) Myosin only
B) Actin only
C) Troponin and tropomyosin
D) B and C only
E) All of the above
Q3) Connective tissue that surrounds individual muscle cells is called the _____.
A) Endomysium
B) Epimysium
C) Perimysium
D) Sarcolemma
E) Sarcoplasmic reticulum
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9
Chapter 8: Nervous Tissue
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9 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Neurotransmitters synthesized in the soma of a neuron reach the synaptic cleft via A) Action potentials
B) Anterograde axonal transport
C) Graded potentials
D) Retrograde axonal transport
E) Synaptic activity
Q2) Which of the following neuroglial cells is phagocytic?
A) Astrocytes
B) Ependymal cells
C) Oligodendrocytes
D) Microglial cells
E) Satellite cells
Q3) Sensory information is conducted toward the spinal cord via A) Bipolar neurons
B) Multipolar neurons
C) Pseudounipolar neurons
D) Purkinje cells
E) Pyramidal cells
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10
Chapter 9: Sensory Organs: Vision and Hearing
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10 Verified Questions
10 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) The muscle responsible for accommodation is found in the
A) Cornea
B) Inner tunica
C) Retina
D) Sclera
E) Uvea
Q2) When auditory vibrations enter the cochlear duct, the _____ membrane remains stationary, resulting in a shearing action of the vibrating hair cells, leading to the stimulation of the cochlear nerve
A) Basilar
B) Reissner's
C) Sacular
D) Tectorial
E) Tympanic
Q3) The photoreceptor neurons of the retina synapse on ____
A) Amacrine cells
B) Bipolar cells
C) Ganglion cells
D) Horizontal cells
E) Müller cells
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Chapter 10: Immune-Lymphatic System
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8 Verified Questions
8 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Macromolecules that induce the immune system to make certain responses are called
A) Antibodies
B) Antigens
C) Complement
D) Cytokines
E) Interferons
Q2) Helper T cells
A) Activate B cells to produce specific antibodies
B) Differentiate into cytotoxic T cells upon re-exposure to a known pathogen
C) Help T cells recognize antigens as nonself
D) Recognize and kill viral cells by secreting perforin
E) Secrete interferon upon contact with a virus
Q3) The humoral immune response is carried out by
A) B lymphocytes
B) Erythrocytes
C) Neutrophils
D) T lymphocytes
E) Thrombocytes
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Page 12
Chapter 11: Integumentary System
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11 Verified Questions
11 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Langerhans cells
A) Are located in the stratum basale of the epidermis
B) Are mechanoreceptor cells
C) Can be found within a cornified cell envelope
D) Have granules in their cytoplasm
E) Present antigens to T cells as part of the immune response
Q2) Which of the following is NOT true of the hypodermis?
A) It contains muscles in the head and neck
B) It helps to insulate and cushion underlying tissue
C) It is considered to be the third layer of the skin
D) It is made up primarily of adipose and areolar tissue
E) It secures the cutaneous membrane to underlying tissue
Q3) Nail production occurs at the nail _____.
A) Bed
B) Body
C) Eponychium
D) Hyponychium
E) Matrix
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13
Chapter 12: Cardiovascular System
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12 Verified Questions
12 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Pericytes are found in association with
A) Arterioles
B) Capillaries
C) Elastic arteries
D) Muscular arteries
E) Veins
Q2) Which of the following is not a component of the tunica intima of a muscular artery?
A) Internal elastic lamina
B) Simple squamous epithelia
C) Smooth muscle
D) Subendothelial connective tissue
E) All of the above compose the muscular artery tunica intima
Q3) The tunica media
A) Contains collagen and elastic fibers
B) Directly surrounds the lumen of the blood vessel
C) Includes the external elastic lamina
D) Is composed of simple squamous epithelia
E) Is not found in venules, arterioles, or capillaries
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14
Chapter 13: Respiratory System
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Sample Questions
Q1) Among other cells, goblet cells and cells of Kulchitsky are located in which structure?
A) Alveoli
B) Bronchioles
C) Larynx
D) Nasopharynx
E) Trachea
Q2) Which respiratory structure constitutes the last part of the conducting zone?
A) Alveolar ducts
B) Primary bronchi
C) Respiratory bronchioles
D) Secondary bronchi
E) Terminal bronchioles
Q3) _____ are bony projections that result in folds in the lateral parts of the nasal cavity, causing airflow turbulence.
A) Conchae
B) Meati
C) Nares
D) Septa
E) Vibrissae
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Page 15
Chapter 14: Urinary System
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14 Verified Questions
14 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) All of the following statements about the distal thick segment of the renal tubule are true EXCEPT
A) It does not have a brush border
B) It empties into the collecting duct
C) It excretes sodium ions and absorbs potassium ions
D) It has a larger diameter than the loop of Henle
E) It is impermeable to water outside the presence of ADH (antidiuretic hormone)
Q2) After walking through the desert
A) Additional water is reabsorbed in the distal thick segment and collecting duct
B) Aldosterone increases the amount of water that moves through the renal tubule
C) Osmotic pressure in the renal tubule decreases
D) Urine is relatively dilute
E) Water is actively transported in the proximal thick segment
Q3) The loop of Henle
A) Comprises the macula densa
B) Descends into the renal medulla
C) Is lined by cuboidal or columnar epithelium
D) Is the longest section of the renal tubule
E) Is where glomerular filtrate is produced
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Page 16
Chapter 15: Upper Digestive Segment
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15 Verified Questions
15 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which of the following are not mucosal specializations that increase absorptive surface area?
A) Enterocytes
B) Microvilli
C) Plicae circularis
D) Rugae
E) Villi
Q2) Meissner's plexus is located in which layer of the alimentary canal?
A) Epithelium
B) Lamina propria
C) Muscularis externa
D) Muscularis mucosa
E) Submucosa
Q3) What cell type is most likely to be stimulated following G-cell secretion?
A) Chief cells
B) Mucous neck cells
C) Parietal cells
D) Stem cells
E) None - G-cells secrete an inhibitory substance
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Chapter 16: Lower Digestive Segment
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9 Verified Questions
9 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Where are electrolytes actively absorbed, and where is water passively absorbed?
A) Duodenum
B) Ileum
C) Jejunum
D) Large intestine
E) Stomach
Q2) Which of the following is characteristic of the ileum but not of the duodenum or jejunum?
A) Brunner's glands
B) Leaf-shaped villi
C) Glandless submucosa
D) Paneth cells
E) Peyer's patches
Q3) Which of the following are not mucosal specializations of the small intestine?
A) Peyer's patches
B) Villi
C) Plicae circulares
D) Microvilli
E) Rugae
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Page 18
Chapter 17: Digestive Glands
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13 Verified Questions
13 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Sublingual glands
A) Are the largest salivary glands
B) Contain protein-rich granules
C) Contain serous but not mucous cells
D) Have a well-defined capsule
E) Have poorly developed intercalated ducts
Q2) Portal triads are made up of vessels carrying all of the following EXCEPT
A) Bile away from the liver cells
B) Deoxygenated blood away from the liver cells
C) Deoxygenated blood to the liver cells
D) Nutrient-rich blood to the liver cells
E) Oxygenated blood to the liver cells
Q3) Portal triads of the liver
A) Are found at the corners of the classic lobules
B) Drain bile from the lobules
C) Drain deoxygenated blood from the liver parenchyma
D) Supply deoxygenated blood from the hepatic portal system
E) Supply oxygenated blood to the parenchyma of the liver
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19
Chapter 18: Neuroendocrine System
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7 Verified Questions
7 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Melatonin
A) Is secreted by the neurohypophysis
B) Is secreted immediately following synthesis by acidophils
C) Is transported along pinealocyte axons
D) Production is stimulated by sunlight
E) Stimulates growth hormone secretion
Q2) Which of the following statements about the neurohypophysis is not true?
A) Contains glial-like cells called pituicytes
B) It synthesizes, stores, and secretes antidiuretic hormone (ADH) and oxytocin
C) Its axons derive from the paraventricular and supraoptic nuclei
D) Secretion of its hormones is controlled by nerve impulses from the hypothalamus
E) The hypothalamohypophyseal tract runs through the infundibulum
Q3) The anterior pituitary
A) Has a blood-brain barrier generated by pituicytes
B) Is composed of basophils, acidophils, and chromophobe cells
C) Is made up of the pars nervosa and the infundibulum
D) Receives blood from the inferior hypophyseal artery
E) Secretes hormones when directed to do so by a nervous signal from the hypothalamus
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Page 20
Chapter 19: Endocrine System
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which of the following hormones is most likely to bind to a receptor inside the cell as opposed to a membrane receptor?
A) Aldosterone
B) Epinephrine
C) Melatonin
D) Parathyroid hormone
E) Vasopressin
Q2) Parafollicular cells
A) Are found in the parathyroid glands
B) Are found in the zona glomerulosa
C) Constitute the pars tuberalis
D) Secrete a hormone that lowers blood calcium levels
E) Secrete hormones responsible for establishing the basal metabolic rate
Q3) Which endocrine structure secretes epinephrine and norepinephrine?
A) Adenohypophysis
B) Adrenal cortex
C) Adrenal medulla
D) Neurohypophysis
E) Thyroid gland
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Page 21
Chapter 20: Spermatogenesis
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Sample Questions
Q1) Testosterone is secreted by
A) Leydig cells
B) Principal cells
C) Sertoli cells
D) Spermatogenic cells
E) Spermatogonia
Q2) Diploid spermatogenic cells in direct contact with the basal lamina are
A) Sertoli cells
B) Spermatocytes
C) Spermatogenic cells
D) Spermatogonia
E) Spermatozoa
Q3) Spermatogenic cells and Sertoli cells are found in the A) Epididymides
B) Prostate
C) Rete testes
D) Seminiferous tubules
E) Vas deferens
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22
Chapter 21: Sperm Transport and Maturation
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which of the following structures secretes the largest component of seminal fluid?
A) Bulbourethral gland
B) Ductuli efferentes
C) Ductus epididymidis
D) Prostate gland
E) Seminal vesicle
Q2) Sperm are matured and stored in what structure?
A) Epididymidis
B) Prostate
C) Seminal vesicle
D) Testis
E) Vas deferens
Q3) Sperm move from the tubuli recti into the
A) Ductuli efferentes
B) Epididymidis
C) Rete testis
D) Seminiferous tubules
E) Vas deferens
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23
Chapter 22: Follicle Development and the Menstrual Cycle
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Sample Questions
Q1) The inner layer of the uterus is called the
A) Cervix
B) Endometrium
C) Germinal epithelium
D) Mesovarium
E) Myometrium
Q2) Which of the following statements about the corpus luteum is incorrect?
A) It degenerates into the corpus albicans approximately 14 days following fertilization
B) It forms following ovulation
C) It has increased vascularization
D) Its folded structure is formed by the collapsing of the follicular wall
E) The theca interna and granulosa cells accumulate lutein
Q3) The thick fibromuscular layer of the uterus is the
A) Cervix
B) Cortex
C) Endometrium
D) Myometrium
E) Tunica albuginea
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24
Chapter 23: Fertilization, Placentation, and Lactation
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Sample Questions
Q1) Where does fertilization usually occur?
A) Cervix
B) Ovary
C) Oviduct
D) Uterus
E) Vagina
Q2) Rapid cell division without organismal growth is called
A) Cleavage
B) Implantation
C) Meiosis
D) Mitosis
E) Oogenesis
Q3) Following fertilization and after about 3 days of cell division, the developing organism is considered a ____ as it moves along the uterine tube toward the uterus.
A) Blastula
B) Fetus
C) Gastrula
D) Morula
E) Zygote
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Page 25