Medical Embryology
Pre-Test Questions
Course Introduction
Medical Embryology is the study of the developmental processes that occur from the time of fertilization to the formation of a fully developed fetus. This course explores the molecular, cellular, and structural events underlying human development, with a strong emphasis on the chronological sequence and mechanisms of organ formation. Students will learn about critical periods in embryologic development, the clinical relevance of congenital anomalies, and the integration of embryological knowledge into medical practice. The course aims to equip students with a thorough understanding of normal and abnormal development, emphasizing the implications for diagnosis, prevention, and management of birth defects.
Recommended Textbook
Human Embryology and Developmental Biology 5th Edition by Bruce M. Carlson
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18 Chapters
301 Verified Questions
301 Flashcards
Source URL: https://quizplus.com/study-set/1308 Page 2
Chapter 1: Getting Ready for Pregnancy
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10 Verified Questions
10 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) An alkaline fluid secreted by the ________ helps to raise the pH of the upper vagina after insemination.
A)Testes
B)Ovaries
C)Prostate
D)Seminal vesicles
E)None of the above
Answer: D
Q2) In a court case,a company was sued because a pregnant woman was exposed to chemical vapors one day and subsequently gave birth to an infant with a cleft lip/palate.The embryo was said to have had a menstrual age of 10 weeks at the time of exposure.What was the fertilization age of the embryo?
A)6 weeks
B)8 weeks
C)10 weeks
D)12 weeks
E)14 weeks
Answer: B
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Chapter 2: Transport of Gametes and Fertilization
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19 Verified Questions
19 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which of the following are functions of the ZP3 protein?
A)Binding of sperm and stimulation of the cortical reaction
B)Stimulation of the fast block to polyspermy and the cortical reaction
C)Binding of sperm and stimulation of the acrosomal reaction
D)Stimulation of completion of the second meiotic division and the cortical reaction
E)Stimulation of capacitation and the release of acrosin from sperm
Answer: C
Q2) As part of the fast block to polyspermy,
A)The plasma membrane of the egg becomes rapidly depolarized
B)Within the first minute, a wave of Ca begins to pass through the egg from the site of sperm entry
C)The acrosome reaction is completed
D)Secretory products released from the cortical granules hydrolyze the ZP3 sperm receptors in the zona pellucida
E)The nucleus of the spermatozoon decondenses
Answer: A
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Chapter 3: Cleavage and Implantation
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Sample Questions
Q1) Cells of which of the following are totipotent (can form any part of the embryonic body)?
A)Inner cell mass
B)Cytotrophoblast
C)Amniotic ectoderm
D)Extraembryonic mesoderm
E)Yolk sac endoderm
Answer: A
Q2) Which of the following is not a function of the zona pellucida?
A)Preventing premature implantation
B)Containing specific sperm receptors
C)Keeping blastomeres of the embryo and its surrounding environment
D)Serving as a filter between the embryo and its surrounding environment
E)Aiding in the penetration of the endometrial epithelium
Answer: E
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5
Chapter 4: Molecular Basis for Embryonic Development
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9 Verified Questions
9 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which molecule is most heavily involved in the process of lateral inhibition?
A)Sonic hedgehog
B)Sox-9
C)Notch
D)Transforming growth factor-
E)None of the above
Q2) Which of the following families of transcription factors contain(s)a homeobox?
A)Lim
B)Pax
C)Msx
D)Dlx
E)All of the above
Q3) Which growth factor must be combined with cholesterol to be active?
A)Sonic hedgehog
B)Fibroblast growth factor-2
C)Transforming growth factor-
D)Bone morphogenetic protein-7
E)None of the above
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6
Chapter 5: Formation of Germ Layers and Early Derivatives
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16 Verified Questions
16 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) A key molecule in the determination of body asymmetry is ________________.
A)Retinoic acid
B)Notch
C)Nodal
D)Bone morphogenetic protein
E)None of the above
Q2) The major organizing center of the gastrulating embryo is the ___________.
A)Inner cell mass
B)Primitive streak
C)Primitive node
D)Oropharyngeal membrane
E)Paraxial mesoderm
Q3) In the early embryo,what molecule facilitates the migration of mesenchymal cells between the ectoderm and the endoderm?
A)Chondroitin sulfate
B)Hyaluronic acid
C)ZP
D)Interleukin-2
E)Oct-3
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Chapter 6: Establishment of the Basic Embryonic Body Plan
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28 Verified Questions
28 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) In the elongating spinal cord of the early embryo,which molecule stimulates neuronal differentiation?
A)Retinoic acid
B)Fibroblast growth factor-8
C)Lim-1
D)Cerberus
E)None of the above
Q2) The otic placode arises through an inductive message given off by the
A)Prosencephalon
B)Mesencephalon
C)Rhombencephalon
D)All of the above
E)None of the above
Q3) The "clock and wavefront" model refers to the formation of _________________.
A)Neural tube
B)Heart
C)Digestive tube
D)Somites
E)None of the above
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Chapter 7: Placenta and Extraembryonic Membranes
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Sample Questions
Q1) Blood vessels associated with which structure enter the fetal component of the placenta?
A)Allantois
B)Decidua basalis
C)Amnion
D)Yolk sac
E)Decidua parietalis
Q2) The chorion laeve is most closely associated with the _______________.
A)Decidua capsularis
B)Umbilical cord
C)Decidua parietalis
D)Placental villi
E)Yolk sac
Q3) A pregnant woman is found to have oligohydramnios.What anomaly is the fetus likely to have?
A)Anencephaly
B)Hydatidiform mole
C)Renal agenesis
D)Phocomelia
E)None of the above
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Chapter 8: Developmental Disorders: Causes, mechanisms, and Patterns
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11 Verified Questions
11 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Amniotic mesoderm is situated most closely to the _______________.
A)Amniotic cavity
B)Embryonic ectoderm
C)Extraembryonic coelom
D)Yolk sac endoderm
E)Cytotrophoblast
Q2) Anencephaly is associated with a deficiency of ____________ in the maternal diet.
A)Vitamin A
B)Folic acid
C)Iodine
D)Insulin
E)Cortisone
Q3) Which of the following pairs is correctly matched?
A)Unilateral renal agenesis - failure of migration
B)Tracheoesophageal fistula with esophageal atresia - failure of induction
C)Annular pancreas - failure of induction
D)Pelvic kidney - failure of migration
E)Duplication of ureter - failure of resorption
Page 10
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Chapter 9: Integumentary, skeletal, and Muscular Systems
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9 Verified Questions
9 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which molecular marker characterizes myoblasts migrating into the limb buds from the somites?
A)Hoxd-1
B)Pax-3
C)Sonic hedgehog
D)Hoxa-3
E)Transforming growth factor-
Q2) New nuclei are added to a growing muscle fiber by______________.
A)Mitotic division of existing myonuclei
B)Incorporation of neural crest cells
C)Fusion of two muscle fibers
D)Nonmitotic division of existing myonuclei
E)Incorporation of satellite cells
Q3) How many nuclei would you expect to find in a myoblast?
A)1
B)2
C)4
D)8
E)None of the above
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Page 11
Chapter 10: Limb Development
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which molecule is involved in fixation of the dorsoventral axis of the limb bud?
A)Sonic hedgehog
B)Wnt-7a
C)Fibroblast growth factor-2
D)Hoxd-13
E)Retinoic acid
Q2) The connective tissue of the limb arises from ______________.
A)Paraxial mesoderm
B)Intermediate mesoderm
C)Somatic mesoderm
D)Lateral mesoderm
E)Neural crest
Q3) ___________,produced by the apical ectodermal ridge,stimulates outgrowth of the limb bud.
A)Sonic hedgehog
B)Bone morphogenetic protein-7
C)Fibroblast growth factor-4
D)Wnt-7a
E)None of the above
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Page 12
Chapter 11: Nervous System
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15 Verified Questions
15 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Complete failure of the neural tube to close in the region of the spinal cord is termed
A)Spina bifida occulta
B)Meningocele
C)Cranioschisis
D)Rachischisis
E)Hydrocephalus
Q2) The floor plate of the spinal cord arises as the result of an induction by the
A)Notochord
B)Neural crest
C)Dorsal aorta
D)Dorsal part of somites
E)Overlying ectoderm
Q3) Growth cones adhere strongly to a substrate containing _______________.
A)Acetylcholine
B)Epinephrine
C)Norepinephrine
D)Laminin
E)Sonic hedgehog
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Chapter 12: Neural Crest
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14 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which is derived from cranial,but not trunk,neural crest?
A)Sensory ganglia
B)Wall of aorta
C)Schwann cells
D)Pigment cells
E)Parasympathetic ganglia
Q2) Neural crest from the trunk region contributes to all of the following structures except ______________________.
A)Sensory ganglia
B)Sympathetic ganglia
C)Melanocytes
D)Adrenal medulla
E)Cartilage
Q3) Which of the following might be associated with von Recklinghausen's disease?
A)Café au lait spots
B)Neurofibromas
C)Gigantism of the limb
D)All of the above
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14
Chapter 13: Sense Organs
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17 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) The otic placode is induced by the ______________.
A)Notochord
B)Second pharyngeal arch
C)Rhombencephalon
D)Primitive node
E)None of the above
Q2) The sensory hair cells of the inner ear originate from the _________________.
A)Pinna
B)Otic placode
C)Neural crest
D)Pharyngeal arch
E)Prosencephalon
Q3) Sensory placodes arise from the _____________.
A)Neural crest
B)Lateral plate mesoderm
C)Lateral ectoderm
D)Neural tube
E)None of the above
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15
Chapter 14: Head and Neck
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33 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) The earliest induction in tooth development consists of the ectoderm of the dental epithelium acting on the underlying neural crest mesenchyme.Which of the following molecules is an important mediator of the inductive stimulus?
A)Bone morphogenetic protein-4
B)Sonic hedgehog
C)Hoxb
D)Hoax
E)Pax-6
Q2) Dentin is secreted by cells derived from the ________________.
A)Ectoderm
B)Mesoderm
C)Endoderm
D)Neural crest
E)None of the above
Q3) What type of ectopic tissue is most likely to be found in the tongue?
A)Thyroid
B)Parathyroid
C)Anterior pituitary
D)Thymus
E)None of the above
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Chapter 15: Digestive and Respiratory Systems and Body
Cavities
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17 Verified Questions
17 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Meckel's diverticulum is most commonly located in the _____________.
A)Ileum
B)Ascending colon
C)Jejunum
D)Transverse colon
E)Duodenum
Q2) Ectopic gastric mucosa can be found in the _____________.
A)Tongue
B)Colon
C)Biliary tract
D)Meckel's diverticulum
E)All of the above
Q3) Which of the following associations is not correct?
A)Pyramidal lobe of thyroid - neural crest
B)Meckel's diverticulum - heterotopic pancreatic tissue
C)Hindgut - inferior mesenteric artery
D)Walls of second pharyngeal pouches - palatine tonsils
E)Agnathia - branchial arch I
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Chapter 16: Urogenital System
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29 Verified Questions
29 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) A Potter facies is characteristically seen in newborns with which condition?
A)Bilateral renal agenesis
B)Crossed ectopia of the kidneys
C)Tracheoesophageal fistula
D)Cryptorchidism
E)Meckel's diverticulum
Q2) The ureteric bud grows out from the mesonephric duct in response to ___________ secreted by the metanephrogenic blastema.
A)Pax-2
B)Hoxb-8
C)Sonic hedgehog
D)Glial cellline-derived neurotrophic factor
E)Fibroblast growth factor-2
Q3) The floor of the penile urethra in the male is homologous to what structure in the female?
A)Clitoris
B)Trigone of the bladder
C)Labia majora
D)Labia minora
E)Perineum
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Chapter 17: Cardiovascular System
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Sample Questions
Q1) In a 7-month fetus,blood draining the left temporalis muscle enters the heart via the
A)Left anterior cardinal vein
B)Coronary sinus
C)Left common cardinal vein
D)Superior vena cava
E)None of the above
Q2) Massive collateral circulatory channels are opened up in individuals having which anomaly?
A)Patent ductus arteriosus
B)Preductal coarctation of the aorta
C)Double aortic arch
D)Right aortic arch
E)Postductal coarctation of the aorta
Q3) Neural crest-derived cells constitute much of the ________________.
A)Ductus arteriosus
B)Interventricular septum
C)Interatrial septum
D)Truncoconal ridges
E)Conducting system of the heart
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Chapter 18: Fetal Period and Birth
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Sample Questions
Q1) Respiratory distress syndrome in premature infants is due to ______________.
A)Insufficient development of the pulmonary vasculature
B)Premature closure of the ductus arteriosus
C)Excessive production of pulmonary surfactant
D)Insufficient development of the diaphragm
E)None of the above
Q2) Three days after birth,an infant becomes cyanotic during a prolonged crying spell.The cyanosis is due to venous blood entering the systemic circulation through the
A)Interatrial septum
B)Ductus arteriosus
C)Ductus venosus
D)Umbilical vein
E)Interventricular septum
Q3) Parturition most commonly occurs _______ weeks after fertilization.
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