Medical Dosimetry
Final Test Solutions
Course Introduction
Medical Dosimetry covers the principles and practices involved in calculating and planning radiation doses for cancer treatment. The course explores the role of the medical dosimetrist in a multidisciplinary team, focusing on radiation physics, radiobiology, and treatment planning systems. Students learn to design safe and effective dose distributions, optimize treatment plans using imaging modalities such as CT and MRI, and apply techniques for patient setup and quality assurance. Emphasis is placed on accuracy, safety, and adherence to clinical protocols in the administration of therapeutic radiation, preparing graduates to work closely with oncologists and medical physicists in a clinical setting.
Recommended Textbook
Radiation Protection in Medical Radiography 7th Edition by Mary Sherer
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14 Chapters
339 Verified Questions
339 Flashcards
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Chapter 1: Introduction to Radiation Protection
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25 Verified Questions
25 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Typically,people are more willing to accept a risk if they perceive that the potential benefit to be obtained is:
A) greater than the risk involved.
B) equal to the risk involved.
C) less than the risk involved.
D) typically, people are not willing to accept risk no matter how great the benefit may be.
Answer: A
Q2) Some ways of providing education for imaging department staff are:
1)providing in-service education on various radiation safety topics to accommodate individual needs of staff members.
2)handing out a facts-to-remember sheet at the end of an in-service program.
3)e-mailing the most important topics covered in a staff in-service program to imaging staff members to help reinforce and retain vital information.
A) 1 only
B) 2 only
C) 3 only
D) 1, 2, and 3
Answer: D
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Chapter 2: Radiation: Types, Sources, and Doses Received
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25 Verified Questions
25 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Of the two sources of ionizing radiation listed below,which source remains fairly constant from year to year?
A) Human-made
B) Natural
Answer: B
Q2) Cosmic radiation occurs in which two forms?
A) Solar and manmade
B) Artificial and galactic
C) Natural background and artificial
D) Solar and galactic
Answer: D
Q3) According to the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA),radon levels in homes should not exceed what level?
A) 200 pCi/L
B) 135 pCi/L
C) 47 pCi/L
D) 4 pCi/L
Answer: D
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Chapter 3: Interaction of X-Radiation With Matter
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25 Verified Questions
25 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) The symbol Z indicates:
A) atomic number of an atom.
B) atomic weight of an atom.
C) fluorescent yield.
D) the number of vacancies in an atomic shell.
Answer: A
Q2) Radiographic density is:
A) caused by photodisintegration.
B) defined as the degree of overall blackening on a completed radiograph.
C) not affected by milliampere-seconds (mAs).
D) not relevant in the production of a diagnostic radiograph.
Answer: B
Q3) Which of the following particles is considered to be a form of antimatter?
A) Electron
B) Positron
C) X-ray photon
D) Scattered x-ray photon
Answer: B
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5
Chapter 4: Radiation Quantities and Units
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24 Verified Questions
24 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which of the following is essentially the sum total of air kerma over the exposed area of the patient's body surface?
A) Absorbed dose
B) Dose area product
C) Effective dose
D) Equivalent dose
Q2) Which of the following rem values equals 35 mSv?
A) 0.35 rem
B) 3.5 rem
C) 35 rem
D) 350 rem
Q3) Of the following numerical choices,which is the effective atomic number (Zeff) of soft tissue?
A) 15
B) 13.8
C) 7.4
D) 5.9
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6
Chapter 5: Radiation Monitoring
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Sample Questions
Q1) Whenever the letter "M" appears under the current monitoring period or in the cumulative columns of a personnel monitoring report,it signifies that:
A) a mistake has been made in recording the equivalent dose.
B) an equivalent dose higher than the minimum measurable radiation quantity was recorded during that time.
C) an equivalent dose less than the minimum measurable radiation quantity was recorded during that time.
D) a maximal equivalent dose has been exceeded during that time.
Q2) Which of the following should be part of the employment record of all radiation workers?
A) A list of all fluoroscopic procedures performed daily
B) A list of all radiographic procedures performed daily
C) A record of exposure recorded by personnel dosimeters
D) A report of all procedures performed when "on call" after regular hours
Q3) Which of the following is a disadvantage of the optically stimulated dosimeter?
A) Exposure not determinable on the day of occurrence
B) Mechanical shock can cause false high reading
C) No permanent, legal record of exposure
D) Not cost-effective for large numbers of personnel
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Page 7
Chapter 6: Overview of Cell Biology
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Sample Questions
Q1) Cytosine bonds only with:
A) adenine.
B) guanine.
C) nitrogen.
D) thymine.
Q2) If exposure to outside influence such as ionizing radiation damages the components of the cell involved in molecular synthesis beyond repair,then cells: 1)behave abnormally. 2)die.
3)take on a glowing greenish color when viewed under an electronic microscope.
A) 1 and 2 only
B) 1 and 3 only
C) 2 and 3 only
D) 1, 2, and 3
Q3) The cell components that contain the centrioles are the:
A) centrosomes.
B) Golgi apparatus and mitochondria.
C) lysosomes.
D) ribosomes.
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Page 8
Chapter 7: Molecular and Cellular Radiation Biology
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Sample Questions
Q1) _________ of the effects of x-radiation and gamma in macromolecules of living systems (in vivo) occur as a result of indirect action.
A) None
B) Very few
C) Some
D) Most
Q2) A biologic reaction is produced by 4 Gyt of a test radiation.It takes 16 Gyt of 250-kVp x-rays to produce the same biologic reaction.What is the relative biologic effectiveness (RBE) of the test radiation?
A) 2
B) 4
C) 8
D) 12
Q3) Which of the following gonadal radiation doses may cause permanent sterility in a male human?
A) 0.01 Gyt
B) 1.0 Gyt
C) 2.0 Gyt
D) 6.0 Gyt
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Page 9
Chapter 8: Early Deterministic Radiation Effects on Organ Systems
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25 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) A decrease in the number of neutrophils can be caused by a radiation dose of:
A) 0.1 Gy.
B) 0.2 Gy.
C) 0.3 Gy.
D) 0.5 Gy.
Q2) The term LD 50/30 signifies the whole-body dose of radiation that can be lethal to:
A) 50% of the exposed population in 30 days.
B) 30% of the exposed population in 50 days.
C) 50% of the exposed population in 50 days.
D) 30% of the exposed population in 30 days.
Q3) Studies of radiation therapy patients who received orthovoltage radiation therapy treatments provide:
A) no evidence of skin damage caused by radiation exposure.
B) minimal evidence of skin damage caused by radiation exposure.
C) a moderate amount of evidence of skin damage caused by radiation exposure.
D) significant evidence of skin damage caused by radiation exposure.
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Chapter 9: Late Deterministic and Stochastic Radiation
Effects on Organ Systems
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Sample Questions
Q1) Mutations in genes and DNA that occur at random as natural phenomena are called:
A) deterministic mutations.
B) sporadic mutations.
C) spontaneous mutations.
D) stochastic mutations.
Q2) Existing data on radiation-induced genetic effects in humans :
A) prove conclusively that radiation causes major genetic effects.
B) prove conclusively that radiation causes only minor genetic effects.
C) are still inconclusive.
D) prove conclusively that radiation does not cause genetic effects.
Q3) Studies of postpartum patients treated with ionizing radiation for relief of mastitis are a group of individuals in whom the results of radiation exposure to healthy breast tissue indicate that radiation:
A) can cause breast cancer.
B) cannot cause breast cancer.
C) can cause breast enlargement.
D) can cause breast shrinkage.
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Page 11
Chapter 10: Dose Limits for Exposure to Ionizing Radiation
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Sample Questions
Q1) The main function of the Nuclear Regulatory Commission (NRC) is to:
1)inspect imaging facilities.
2)oversee the nuclear energy industry.
3)regulate imaging facilities.
A) 1 only
B) 2 only
C) 3 only
D) 1, 2, and 3
Q2) ____________________ exists that low-level ionizing radiation causes a statistically significant increase in the threat of malignancy.
A) A substantial amount of conclusive proof
B) A moderate amount of conclusive proof
C) A small amount of conclusive proof
D) No conclusive proof
Q3) Which of the following terms means "random in nature"?
A) Deterministic
B) Epidemiologic
C) Nonstochastic
D) Stochastic
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Page 12
Chapter 11: Equipment Design for Radiation Protection
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Sample Questions
Q1) Depending on the area of the body being examined with a fluoroscopic image intensification system,for adult patients,a range of ______ kVp is generally used.
A) 30 to 60
B) 60 to 75
C) 75 to 110
D) 110 to 140
Q2) Digital radiography images can be accessed:
A) at only one workstation at a time, thereby decreasing convenience for physicians providing patient care.
B) at no more than two workstations at a time, thereby decreasing convenience for physicians providing patient care.
C) at several workstations at the same time, making image viewing very convenient for physicians providing patient care.
D) digital images cannot be accessed at any workstations by physicians.
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13
Chapter 12: Management of Patient Radiation Dose During Diagnostic X-Ray Procedures
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Sample Questions
Q1) In a remote control fluoroscopic room where the x-ray tube is located above the patient,protective shielding should:
A) be placed over the patient.
B) be placed under the patient.
C) be placed alongside the patient.
D) not be used.
Q2) During a radiographic examination,which of the following combinations of technical exposure factors and filtration reduce patient radiation dose?
A) Lower kVp, higher mAs, decreased filtration
B) Higher kVp, lower mAs, increased filtration
C) Higher kVp, higher mAs, decreased filtration
D) Lower kVp, lower mAs, increased filtration
Q3) The radiation dose absorbed by an organ such as bone marrow:
A) can be accurately measured by a direct method.
B) cannot be measured by a direct method; it can only be estimated.
C) is negligible for all diagnostic radiography examinations.
D) can only be measured to a small degree by a direct method.
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Page 14
Chapter 13: Management of Imaging Personnel Radiation
Dose During Diagnostic X-Ray Procedures
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Sample Questions
Q1) To ensure that the lifetime risk of occupationally exposed persons remains acceptable,the lifetime effective dose in mSv should not exceed:
A) the occupationally exposed person's age in years.
B) 5 times the occupationally exposed person's age in years.
C) 10 times the occupationally exposed person's age in years.
D) 20 times the occupationally exposed person's age in years.
Q2) Who should determine the exact shielding requirements for a particular imaging facility?
A) Administrator of the facility
B) Medical physicist
C) Radiologist
D) Radiographer
Q3) In terms of occupational risk,radiography may be compared with the occupational risk associated with which of the following?
A) Extremely hazardous industries
B) Other industries considered reasonably safe, such as government and trade
C) A nuclear war
D) A radiation accident, such as the Chernobyl nuclear power plant disaster
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Chapter 14: Radioisotopes and Radiation Protection
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15 Verified Questions
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Sample Questions
Q1) What is the half-life of Technetium-99m?
A) 6 hours
B) 3 hours
C) 6 minutes
D) 3 minutes
Q2) In __________,a neutron transforms itself into a combination of a proton and an energetic electron.
A) alpha decay
B) beta decay
C) gamma decay
D) x-ray absorption
Q3) Tellurium-125 (¹² Te) has:
A) 125 protons and 125 neutrons.
B) 75 protons and 63 neutrons.
C) 52 protons and 73 neutrons.
D) 45 protons and 58 neutrons.
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Page 16