Medical Conditions in Physical Therapy
Question Bank
Course Introduction
This course explores the wide range of medical conditions that impact physical therapy practice, providing students with a foundational understanding of common pathologies across the lifespan. Emphasis is placed on the etiology, clinical presentation, progression, and management of conditions affecting the musculoskeletal, neurological, cardiopulmonary, and integumentary systems. Students will learn to identify symptoms, interpret relevant medical information, and integrate knowledge of medical comorbidities into physical therapy assessment and intervention planning. The course also highlights the importance of interdisciplinary collaboration and safe, evidence-based decision-making in providing holistic patient care.
Recommended Textbook
Pathology for the Physical Therapist Assistant 1st Edition by Penelope J. Lescher
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14 Chapters
280 Verified Questions
280 Flashcards
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Chapter 1: Inflammation and Healing
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which of the following scenarios is most likely to result in healing by second intention?
A) A 40-year-old woman sustains a knife wound to the finger while cutting vegetables.No stitches are necessary,and the wound heals well.
B) A 30-year-old man is attacked in the street by a woman holding a knife and sustains a deep but straight knife wound to the forearm.He is treated at the local hospital.The wound is cleansed,and he receives six stitches in the wound.The man is discharged home to return in 10 days for removal of the stitches.
C) A 60-year-old woman has a total hip replacement.Her surgical incision heals well,and her staples are removed after 10 days when the wound has already closed.
D) A 60-year-old woman with diabetes has an open wound on her lower leg as a result of poor venous circulation.She is treated in physical therapy.The wound is cleansed using the pulsatile lavage unit,and a dressing is applied before she returns home.
Answer: D
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Chapter 2: Immunopathology, neoplasia, and
Chromosome Abnormalities
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20 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) The mechanisms for metastasis of a malignant tumor are varied.Which of the following is NOT a true statement?
A) A malignancy that metastasizes to another area is named for the new site.
B) The area of metastasis becomes a secondary site of the tumor.
C) Metastases can occur by malignant cells traveling to another area of the body via the blood or lymphatic systems.
D) Metastases can occur through "seeding," in which cancerous cells break away from the malignant tumor and are transmitted to another area through a body cavity.
Answer: A
Q2) Destruction of the body's own tissues in autoimmune diseases is the result of type II hypersensitivity reactions.Which of the following conditions is NOT an autoimmune disease?
A) Diabetes mellitus
B) Hepatitis B
C) Multiple sclerosis
D) Rheumatoid arthritis
Answer: B
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Chapter 3: Cardiovascular Pathologies
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Sample Questions
Q1) Hodgkin's disease is a nonmalignant disease of the white blood cells.
A)True
B)False
Answer: False
Q2) Your 60-year-old male patient experiences periodic pain in the upper chest and left shoulder when he overexerts himself,is under emotional stress,or is in places where the temperature and humidity are high.He has had this problem for several years,and the pain is relieved with rest and taking a nitroglycerin tablet.The most likely reason for these symptoms is:
A) angina pectoris.
B) cardiomyopathy.
C) congestive heart failure.
D) endocarditis.
Answer: A
Q3) Which of the following procedures is considered invasive?
A) Echocardiography
B) Exercise stress test
C) Cardiac catheterization
D) Positron emission tomography
Answer: C
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Chapter 4: Respiratory Diseases
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Sample Questions
Q1) The surgical removal of a whole lung is called a:
A) lobectomy.
B) pneumonectomy.
C) pneumothorax.
D) thoracotomy.
Q2) When a person stops breathing or has breathing that is too shallow to enable sufficient oxygen to perfuse in the lungs when asleep,it is called: A) apneustic breathing.
B) hypopnea.
C) sleep apnea.
D) tachypnea.
Q3) During ventilation,the muscles of inhalation enlarge the volume of the thoracic cage and the pressure in the alveoli is lowered below that of the atmospheric pressure of air,causing air to rush into the lungs from the atmosphere.
A)True
B)False
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6
Chapter 5: Degenerative Joint Diseases and Bone Pathologies
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Sample Questions
Q1) Osteochondromas,also called exostoses,are the most common benign tumors of bone in children and are usually located in the distal femur.
A)True
B)False
Q2) Tuberculosis (TB)is usually thought of as a disease affecting the lungs.However,people with severe TB can experience joint problems similar to those who have arthritis.Which of the following statements concerning TB is FALSE?
A) The bony areas most affected by TB are the spine and the long bones,particularly at the knee and hip.
B) Infection with Mycobacterium tuberculosis is spread to the bones via the vascular system or from adjacent lymph nodes.
C) People with TB of the bone may require surgery for the joints.
D) Pott's disease is another name for TB that affects the internal organs other than the lungs.
Q3) An example of a benign tumor of bone is a Ewing's sarcoma.
A)True
B)False
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Page 7
Chapter 6: Rheumatoid Arthritis and Related Conditions
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Sample Questions
Q1) People with sarcoidosis may have symptoms of fatigue,chest pain,shortness of breath,skin lesions,and joint pains.Approximately 60% to 70% of people with the condition experience spontaneous healing within 24 to 36 months of the onset of the condition.
A)True
B)False
Q2) Which of the following characteristics is indicative of fibromyalgia?
A) Out of a possible 18 points on the body,11 are hypersensitive to palpation.
B) Subchondral cysts develop in the bone ends.
C) Skin nodules form around the elbows,feet,and hands.
D) Ankylosis of the spine occurs with restriction of rib motion.
Q3) A disease characterized by a combination of signs and symptoms,including a malar rash on the face (butterfly rash),a discoid rash on the body,fatigue,weight loss or weight gain,Raynaud's phenomenon,arthritis symptoms of several joints,internal organ involvement,gastrointestinal symptoms,and anemia is:
A) Reiter's syndrome
B) scleroderma.
C) systemic lupus erythematosus.
D) Still's disease.
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8
Chapter 7: Neurological Disorders
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which of the following statements regarding a cerebrovascular accident (CVA),also known as a brain attack,is NOT true?
A) A CVA can be precipitated by a ruptured aneurysm in a blood vessel within the brain.
B) The prognosis for people with a CVA of the brainstem is good.
C) Smoking is one of the leading causes of CVA.
D) Usually a CVA on the right side of the brain will cause weakness on the left side of the body.
Q2) Which of the following statements regarding the spinal cord is FALSE?
A) The distal end of the spinal cord ends at the level of the junction between the first and second lumbar vertebrae.
B) The white matter of the spinal cord is composed mainly of the axons of neurons.
C) The ascending tracts of the white matter are motor in nature.
D) The cross bar of the H-shaped area of gray matter is called the anterior white commissure.
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Chapter 8: Burns and Skin Conditions
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Sample Questions
Q1) In the classification of pressure ulcers,which stage is described as full-thickness skin loss with subcutaneous tissue necrosis?
A) Closed pressure ulcer
B) Stage I
C) Stage II
D) Stage III
Q2) Malignant melanoma
A)Area affected may appear as a nonhealing ulcer with an asymmetrical shape
B)Area of concern can be red,purple,or brown and is found mainly on the face and lower legs
C)Blister-like vesicles occurring along a dermatome
D)Lesions that are 6 mm in diameter and have mixed flat and raised areas
E)Occurs on areas regularly exposed to ultraviolet light
Q3) Herpes zoster
A)Area affected may appear as a nonhealing ulcer with an asymmetrical shape
B)Area of concern can be red,purple,or brown and is found mainly on the face and lower legs
C)Blister-like vesicles occurring along a dermatome
D)Lesions that are 6 mm in diameter and have mixed flat and raised areas
E)Occurs on areas regularly exposed to ultraviolet light
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Chapter 9: Endocrine, metabolic, and Nutritional Disorders
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which of the following is NOT appropriate physical therapy advice for a patient with diabetes mellitus?
A) Check the feet two to three times per week.
B) Exercise in a temperature-controlled setting.
C) Exercise routinely.
D) Wear shoes with a large toe box.
Q2) Hyperthyroidism
A)Perform gentle exercise and mobility
B)Improve endurance and strengthen muscle
C)Manage arthritic symptoms and perform muscle strengthening exercises
D)Treat muscle and soft tissues deficits that may arise
E)Treat the physical deficits caused by the disease process
Q3) A person with bulimia nervosa has the tendency to overexercise.
A)True
B)False
Q4) During exercise,this mineral is lost through excessive sweating:
A) Calcium
B) Chloride
C) Iron
D) Magnesium
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Chapter 10: Infectious Diseases
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which of the following diseases is NOT sexually transmitted?
A) Hepatitis A
B) Hepatitis B
C) Hepatitis C
D) Hepatitis D
Q2) Human papillomavirus
A)Contact with infected rodents or rodent urine or feces
B)Mosquito bite
C)Respiratory droplets via coughing or sneezing
D)Sexual contact
E)Tick bite
Q3) Proof of immunity to this disease is required by the Occupational Safety and Health Administration:
A) Infectious mononucleosis
B) Meningitis
C) Varicella
D) Variola
Q4) The hepatitis A virus can be viable for months outside of the body.
A)True
B)False
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Chapter 11: Female and Male Reproductive System
Conditions
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Sample Questions
Q1) Placenta previa
A)Development of the placenta either completely or partly over the internal opening of the cervix
B)Implantation of the placenta deeply into the myometrium
C)Woman pregnant for the first time
D)Woman who has given birth only once
E)Woman who has had several pregnancies
Q2) Primigravida
A)Development of the placenta either completely or partly over the internal opening of the cervix
B)Implantation of the placenta deeply into the myometrium
C)Woman pregnant for the first time
D)Woman who has given birth only once
E)Woman who has had several pregnancies
Q3) A second-degree episiotomy is a tear that extends to:
A) include extensive damage to the vagina,perineum,external genitalia,and the wall of the rectum.
B) layers of muscle of the perineum.
C) superficial areas only.
D) the sphincters.
Page 13
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Chapter 12: Diseases of the Digestive and Urinary Systems
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Sample Questions
Q1) All of the following are general signs and symptoms of urinary tract diseases EXCEPT:
A) aneuria.
B) deep vein thrombosis.
C) pain in low back.
D) postvoid dribbling.
Q2) Which of the following is NOT part of the urinary system?
A) Adrenal glands
B) Bladder
C) Kidney
D) Rectum
Q3) All of the following are likely causes of peritonitis EXCEPT:
A) bacterial infection.
B) infection due to hemodialysis.
C) infection from an intestinal condition.
D) irritation from the chemicals used during surgery.
Q4) Arthritis is associated with inflammatory bowel disease.
A)True
B)False
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Chapter 13: Intensive Care
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20 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Fasting glucose
A)70 to 110 mg/100 mL
B)75 to 100 mm Hg
C)150,000 to 300,000/mm<sup>3</sup>
D)Females: 12 to 16 g/100 mL; Males: 13 to 18 g/100 mL
E)Females: 37% to 48%; Males: 45% to 52%
Q2) Patients are allowed to refuse treatment in the ICU.
A)True
B)False
Q3) A therapist would probably not treat this medical diagnosis in the ICU:
A) Brain attack
B) Burns
C) Low back pain
D) Near-drowning
Q4) Platelet count
A)70 to 110 mg/100 mL
B)75 to 100 mm Hg
C)150,000 to 300,000/mm<sup>3</sup>
D)Females: 12 to 16 g/100 mL; Males: 13 to 18 g/100 mL
E)Females: 37% to 48%; Males: 45% to 52%
Page 15
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Chapter 14: The Geriatric Patient
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Sample Questions
Q1) The use of an alarm system to prevent a patient from falling or wandering is considered a restraint alternative.
A)True B)False
Q2) It is recommended to develop regular exercise routines in order to fatigue patients with dementia to prevent them from wandering.
A)True
B)False
Q3) When working with patients with dementia,it is important to do all of the following EXCEPT:
A) use group exercise.
B) use simple,brief instructions.
C) use the person's name frequently.
D) use your irritation to facilitate a therapeutic reaction.
Q4) All of the following are skin effects due to aging EXCEPT:
A) easy bruising.
B) reduced elasticity and flexibility.
C) hair loss on the body.
D) thickening of the subdermal fat layer.
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