Medical Conditions in Physical Therapy
Exam Questions
Course Introduction
This course explores a comprehensive range of medical conditions commonly encountered in physical therapy practice, including both acute and chronic diseases affecting the musculoskeletal, neurological, cardiovascular, and respiratory systems. Emphasis is placed on understanding the pathophysiology, clinical presentation, diagnostic procedures, and medical management of these conditions. Students will learn how medical diagnoses influence physical therapy assessment, intervention planning, and patient outcomes, as well as the implications for safe and effective rehabilitation. The course prepares aspiring physical therapists to collaborate with interdisciplinary healthcare teams and adapt treatment approaches to meet the unique needs of patients with complex medical histories.
Recommended Textbook
Pathology for the Physical Therapist Assistant 1st Edition by Penelope J. Lescher
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280 Flashcards
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Chapter 1: Inflammation and Healing
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Sample Questions
Q1) During the healing process,which of the following statements is INCORRECT regarding granulation tissue?
A) Granulation tissue is resilient to damage (not easily damaged).
B) Granulation tissue forms a series of red dots in the base of the healing wound.
C) The appearance of granulation tissue in a wound is a good sign that the wound is healing.
D) Granulation tissue is easily damaged.
Answer: A
Q2) All of the following procedures can assist in the prevention of pressure ulcers (decubiti)EXCEPT:
A) moving a person who is immobile up the bed using a draw sheet,allowing the buttocks to drag on the bed.
B) changing bed sheets frequently to prevent moisture from sweat,urine,and wound exudate.
C) making sure the patient is turned onto different parts of the body at least every 2 hours.
D) inspecting the skin regularly to ensure no reddened areas are present.
Answer: A
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3
Chapter 2: Immunopathology, neoplasia, and
Chromosome
Abnormalities
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Sample Questions
Q1) Angiogenesis is:
A) the process of developing a cancerous tumor.
B) the process of a tumor spreading to other areas of the body.
C) the process of reepithelialization of the skin after injury.
D) the process of development of a blood supply to a tumor.
Answer: D
Q2) The mechanisms for metastasis of a malignant tumor are varied.Which of the following is NOT a true statement?
A) A malignancy that metastasizes to another area is named for the new site.
B) The area of metastasis becomes a secondary site of the tumor.
C) Metastases can occur by malignant cells traveling to another area of the body via the blood or lymphatic systems.
D) Metastases can occur through "seeding," in which cancerous cells break away from the malignant tumor and are transmitted to another area through a body cavity.
Answer: A
Q3) T lymphocytes are found in the respiratory tract of people with asthma.
A)True
B)False
Answer: True
Page 4
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Chapter 3: Cardiovascular Pathologies
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which of the following patients is MOST at risk for atherosclerosis and heart disease?
A) A 60-year-old female with no history of diabetes who does not smoke,has a low cholesterol level,weighs 120 pounds,and has no family history of heart disease
B) A 60-year-old male with no history of diabetes who does not smoke,has a low cholesterol level,weighs 170 pounds,and has no family history of heart disease
C) A 60-year-old female with a history of diabetes for 10 years,who does not smoke,has a low cholesterol level,weighs 120 pounds and has a family history of heart disease
D) A 60-year-old male with a history of diabetes for 10 years,who smokes 20 cigarettes a day,has a high cholesterol level,weighs 270 pounds,and has a family history of heart disease
Answer: D
Q2) Leukemias are malignant neoplasms of the blood cells or blood-forming organs often with no known cause.
A)True
B)False
Answer: True
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Page 5
Chapter 4: Respiratory Diseases
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Sample Questions
Q1) The accessory muscles of inhalation include all of the following EXCEPT:
A) pectoralis major and pectoralis minor.
B) rectus abdominis and quadratus lumborum.
C) serratus anterior and trapezius.
D) sternocleidomastoid and scalenes.
Q2) A pulse oximeter provides an estimate of the levels of oxygen saturation in hemoglobin (SaO<sub>2</sub>).Accepted normal SaO<sub>2</sub> ranges for individuals with no pulmonary disease are:
A) between 80% and 85%.
B) between 86% and 90%.
C) between 91% and 95%.
D) between 96% and 100%.
Q3) Chronic bronchitis is defined as:
A) a productive cough present for 1 week within 1 year.
B) a productive cough present for 1 month for 2 years in a row.
C) a productive cough present for 3 months of the year within 1 year.
D) a productive cough present for 3 months of the year for 2 or more consecutive years.
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Page 6
Chapter 5: Degenerative Joint Diseases and Bone Pathologies
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Sample Questions
Q1) Developmental dysplasia of the hip (DDH),also known as congenital dislocation of the hip (CDH),is a genetic condition in which the head of the femur dislocates from the acetabulum of the pelvis.All of the following statements are true EXCEPT:
A) If DDH is not diagnosed,shortening of the affected leg may occur as a result of hip dislocation,and the gait pattern will be affected.
B) The key to a good outcome with DDH is early diagnosis and intervention.
C) The usual treatment for infants with DDH is a double hip spica cast or splint for several months with the hips maintained in an abducted position.
D) DDH is more prevalent in males than females.
Q2) Several precautions exist for people who have a total hip arthroplasty.Which instruction should you AVOID giving to a patient after this surgery?
A) Do not flex the hip beyond 90 degrees.
B) Do not cross the affected leg beyond midline.
C) Do sit in a low,soft chair for comfort.
D) Do not bend over to pick something up off the floor.
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Page 7
Chapter 6: Rheumatoid Arthritis and Related Conditions
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Sample Questions
Q1) Physical therapy interventions for people with rheumatoid arthritis (RA)are extensive.Which of the following should NOT be included in a physical therapy intervention plan for a person with RA?
A) The use of resting splints at night to keep the knees in an extended position
B) The use of finger splints and thumb spica splints to correct hand deformities
C) The use of low repetition and high weights exercise programs for strengthening muscles
D) The use of neuromuscular stimulation,ultrasound,and heat modalities during subacute and chronic stages of the disease
Q2) Duchenne muscular dystrophy is an X-linked,recessive,inherited,genetic disease that causes weakness and atrophy of muscles.The genetic defect causes a lack of dystrophin in the muscle.
A)True
B)False
Q3) Which of the following signs and symptoms is indicative of psoriatic arthritis?
A) Bamboo spine
B) Tophi
C) Pencil-in-cup deformity of the fingers
D) Heberden's nodes
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Page 8
Chapter 7: Neurological Disorders
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Sample Questions
Q1) In response to a fall,the arms extend at the elbows and the fingers extend and abduct to protect the head.This reaction develops between 6 and 12 months of age.Which reflex/reaction does this scenario describe?
A) Landau reflex
B) Moro reflex
C) Neck-righting reflex
D) Parachute reaction
Q2) Which of the following statements regarding a cerebrovascular accident (CVA),also known as a brain attack,is NOT true?
A) A CVA can be precipitated by a ruptured aneurysm in a blood vessel within the brain.
B) The prognosis for people with a CVA of the brainstem is good.
C) Smoking is one of the leading causes of CVA.
D) Usually a CVA on the right side of the brain will cause weakness on the left side of the body.
Q3) Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease is a rare degenerative neurological disorder that can be treated with antimicrobial medications.
A)True
B)False
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Chapter 8: Burns and Skin Conditions
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Sample Questions
Q1) Herpes zoster
A)Area affected may appear as a nonhealing ulcer with an asymmetrical shape
B)Area of concern can be red,purple,or brown and is found mainly on the face and lower legs
C)Blister-like vesicles occurring along a dermatome
D)Lesions that are 6 mm in diameter and have mixed flat and raised areas
E)Occurs on areas regularly exposed to ultraviolet light
Q2) In an electrical burn,only muscle and bone are most likely to be damaged.
A)True
B)False
Q3) What is the actual cause of ischemic ulcers?
A) Darkened hyperpigmentation of the skin
B) Overexposure to the sun
C) Pain at rest
D) Reduction in oxygenation perfusion of the tissues
Q4) What levels of skin are damaged in a deep partial-thickness burn?
A) Epidermis
B) Epidermis and dermis down to the papillary layer
C) Epidermis and dermis down to the reticular layer
D) Epidermis,dermis,and all underlying tissue
Page 10
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Chapter 9: Endocrine, metabolic, and Nutritional Disorders
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Q1) Which disease can be characterized by a buildup of calcium in the eyes and brain?
A) Addison's disease
B) Adrenocortical hypofunction
C) Diabetes mellitus
D) Hypoparathyroidism
Q2) Bulging eyes is one sign of Grave's disease.
A)True
B)False
Q3) Hyperparathyroidism
A)Perform gentle exercise and mobility
B)Improve endurance and strengthen muscle
C)Manage arthritic symptoms and perform muscle strengthening exercises
D)Treat muscle and soft tissues deficits that may arise
E)Treat the physical deficits caused by the disease process
Q4) Diabetes insipidus is part of what group of diseases?
A) Adrenal
B) Pituitary
C) Parathyroid
D) Thyroid
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Chapter 10: Infectious Diseases
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Sample Questions
Q1) All of the following are physical therapy interventions recommended for post-poliomyelitis syndrome EXCEPT:
A) advice on lifestyle changes.
B) endurance exercise.
C) low- to moderate-intensity exercise.
D) overfatigue to increase strength.
Q2) Hantavirus
A)Contact with infected rodents or rodent urine or feces
B)Mosquito bite
C)Respiratory droplets via coughing or sneezing
D)Sexual contact
E)Tick bite
Q3) Standard (universal)precautions are imperative for preventing nosocomial infections.
A)True
B)False
Q4) The hepatitis A virus can be viable for months outside of the body.
A)True
B)False
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Chapter 11: Female and Male Reproductive System
Conditions
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Q1) Moist hot packs are recommended for pregnant women experiencing low back pain.
A)True
B)False
Q2) Special vaginal weights are used in the treatment of this condition:
A) Dyspareunia
B) Ectopic pregnancy
C) Endometriosis
D) Pelvic floor weakness
Q3) During severe menstrual pain,which of the following physical therapy modalities is indicated?
A) Joint mobilization
B) Muscle-strengthening exercise
C) Shortwave diathermy
D) Transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation (TENS)
Q4) Poor personal hygiene is a factor for this type of cancer:
A) Breast cancer
B) Carcinoma of the cervix
C) Carcinoma of the penis
D) Prostate cancer
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Chapter 12: Diseases of the Digestive and Urinary Systems
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Sample Questions
Q1) When working with patients with carcinoma of the stomach,the goal of physical therapy is to:
A) provide postural advice.
B) provide training in ambulation and activities of daily living.
C) relieve stress.
D) strengthen the pelvic floor.
Q2) What is another name for a Foley catheter?
A) Condom catheter
B) Indwelling catheter
C) Suprapubic catheter
D) Texas catheter
Q3) Which of the following is NOT part of the urinary system?
A) Adrenal glands
B) Bladder
C) Kidney
D) Rectum
Q4) Physical therapy intervention for rectal prolapse may include electrical stimulation.
A)True
B)False
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Chapter 13: Intensive Care
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Sample Questions
Q1) When preparing to work with a patient in the ICU it is important for the therapist to do all of the following EXCEPT:
A) ask another health-care team member for clarification on terms with which the therapist is unfamiliar.
B) have basic knowledge of normal laboratory values.
C) know that if it is the first time he or she is entering ICU,it is okay to panic; the ICU is an overwhelming department of the hospital.
D) schedule treatment around other procedures the patient may be having.
Q2) Which of the following is NOT indicative of what may be found with a patient with end-stage renal disease?
A) Catheter
B) Oxygen therapy
C) Patient fatigues quickly
D) Unrestricted fluid intake
Q3) In adults,what is the normal range for intracranial pressure in mm Hg?
A) 0 to 5
B) 0 to 10
C) 5 to 10
D) 5 to 15
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Page 15
Chapter 14: The Geriatric Patient
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Sample Questions
Q1) The Kübler-Ross stages of dying include all of the following EXCEPT:
A) anger.
B) bargaining.
C) depression.
D) surrender.
Q2) A family member taking money from an elderly person is not considered elder abuse.
A)True
B)False
Q3) Which of the following is NOT a physiological effect of aging?
A) Decreased cardiac output
B) Feelings of isolation
C) Reduction in lung elasticity
D) Thickening of arteries and capillaries
Q4) Which of the following is NOT a contributing reason to malnutrition in the elderly?
A) Inability to cook and prepare food
B) Ingestion of a multivitamin
C) Severe depression
D) Swallowing disorders
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