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Measurement and Evaluation in Psychology Exam Preparation Guide
Course Introduction
Measurement and Evaluation in Psychology explores the fundamental principles and practices of psychological assessment, focusing on the construction, administration, and interpretation of tests and measurement tools. The course covers reliability, validity, test standardization, and ethical considerations in psychological measurement. Students will learn to critically evaluate the quality of psychological instruments, understand issues related to scaling and norming, and apply statistical techniques to interpret test results. Emphasis is placed on the application of assessment techniques in various settings, including clinical, educational, and organizational contexts, preparing students to select and use appropriate tools for psychological evaluation.
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2
Chapter 1: Psychological Testing and Assessment
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Q1) The term psychometrics
A) was derived from the Latin for "to confuse and befuddle."
B) is used to refer collectively to test catalogues, manuals, and reports.
C) may be defined as the science of psychological measurement.
D) All of these
Answer: C
Q2) A researcher wishes to consult a reference work that provides descriptions of tests,and not reviews of tests.Which reference source BEST suits this purpose?
A) The 20<sup>th</sup> Mental Measurements Yearbook
B) The Supplement to the 20<sup>th</sup> Mental Measurements Yearbook
C) The Supplement to the Supplement of the 20<sup>th</sup> Mental Measurements Yearbook
D) Tests in Print
Answer: D
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3
Chapter 2: Historical, cultural, and Legal Ethical
Considerations
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Q1) "Does a court order for a compulsory psychiatric examination of the defendant in a criminal trial violate that defendant's fifth amendment right to avoid self-incrimination?"
This was the question before the court in the case of
A) Mitchell v. State.
B) Allen v. District of Columbia.
C) Tarasoff v. Regents of the University of California.
D) Jaffee v. Redmond.
Answer: A
Q2) Regarding psychologists' duty to warn in cases involving testtakers who are HIV-positive,
A) most states have enacted legislation to protect mental health professionals from liability for "good faith" disclosure to an at-risk third party.
B) the issue has yet to be addressed by any courts or legislature.
C) most states have enacted legislation that provides limits to confidentiality of one's HIV-positive diagnosis.
D) the issue was historically first addressed by the Idaho State Legislature.
Answer: C
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Page 4
Chapter 3: A Statistics Refresher
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Q1) A raw score of 82 coming from a distribution of scores with a mean of 76 and a standard of 4 is equal to a z score of:
A) +1.5.
B) -1.5.
C) +4.
D) -2.
Answer: A
Q2) Which of the following is TRUE of kurtosis?
A) Computer programs provide an index of skewness that ranges from -3 to +3.
B) Computer program provide an index of skewness that ranges from -1 to +1.
C) No widely accepted definition of this concept exists.
D) It was first conceived and named by a Swedish statistician named Kurt.
Answer: A
Q3) How wide is the interval encompassed by a stanine?
A) 10 points
B) It depends on the particular test that was administered
C) 1/4 standard error unit
D) 1/2 standard deviation unit
Answer: D
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Chapter 4: Of Tests and Testing
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Q1) According to your text,which of the following assumptions inherent in the assessment enterprise is repeatedly emphasized in the codes of ethics of associations of assessment professionals?
A) Psychological traits and states can be quantified.
B) Various sources of error are a part of the process.
C) Test-related behavior predicts non-test-related behavior.
D) Tests and other tools have strengths and weaknesses
Q2) It's a group of people whose performance on a particular test is analyzed for reference in evaluating the performance of future testtakers.This group is called
A) a normative sample.
B) a test validation group.
C) a stratified random sample.
D) a "back to the future" group.
Q3) When using trait terms,it is important to keep in mind that
A) there are many synonyms for the trait term that could be used instead.
B) trait terms are relative in that unstated comparisons are always being made.
C) the trait being exhibited is subject to sudden change as in multiple personality.
D) traits, much like most human abilities, are all "in the eye of the beholder."
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Chapter 5: Reliability
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Q1) "The probability of endorsing or selecting an item response indicative of higher levels of theta should increase as the underlying level of theta increases." This quote sums up the meaning of the IRT assumption of A) unidimensionality.
B) heteroskedacity.
C) local independence.
D) monotonicity.
Q2) Which of the following would result in the LEAST appropriate estimate of reliability for a speed test?
A) test-retest
B) alternate-form
C) split-half from a single administration of the test
D) split-half from two independent testing sessions
Q3) The fact that the length of a test influences the size of the reliability coefficient is based on which theory of measurement?
A) classical test theory (CTT)
B) generalizability theory
C) domain sampling theory
D) item response theory (IRT)
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Page 7
Chapter 6: Validity
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Q1) Which measures provide statistical evidence for the judgment of criterion-related validity?
A) reliability coefficient and content validity ratio
B) validity coefficient and expectancy data
C) validity coefficient and content validity ratio
D) reliability coefficient and expectancy data
Q2) If a newly developed test designed to measure happiness correlates with other tests of happiness but not with tests of sadness,this is referred to as __________________ and _________________ evidence of validity,respectively.
A) convergent; discriminant
B) discriminant; convergent
C) homogeneous; concurrent
D) concurrent; homogeneous
Q3) "It's a measure of validity that arrived at by a comprehensive analysis of how scores on the test relate to other test scores." This statement is a reference to:
A) face validity
B) content validity
C) the trinitarian index
D) construct validity
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Chapter 7: Utility
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Q1) Consider an employment test that is highly accurate (about 98% correct in classifications),but very costly (about $5,000 per test).For which of the following positions would use of the test be most warranted?
A) Translator for the United States Ambassador to the U.N.
B) Short-order cook for the President of the United States
C) Assistant buyer for Sam's Club
D) Producer of the reality television show, Mob Wives.
Q2) Taylor-Russell tables provide evidence of A) content validity.
B) criterion-related validity.
C) split-half reliability.
D) how one research team could "outshine" Naylor and Shine.
Q3) When the purpose of a utility analysis is to answer some finance-related question with a dollars-and-cents answer,the utility analysis will most likely employ
A) the Cascio-Ramos formula.
B) the Brogden-Cronbach-Gleser formula.
C) Kuder-Richardson Formula 20.
D) Petty Formula 1.
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Chapter 8: Test Development
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Q1) If 100 people take a test and 20 of those testtakers answer a particular item correctly,then the p value of the item is
A) .25.
B) .20.
C) .40.
D) .04.
Q2) As with the use of other rating scales,the use of Likert scales typically yields _______-level data.
A) nominal
B) ordinal
C) interval
D) ratio
Q3) A test item written in a multiple-choice format has three elements.Which of the following is NOT one of those elements?
A) foil
B) stem
C) leaf
D) correct option
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Chapter 9: Intelligence and Its Measurement
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Q1) In the Chapter 9 Meet an Assessment Professional,Dr.Barbara Pavlo reflected that she used tests
A) in a dynamic manner.
B) to provide feedback to clients regarding their progress.
C) to provide feedback to herself regarding clients' progress.
D) All of these
Q2) Culture-specific and culture-reduced tests have been shown to have
A) limited value in predicting educational achievement.
B) significant value in predicting educational achievement.
C) little application in industrial and organizational settings.
D) significant value in predicting vocational success.
Q3) Binet believed that the primary purpose of an intelligence test was to assist the test user in the process of A) classification.
B) measurement.
C) prediction.
D) data collection.
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11
Chapter 10: Tests of Intelligence
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Q1) Which was NOT a reason used to exclude people from participation in the SB5 standardization sample?
A) limited proficiency in the English language
B) severe emotional disturbance
C) immediate family member also participating
D) cardiac arrest
Q2) In 1958,David Wechsler endorsed the use of short forms for screening purposes only.However,10 years later,Wechsler would advise test users who claimed not to have the time to administer the full form of the test
A) to "find the time."
B) that a short form could be used only with testtakers with well-documented decreased attention span.
C) that the use of short forms was acceptable only by forensic psychologists working in an already overburdened criminal justice system.
D) that the shortcomings of short forms would have to be overlooked in situations where the need outweighed the potential damage.
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Chapter 11: Assessment for Education
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Q1) The K-ABC was designed to measure A) achievement.
B) intelligence.
C) both achievement and intelligence.
D) general aptitude.
Q2) The Woodcock-Johnson III is appropriate for administration to testtakers age 2 through age
A) 12.
B) 18.
C) 65.
D) 90.
Q3) An informant marks items describing the presence or absence of specified behaviors,thoughts,events or circumstances.The informant is MOST likely completing a A) rating scale.
B) structured interview.
C) checklist.
D) structured projective inventory.
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Page 13
Chapter 12: Personality Assessment: An Overview
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Q1) Which of the following item formats were illustrated in the chapter 12 Everyday Psychometrics entitled "Some Common Item Formats"?
A) true-false
B) two-choice item
C) semantic differential
D) All of these
Q2) A clinician has her clients rate every therapy session on a seven-point rating scale with "helpful" on one end,and "not helpful" on the other.This clinician is using a method of assessment called
A) the semantic differential.
B) forced-choice format.
C) adjective checklist format.
D) None of these
Q3) Self-report measures have been criticized because
A) respondents can present themselves in a way that meets their needs.
B) Results are less reliable than other measures.
C) Results are less valid than reports from others.
D) Self-report measures usually require a great deal of explanation.
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Chapter 13: Personality Assessment Methods
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Sample Questions
Q1) Timeline-followback procedure is to ecological momentary assessment,as past is to A) present.
B) antecedent.
C) consequence.
D) the "there and then."
Q2) Which of the following is the most widely used and widely taught scoring system for the Rorschach?
A) Rorschach's own Psychodiagnostics system
B) the Piotrowski system
C) the Klopfer system
D) the Exner system
Q3) According to Karen Machover's thought regarding the interpretation of findings of a Draw-a-Person test,the person drawn represents the person doing the drawing,and the paper on which it is drawn represents A) the environment.
B) the individual's superego.
C) the individual's dreams and aspirations.
D) reality demands.
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Chapter 14: Clinical and Counseling Assessment
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Q1) Which of the following is NOT a category listed in your textbook in the description of a mental status examination?
A) sensorium
B) socioeconomic status
C) memory
D) appearance
Q2) The most widely used test to measure the severity of depression is
A) the MMPI.
B) the BDI-II.
C) the MCMI-III.
D) the SADS.
Q3) According to Wakefield,disorders result from
A) environmental factors.
B) a breakdown of internal mechanisms.
C) an interaction between internal mechanisms and the environment.
D) the interaction of forces that are yet to be determined.
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Page 16
Chapter 15: Neuropsychological Assessment
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Q1) Which of the following is TRUE of the Wisconsin Card Sorting Test-64 Card Version?
A) The test is primarily used to screen for seizure disorders, psychotic disorders, and personality disorders.
B) Test results may suggest neurological impairment when in reality the testtaker is mentally ill.
C) The test was developed by a Wisconsin neuropsychologist best known for conducting taste-tests with 64 varieties of muenster cheese.
D) None of these
Q2) A man has a stroke on Monday and is recovering in the hospital on the following Tuesday.On Wednesday morning,the family of the patient asks a neuropsychologist to test the patient to determine how extensive the damage was from the stroke.In accordance with BEST practices,the neuropsychologist replies that he plans to test the patient
A) later that afternoon.
B) later that evening.
C) first thing in the morning on Thursday.
D) in about a month or so.
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Chapter 16: Assessment, Careers, and Business References
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Q1) Which type of survey research is MOST susceptible to non-response?
A) the mail survey
B) the telephone survey
C) the personal interview
D) the mall intercept
Q2) Which is TRUE of drug testing in work settings?
A) Large companies are more likely to test than small companies.
B) Random drug testing is commonplace in private, service-oriented companies.
C) Companies involved in the manufacture and distribution of pharmaceuticals do the least testing.
D) Small companies typically test more than large ones because of the higher stake they have in each employee.
Q3) Which of the following is TRUE of a focus group?
A) The participants are randomly selected.
B) A free-flowing discussion is avoided.
C) The group consists of 20-25 participants.
D) A trained moderator leads the group.
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