Chapter 5: Applying Appropriate Theories and Conceptual Models
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Q1) ____is the idea that knowledge comes from experience.
A) Rationalism
B) Logic
C) Replication
D) Empiricism
Q2) The Theory of Chronic Sorrow is an example of what type of theory?
A) grand
B) borrowed
C) middle-range
D) practice
Q3) The nurse-theorist Sr. Callista Roy is associated with what grand theory?
A) Patient-Centered Approach to Nursing
B) Theory of Human Becoming
C) Health as Expanding Consciousness
D) Adaptation Model
Q4) One of the primary functions of theory is to:
A) summarize existing knowledge.
B) summarize existing hypotheses.
C) suggest new relationships and make new predictions.
D) suggest new theories.
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Chapter 6: Formulating Hypotheses and Research
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Q1) A research hypothesis always:
A) is based on research data.
B) predicts a relationship.
C) asks a question.
D) none of the above
Q2) Hypotheses that do not specify a particular direction in relation to variables under study are called:
A) nondirectional hypotheses.
B) directional hypotheses.
C) extraneous hypotheses.
D) null hypotheses.
Q3) Hypotheses in qualitative studies usually:
A) are very specific and stated prior to beginning the study.
B) are often generalized as data are collected, interpreted, and analyzed.
C) are never used.
D) are always stated after the research has been completed.
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Chapter 7: Selecting the Sample and Setting
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Q1) Which of the following is not a form of nonrandom sampling?
A) snowball sampling
B) convenience sampling
C) purposive sampling
D) All are forms of nonrandom sampling.
Q2) The sampling error is usually _with _samples and _as the sample _____.
A) smaller, larger, increases, decreases
B) larger, larger, decreases, increases
C) smaller, smaller, increases, decreases
D) larger, larger, decreases, decreases
Q3) You decide to select a sample of 100 subjects of whom 10% will be African American, 10% Hispanic, and 80% white. Identify the appropriate sampling design.
A) simple random sampling
B) cluster sampling
C) systematic sampling
D) quota sampling
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Chapter 8: Principles of Measurement
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Q1) Which of the following is a type of criterion-related validity evidence?
A) concurrent validity
B) predictive validity
C) internal consistency
D) both a and b
Q2) Which of the following statements accurately describes test-retest reliability?
A) measure of consistency of scores over time
B) measure of consistency of scores obtained from two equivalent halves of the same examination
C) measure of consistency with which a test measures a single construct/concept
D) measure of degree of agreement between two or more scores
Q3) Which of the following is not an assumption underlying testing and measurement?
A) Various approaches to measuring aspects of the same thing can be useful.
B) Error is rarely present in the measurement process.
C) Present day behavior predicts future behavior.
D) Testing and assessment benefit society.
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Chapter 9: Data Collection Methods
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Q1) Qualitative observation is usually done for exploratory purposes; it is also referred to as:
A) structures.
B) naturalistic.
C) complete.
D) probed.
Q2) You wish to construct a tool that will measure a subject's perception of a concept using pairs of adjectives reflecting opposite feelings. A good choice would be:
A) Guttman
B) Likert
C) Thurstone
D) semantic differential
Q3) Which of the following is true concerning observations?
A) It takes less time than self-report measures.
B) It costs less money than self-report measures.
C) It is often not possible to determine exactly why people behave the way they do.
D) all of the above
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Chapter 10: Analyzing Data
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Q1) How many dependent variables are used in simple linear regression?
A) one
B) two
C) two or more
D) three
Q2) What is the median for the following set of scores: 18, 6, 12, 10, 14?
A) 10
B) 14
C) 18
D) 12
Q3) The standard deviation is:
A) the square root of the variance.
B) a measure of variability.
C) an approximate indicator how numbers vary from the mean.
D) all of the above
Q4) If a distribution is skewed to the left, then it is ______.
A) negatively skewed
B) positively skewed
C) symmetrically skewed
D) symmetrical
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