Marriage and Family Studies
Exam Answer Key
Course Introduction
Marriage and Family Studies explores the dynamics, structures, and functions of families and intimate relationships within diverse cultural, historical, and social contexts. The course examines topics such as the formation of relationships, marriage and partnership trends, parenting roles, communication patterns, gender roles, and challenges families face, including divorce, conflict, and societal pressures. Students analyze theoretical perspectives and current research to better understand how individual development, socialization, and broader societal forces influence marriage and family life, equipping them with insights to address contemporary issues affecting family systems.
Recommended Textbook
Intimate Relationships 2nd Edition by
Thomas N. Bradbury
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846 Verified Questions
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Page 2
Chapter 1: Why Study Intimate Relationships?
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Sample Questions
Q1) In an e-mail to his girlfriend, Ulrich writes, ÒI feel as though my heart withers when I am away from you. Every moment I'm apart from you seems an eternity and I only feel alive when we are together.Ó What type of love does this exemplify?
A) companionate love
B) passionate love
C) idealistic love
D) consummate love
Answer: B
Q2) You participate in a study where researchers scan your brain using MRI technology while you look at a picture of your intimate partner. Researchers should see decreased activity in areas of your brain associated with:
A) positive emotions.
B) sympathy.
C) critical social judgments.
D) emotion regulation.
Answer: C
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3
Chapter 2: Tools of Relationship Science
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Q1) 13.When conducting research, it is critical to adhere to the highest ethical standards. Describe the two ethical principles discussed in your text and why it is important to adhere to them.
Answer: The first principle is respect for persons. This may mean not wasting participants' time collecting information about trivial matters or not utilizing (publishing) the data that have been collected. Making sure that participants understand what will be asked of them and providing them with all the information required to make an informed decision about whether to participate could be considered an example of this first principle, although it is not described as such in the text. A second principle is to protect participants from harm. This means protecting their confidentiality or, if possible, their anonymity in the research process and not causing them to experience distress because of the research process.
Q2) Which is an example of the Òshowing respect for personsÓ principle?
A) maintaining confidentiality
B) asking nontrivial questions
C) publishing only part of the data that couples have provided
D) not harming the research participants
Answer: B
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Page 4
Chapter 3: Theoretical Frameworks
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Sample Questions
Q1) Jorge and Tito have been married for several years. When he goes to bed, Tito leaves his socks lying on the bedroom floor, something that really bothers Jorge. Jorge asks Tito nicely to please put the socks in the laundry hamper, but it isn't until he has yelled at Tito about the socks that Tito actually does so. A social learning theorist would say that because Jorge has to resort to yelling before Tito responds, Jorge's nagging behavior has been reinforced in an example of:
A) escape conditioning.
B) negative reinforcement.
C) negative reciprocity.
D) coercion theory.
Answer: D
Q2) Which of the following is NOT a feature of theories?
A) Theories shape how we think.
B) Theories guide research.
C) Theories are equally accurate at explaining behavior.
D) Theories can be explicit or implicit.
Answer: C
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Chapter 4: Men and Women, Gay and Straight
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Q1) 7.Caleb and Dianne, along with thirty-nine other heterosexual couples, participate in a study of stress and partner social support. Each day, over the course of a week, they report on how much stress they experienced and how much partner support they received. Based on the textbook material about sex differences in the couple's interactions, what would you expect the results of this study to show?
Q2) Cierra and Ashleigh (a lesbian couple) are friends with Donald and Janelle (a heterosexual couple). Based on current knowledge outlined in the textbook about areas of difference between heterosexual and homosexual relationships, which of the following is most likely?
A) Donald and Janelle are more likely to be satisfied with their relationship than are Cierra and Ashleigh.
B) Cierra and Ashleigh are more likely to break up than are Donald and Janelle.
C) Donald and Janelle likely have sex less often than do Cierra and Ashleigh.
D) Cierra and Ashleigh are likely more accepting of sex outside the relationship than are Donald and Janelle.
Q3) 3.Based on the accumulated research on sex and intimate relationships, what can we conclude about differences between men and women?
Q4) 6.Describe the advantages of holding an androgynous sex role identity.
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Page 6
Chapter 5: Attraction and Mate Selection
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Q1) Why might Monica Lewinski have been willing to engage in an extramarital affair with President Bill Clinton?
A) Monica was looking for a long-term relationship; she thought Clinton might eventually leave his wife to be with her.
B) Although giving up long-term commitment, Monica gained access to one of the most powerful men in the world.
C) Because her parents argued a lot when she was young, Monica learned that long-term relationships are not worth pursuing.
D) Monica was coerced into engaging in the relationship.
Q2) 1.Distinguish attraction, romantic/sexual attraction, and mate selection from each other.
Q3) Which of the following is supported by research about complementarity?
A) We are attracted to people who possess qualities we lack.
B) Couples may adopt complementary patterns of behavior when they are together.
C) People report being more attracted to individuals who they think have personality traits that they themselves lack.
D) There is no evidence that complementarity is attractive.
Q4) 5.What is the mere exposure effect and what role does it play in attraction?
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Page 7
Chapter 6: Personality and Personal History
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Q1) 12.Barbara and Sean have been married 5 years; Barbara's parents divorced when she was 14, and Sean's parents are still married. Their friends, Ksenia and Eke, have been married 2 years; Ksenia's parents are still married, and Eke's parents divorced when he was 11. Both couples participate in a study about couple communication, where they are observed in the laboratory discussing relationship difficulties with their spouses. Based on the material in the textbook about communication patterns in couples with intact or divorced parents, how would you expect Barbara's, Sean's, Ksenia's, and Eke's communication patterns to differ?
Q2) Chantey is low in agreeableness. Her husband is likely to report that she:
A) can be argumentative but is considerate of his needs.
B) is very generous toward him and their children.
C) is far too trusting of strangers.
D) treats him condescendingly.
Q3) 6.You are asked to go on a daily show at a local radio station to discuss the effects of divorce on children. One of the presenters claim that children of divorce have considerably worse outcomes as adults compared to the adult children of intact marriages. How will you address this point on the show?
Q4) 4.Describe the dependency regulation model and the four key phases.
Q5) 14.Describe the dimensions of attachment anxiety and avoidance.
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Chapter 7: Communicating Closeness
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Q1) Following a transgression, becoming less angry and blaming is to ________ as acting warmly toward your partner is to ________.
A) intrapersonal; interpersonal
B) interpersonal; intrapersonal
C) silent forgiveness; hollow forgiveness
D) hollow forgiveness; silent forgiveness
Q2) Which of the following about sex and relationship functioning is true?
A) A good sexual relationship cannot offset the effects of poor communication on relationship satisfaction.
B) Sexual functioning in relationships tends to predict better relationship satisfaction.
C) Relationship quality has little or no effect on later sexual functioning.
D) Sexual frequency is more strongly linked than sexual satisfaction to relationship quality.
Q3) 10.Compare and contrast the processes of social support and capitalization and how they are related to relationship quality.
Q4) 11.Explain how the four capitalization responses to a positive partner disclosure are related to relationship intimacy.
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Chapter 8: Managing Differences
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Sample Questions
Q1) Jonathan and Gurmit have been married 10 years. What are they most likely to disagree about?
A) sex and money
B) money and communication
C) children and sex
D) children and communication
Q2) Which of the following is true of the research on situational couple violence? Situational couple violence:
A) is more often committed by men than by women.
B) can consist of emotional abuse, threats, and financial control.
C) occurs among distressed couples.
D) is best understood as a consequence of a deteriorating relationship.
Q3) Avery continually yells at Sue in a heated conflict and is not able to calm down. Sue, feeling cold and indifferent, does not respond and eventually leaves the room. This type of communication is called:
A) the reactivity hypothesis.
B) the negative reciprocity cycle.
C) the demand/withdraw pattern.
D) stress spillover.
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Page 10
Chapter 9: Beliefs and Values
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Q1) Perceptual confirmation is a process in which:
A) our beliefs shape our behavior toward others.
B) we act to bring about the experiences we expect to happen.
C) ambiguous experiences are perceived as being consistent with existing beliefs.
D) we react negatively to conflict in relationships.
Q2) Dion believes that what he does is unlikely to effectively bring about changes in his unhappy marriage and that he has little responsibility for what happens in his relationship. Dion has a(n):
A) insecure attachment style.
B) negative expectation.
C) internal locus of control.
D) external locus of control.
Q3) In intimate relationships, a standard can be conceptualized as:
A) an evaluative judgment.
B) an attitude.
C) a comparison level.
D) a comparison level for alternatives.
Q4) 5.What are standards in intimate relationships? How can we understand standards from a social exchange perspective?
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Chapter 10: Understanding Each Other
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Sample Questions
Q1) In a study by MacDonald and Ross (1999), friends, parents, and students were asked to predict how long the student's romantic relationship would last. Who was the LEAST accurate about the likelihood of the student's relationship lasting, and why?
A) Parents were the least accurate about the likelihood of the student's relationship lasting because they knew the least about the relationship.
B) Friends were the least accurate because they tend to see their own relationships as superior to the student's relationship.
C) Students were least accurate because they were in a deliberative mind-set.
D) Students were the least accurate because they may have an enhancement bias.
Q2) Kia is very unhappy in her relationship with Denny. She describes Denny as being unreliable and mean, and she belittles his intelligence. What is most likely operating in her views of Denny?
A) accommodation bias
B) sentiment override
C) confirmation bias
D) self-serving bias
Q3) 5.Explain assimilation and accommodation, and provide a relationship example of each.
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Chapter 11: Relationships in Context
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Q1) ________ is likely a member of Antonio's psychological network, and ________ is likely a member of Antonio's interactive network.
A) His hairdresser; his mother
B) His mother; his hairdresser
C) His hairdresser; his doctor
D) His doctor; his best friend
Q2) Sarita is extremely close to her older sister, Magdalena, and spends hours talking on the phone to her about every aspect of her life, including her marriage. Sarita's husband is not quite as thrilled about Sarita's close relationship with her sister, because Magdalena does not think that he is good enough for Sarita and takes every opportunity to let him know it. In this situation, Sarita's relationship with her sister would be considered:
A) a resource for Sarita and her husband.
B) a resource for Sarita but not for her husband.
C) a stressor for Sarita and her husband.
D) a stressor for Sarita but not for her husband.
Q3) 14.What are network density and network overlap, and how do they affect relationships?
Q4) 3.What is the fight-or-flight response?
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Chapter 12: Improving Relationships
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Q1) If you wanted to conduct an effectiveness study of integrative behavioral couples therapy, what would you do?
A) bring couples into the lab to receive treatment from graduate-level supervised therapists and evaluate change in relationship satisfaction from pre- to post-treatment
B) bring couples into the lab to receive either integrative behavioral couples therapy or emotionally focused couples therapy and compare outcomes in the two treatments
C) train therapists in the community to deliver integrative behavioral couples therapy and compare the outcomes to couples who receive treatment as usual in the community
D) train therapists in the community to deliver integrative behavioral couples therapy in a laboratory-based study and compare treatment outcomes to those obtained with graduate-level therapists
Q2) 3.You are an aide to the Secretary of Health and Human Services, and your first job is to prepare a brief on specific interventions to strengthen marriages. What three points will you include in your brief?
Q3) 11.Describe the stage model used in emotion-focused couples therapy.
Q4) 5.How are the psychodynamic and systems models of couples therapy different?
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Chapter 13: Relationships Across the Lifespan
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Q1) 3.Susan is studying children's development in college and is eager to try out with her own children, Mac and Ceilidh, what she is learning. Two-and-a half-year-old Mac listens intently as his mother tells a story about Joe and Sam. Joe has a toy truck, which he puts into a box and leaves the room. While he is gone, Sam takes the truck out of Joe's box and puts it into his own pail. Susan asks Mac, ÒWhen Joe comes back into the room, where will he look for his truck?Ó Mac replies, ÒIn Sam's pail.Ó Six-year-old Ceilidh is listening and says, ÒDon't be silly! Joe will look for the truck in the box.Ó Explain why Mac's and Ceilidh's answers to their mother's question differ.
Q2) Which of the following statements about losing a spouse or partner in later life is FALSE?
A) For couples who have spent most of their lives together, the death of one partner does predict an increased risk that the other partner will die also in the next few months.
B) Adjusting to the loss is easier when the relationship was satisfying than when the relationship was unsatisfying.
C) Losing a partner in later life is a significant risk for depression.
D) Adjusting to the loss is easier when the death was expected compared to when the death came suddenly.
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