Marketing in Asia-Pacific Exam Questions
Course Introduction
Marketing in Asia-Pacific explores the unique dynamics, opportunities, and challenges of marketing products and services within the diverse Asia-Pacific region. The course delves into the varying consumer behaviors, cultural influences, and business practices across key markets such as China, India, Japan, Southeast Asia, and Australia. Students will learn about market segmentation, branding, digital marketing strategies, and the adaptation of global marketing campaigns to local contexts. Through case studies and real-world examples, the course examines the impact of economic growth, technological change, and regional integration on marketing strategies, preparing students to effectively operate and compete in the rapidly evolving Asia-Pacific business environment.
Recommended Textbook
International Marketing An Asia Pacific Perspective 7th Edition by Richard Fletcher
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17 Chapters
1024 Verified Questions
1024 Flashcards
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Page 2
Chapter 1: Rationale for International Marketing
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Sample Questions
Q1) Explain how changes in the world trading environment, communication and transport and technology have facilitated international marketing.
Answer: Prior to World War II, many nations had discriminatory trading practices, including high tariffs or trade barriers. After World War II, efforts such as the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (now WTO) focused on liberalising world trade by, for example, reducing tariff and non-tariff barriers. The World Monetary Fund worked to overcome the limits on expanding liquidity imposed by an earlier reliance on gold and foreign exchange through its special drawing rights for settling transactions. The time and cost to transport goods has fallen substantially, making it possible to adequately serve foreign markets. Communication advances have allowed for electronic transmission of data and improved the ease and cost of staying in touch with overseas customers. The internet has made it easier to gather, analyse and disseminate information, creating marketspaces rather than marketplaces, allowing companies to access and service consumers around the world.
Q2) The small size of the domestic market is an example of a reactive-internal driver.
A)True
B)False
Answer: False
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Page 3
Chapter 2: Avoiding the Pitfalls of the International Political and Legal Environment
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Sample Questions
Q1) Government can play a variety of roles in the activities of business firms. The most extreme example of direct government involvement in a business operation is a:
A) partly privatised government business enterprise.
B) government-subsidised private company.
C) state trading company.
D) deregulated telecommunications industry.
E) national two-airline policy.
Answer: C
Q2) The combination of civic projects and investment activities will help a firm to manage the political risk in an overseas country.
A)True
B)False
Answer: True
Q3) Companies use the Delphi technique to determine political risk. The company brings a group of experts together in its offices and asks for their opinions.
A)True
B)False
Answer: False
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Chapter 4: Catering for the Social and Cultural Environment of International Marketing
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Sample Questions
Q1) During the opening stage of international negotiations, it is desirable to check that both sides have a common understanding of the topic of the negotiations.
A)True
B)False
Q2) For the most part, advocates of the etic approach identify cultural boundaries with political ones.
A)True
B)False
Q3) Collectivism plays a greater role in decision making in Western countries compared with Asian countries.
A)True
B)False
Q4) When negotiating, it is advisable to always make sure that you have a smaller team than the other party involved in the negotiations.
A)True
B)False
Q5) Explain psychic distance. What role does it play in international marketing?
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Chapter 5: Technology Change and International Marketing
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which of the following influence the ability of consumers to search for information or to transact online?
A) Government restriction of access to the internet for ideological reasons
B) Affordability of required infrastructure, hardware and software
C) Religious views on what is appropriate content
D) Reliable electricity and telephone services
E) All of the above
Q2) Currently, the most significant force transforming the international environment is:
A) tariff increases.
B) technology.
C) advertising.
D) product marketing.
E) none of the above.
Q3) Explain why integration of online and offline communication strategies is critical for international marketers.
Q4) The term 'triad' refers to three major geographical groups, Europe, North America and Japan.
A)True
B)False
Page 6
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Chapter 6: Contemporary Environmental Variables in International Marketing
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Sample Questions
Q1) What opportunities does the growth in environmental awareness and concern provide for international marketers? Discuss with examples.
Q2) Climate is the antecedent of cultural differences that in turn impact on the types of products suitable for international marketing.
A)True
B)False
Q3) Terrorism has a negative impact on the economic outlook and social attitudes of people globally. The impact of terrorism according to Enderwick (2001) can be categorised as:
A) primary impacts.
B) response-generated impacts.
C) uncertainty rating impacts.
D) options A, B and C.
E) options A and B only.
Q4) Ethical misbehaviour can take many forms including smuggling, child labour, coercion, nepotism and abuse of safety standards.
A)True
B)False
Page 7
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Chapter 7: Research in International Markets
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which of the following will contribute to the extra complexity that firms have to deal with in international research?
A) the logistics in the overseas market
B) the cultural and social structure in the foreign country
C) the stability of the host government
D) all of the above
E) options A and B only
Q2) Internet users are a representative sample of the population at large.
A)True
B)False
Q3) On the internet, consumers are faced with a truncated set of cues and absence of sensory cues, which leads to a greater reliance on objective cues such as price and product information.
A)True
B)False
Q4) Managing international research requires two key elements: selecting a market research agency and coordinating the market research.
A)True
B)False
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Chapter 8: International Market Selection and Entry
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Q1) Which of the following is NOT a theoretical explanation underlying strategic alliances?
A) resource dependence
B) transaction costs
C) strategic behaviour
D) relationship marketing
E) none of the above
Q2) Australian government assistance concentrates on imports and to a lesser degree on joint ventures.
A)True
B)False
Q3) E-business firms are more likely to enter markets that are culturally similar rather than traditional firms.
A)True
B)False
Q4) The entry mode of companies that are 'born global' is often dictated by the circumstances of the industry to which they belong.
A)True
B)False
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Chapter 9: International Competitive Strategy
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Sample Questions
Q1) Under Porter's three competitive strategies of cost leadership, differentiation and focus, it is not possible for a firm to have a combination of high differentiation strategy and focus strategy at the same time.
A)True
B)False
Q2) Discuss the trade-offs between standardisation and adaptation.
Q3) Companies that see threats as only emanating from producers or suppliers of the same service or product could be said to be suffering from competitor:
A) ignorance.
B) bias.
C) myopia.
D) currency.
E) substitution.
Q4) 'Competitor myopia' can cause a firm to miss the fact that a latent competitor may be more dangerous than any of its current competitors.
A)True
B)False
Q5) What is the purpose of value chain analysis? List its components.
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Chapter 10: Internationalization, Relationships and Networks
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Sample Questions
Q1) Explain how a firm's international corporate social responsibility is influenced by its international networks.
Q2) Discuss the different bonds or ties that create the interdependence between the different actors of the network model.
Q3) The virtual organisation is a special case of the network approach to internationalisation.
A)True
B)False
Q4) Host country market factors that encourage internationalisation include the large size of the market, niche opportunities and openness.
A)True
B)False
Q5) In Guanxi transactions come first followed by relationships.
A)True
B)False
Q6) A strategic alliance is a linked mode of market entry.
A)True
B)False
Page 11
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Chapter 11: Globalization
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Sample Questions
Q1) According to Yip (2003), which of the following is NOT a global strategy lever?
A)Global competitive moves
B)Global market participation
C)Global location of activities
D)Global marketing
E)Global telecommunications
Q2) Which of the following is NOT a benefit of global strategy?
A)Cost reduction
B)Improved product quality
C)Management and co-ordination costs
D)Increased competitive leverage
E)Enhanced customer preference
Q3) Outline the key trends in globalisation and give examples of companies that have taken advantage of these trends to expand their business.
Q4) The benefits of standardisation include cost savings, improved planning and control and consistency with customers.
A)True
B)False
Q5) Discuss the relationship between globalism and glocalisation.
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Chapter 12: Planning for Effective International Marketing
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Sample Questions
Q1) Outline the reasons internal to the firm suggested by Hooley et al. (2008) that can result in failure of marketing plans.
Q2) When considering inputs for a firm entering the international market there are three major areas to consider. These are:
A) resources of the firm, the firm's environment and the implementation.
B) the planning process, the performance monitoring and the firm's environment.
C) the planning process, the firm's environment and the resources of the firm.
D) resources of the firm, the planning process and the firm's environment.
E) the firm's environment, the implementation and the planning process.
Q3) A common excuse used by many firms for NOT undertaking planning is that:
A) the staff refuses to follow the plan.
B) it doesn't help the business.
C) the formality stifles creativity.
D) all of the above.
E) options A and B only.
Q4) Scenario planning only applies in domestic markets.
A)True
B)False
Q5) Discuss the emerging bases for global segmentation.
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Chapter 13: Modifying Products for International Markets
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Sample Questions
Q1) The five stages of the international product life cycle are:
A) local innovation, international innovation, maturity, worldwide imitation and reversal.
B) local innovation, early adoption, early majority, late majority and laggards.
C) early market, chasm, bowling alley, tornado, main street and decline.
D) early starter, late starter, maturity, lonely international and reversal.
E) early innovation, maturity, imitation, decline and reversal.
Q2) A product that is designed to meet the needs of market segments that are the same throughout the world is classified as a ________ product.
A) local
B) multinational
C) transnational
D) global
E) international
Q3) The phrase 'born global' is increasingly being used to describe firms that commence operations with a focus on their domestic market rather than on the global market.
A)True
B)False
Q4) Discuss the basic stages in the international product life cycle.
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Page 14
Chapter 14: International Pricing for Profit
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Sample Questions
Q1) From the overseas buyer's perspective, a cash-in-advance basis presents the HIGHEST level of payment risk.
A)True
B)False
Q2) How important are environmental factors in determining an international price structure? Illustrate your answer with examples taken from a specific country or product.
Q3) The role of price is an important element in a firm's international marketing mix because price will:
A) help to produce profit for the firm.
B) affect demand for a product.
C) generate revenue for the firm.
D) affect the perceived value of the product.
E) all of the above.
Q4) Explain how a business firm can utilise transfer pricing to gain benefit, and highlight any outcomes that might produce a negative result for any parties affected by the transfer pricing process.
Q5) Discuss the different approaches to international price setting and the importance of maintaining consistent pricing.
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Chapter 15: Promotion in International Marketing
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Sample Questions
Q1) Suggest arguments for and against the standardisation of advertising in international marketing. Provide examples to explain your answer.
Q2) In the management of promotional communication, problems to be solved include:
A)Copy strategy
B)Brand awareness
C)Availability of media
D)Buyer habits
E)All of the above
Q3) The four elements in the promotional mix are:
A)Advertising, direct marketing, personal selling, publicity
B)Advertising, public relations, personal selling, sales promotion
C)Broadcast media, print, cinema, outdoor
D)Television, radio, print, cinema
E)Advertising, point-of-sale, public relations, personal selling
Q4) Which of the following is a stage in the buyer's decision process:
A)Vendor and product purchase selection
B)Post-purchase evaluation
C)Information search
D)All of the above
E)Options A and B only
16
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Chapter 16: Effective International Distribution
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Sample Questions
Q1) Cultural issues include physical distance, perceptual distance and attitudinal distance between buyer and seller.
A)True
B)False
Q2) A distribution channel is useful in that it:
A)Makes a product or service available in a convenient location
B)Advises the public about the product and its attributes
C)Packages the product in a form that the customer can use
D)Makes the product available when the consumer wants it
E)All of the above
Q3) When selecting and managing a channel intermediary in another country, there are several guidelines a company should consider. Which of the below is NOT one of these guidelines?
A)Maintain control over the marketing strategy for your product
B)Select distributors rather than them selecting you
C)Look for distributors with a track record of developing markets rather than those with a few good contacts
D)Treat local distributors as short-term vehicles of convenience
E)Create links between each of your national distributors
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Page 17
Chapter 17: Marketing Services and Projects Overseas
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Sample Questions
Q1) Discuss the project cycle for an international project with reference to both the borrower and the lender.
Q2) As a general rule, there is a greater level of cultural sensitivity with services products than with tangible goods.
A)True
B)False
Q3) Developing countries are very influential in determining the nature of the aid offered by multilateral aid agencies.
A)True
B)False
Q4) Outline ways in which a firm may need to modify its services marketing approach when dealing with high as opposed to low-context cultures.
Q5) In the marketing and business management services sub-sector Australia's exports almost always exceed imports
A)True
B)False
Q6) How does the marketing of business services overseas differ from that of consumer goods services? Use examples to explain your answer.
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Chapter 18: International Marketing in the Decade Ahead
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Sample Questions
Q1) The economic shocks during the past few years, starting with the global financial crisis and the resulting global recession, have resulted in:
A)Lower levels of government debt
B)A reliance on the private sector to stimulate demand
C)A greater move towards globalisation and 'buy-global'
D)A return to protectionism by governments
E)All of the above
Q2) BOP consumers tend to have a 'just in time' philosophy regarding purchases.
A)True
B)False
Q3) In Africa, the use of road shows as a promotional tool has become widespread as a vehicle for firms to reach out to BOP markets.
A)True
B)False
Q4) Disproportionate income distribution is a common challenge in developed markets.
A)True
B)False
Q5) What the characteristics of the BOP market?
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