Marine Environmental Studies
Exam Materials
Course Introduction
Marine Environmental Studies explores the complex interactions within marine ecosystems and examines the impact of human activities on ocean environments. This course covers key topics such as oceanography, marine biodiversity, pollution, conservation strategies, and the effects of climate change on marine life. Students will analyze scientific methods used to study marine environments, evaluate current environmental policies, and consider sustainable practices that can protect ocean resources. Through case studies and practical examples, the course emphasizes the importance of preserving marine habitats for future generations.
Recommended Textbook
Essentials of Oceanography 10th Edition by Alan P. Trujillo
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16 Chapters
1029 Verified Questions
1029 Flashcards
Source URL: https://quizplus.com/study-set/2071
Page 2
Chapter 1: Introduction to Planet Earth
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62 Verified Questions
62 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) The scientific method includes all of the following <b<except</b>:
A) data collection.
B) evaluation of data.
C) hypothesis formation.
D) hypothesis testing.
E) validation of theory.
Answer: E
Q2) Production of the first free oxygen in the atmosphere caused organisms living at that time to flourish.
A)True
B)False
Answer: False
Q3) Choose the one option that does not fit the pattern.
A)autotrophic
B)chemosynthesizers
C)cyanobacteria
D)heterotrophs
E)sulfur bacteria
Answer: D
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Page 3
Chapter 2: Plate Tectonics and the Ocean Floor
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59 Verified Questions
59 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Moving from oceanic ridge to oceanic trench, the thickness of the lithosphere:
A) decreases in proportion to the distance.
B) is unrelated to the distance from the ridge.
C) increases in proportion to the distance.
D) randomly varies.
E) remains the same.
Answer: C
Q2) Choose the one option that does not fit the pattern.
A)Gondwanaland
B)Panamerica
C)Pangea
D)Panthalassa
E)Tethys Sea
Answer: B
Q3) rift valley
A)divergent plate boundary
B)convergent plate boundary
Answer: B
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Page 4
Chapter 3: Marine Provinces
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53 Verified Questions
53 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Hydrothermal vents have a significant impact on ocean chemistry.
A)True
B)False
Answer: True
Q2) All of the following are considered part of the continental margin <b>except </b>the:
A) continental rise.
B) continental shelf.
C) continental slope.
D) fracture zone.
E) submarine canyon. Answer: D
Q3) Trenches change their position over time.
A)True
B)False
Answer: True
Q4) The broadest continental shelves occur in the Arctic Ocean.
A)True
B)False Answer: True
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Chapter 4: Marine Sediments
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71 Verified Questions
71 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) The sediments that are produced in areas of high primary productivity are indicated by the number(s):
A) 1.
B) 2.
C) 3.
D) 2 & 3.
E) 3 & 4.
Q2) List the particle names and corresponding grain size, from smallest to largest, using the Wentworth scale of grain size.
Q3) oolites
A)terrigenous sediment
B)biogenous sediment
C)hydrogenous sediment
D)cosmogenous sediment
Q4) Calcareous shells will not accumulate on the ocean floor when the water depth exceeds about 4500 meters (around 15,000 feet).
A)True
B)False
Q5) Compare and contrast neritic and pelagic sediment deposits.
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Chapter 5: Water and Seawater
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57 Verified Questions
57 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) As a whole, the pH of the ocean is slightly alkaline.
A)True
B)False
Q2) Heat capacity of liquid water is 1 calorie per gram per degree C.
A)True
B)False
Q3) Seawater:
A) contains 30-35 parts per thousand salt ions.
B) contains chloride, sodium, sulfate, magnesium, calcium, and potassium ions.
C) dissolves oxygen more readily than carbon dioxide.
D) has the same proportion of salt ions world-wide irrespective of total salinity.
E) is 3.0 to 3.5% salt on average.
Q4) Choose the one option that does not fit the pattern.
A)latitude
B)pH
C)precipitation
D)salinity
E)temperature
Q5) List the major seawater constituents in decreasing concentration.
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Chapter 6: Air-Sea Interface
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58 Verified Questions
58 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) The best climate models indicate that Earth's average surface temperature has risen by 5°C in the last 100 years.
A)True
B)False
Q2) A mole of methane is able to absorb much more heat than one mole of carbon dioxide.
A)True
B)False
Q3) The Tropic of Capricorn is located at:
A) 0° longitude.
B) 23.5°N latitude.
C) 23.5°S latitude.
D) 30°N latitude.
E) 60°S latitude.
Q4) The trade winds can be found between 30° and 60°N and S latitudes.
A)True
B)False
Q5) An iceberg is a variety of sea ice.
A)True
B)False
Page 8
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Chapter 7: Ocean Circulation
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71 Verified Questions
71 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Deep water circulation in the Pacific Ocean is influenced by:
A) extreme cooling and the formation of Pacific Bottom Water.
B) hydrothermal vents from the East Pacific Rise.
C) sea ice formation and resulting increased salinity of surface water in the south Pacific.
D) the size of the Pacific basin.
E) the Southern Oscillation.
Q2) Thermohaline circulation is wind-driven.
A)True
B)False
Q3) Discuss the biological impact of upwelling and downwelling on marine ecosystems. Provide examples of marine systems that are impacted by these processes in your answer.
Q4) Choose the one option that does not fit the pattern.
A)California Current
B)Canary Current
C)Gulf Stream
D)North Atlantic Current
E)North Equatorial Current
Q5) Describe the circulation of deep ocean water.
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Chapter 8: Waves and Water Dynamics
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72 Verified Questions
72 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Deep water waves move faster than shallow water waves because they are not slowed by friction with the ocean bottom.
A)True
B)False
Q2) The diameter of a wave orbital at the surface is equal to:
A) wave height.
B) wave height/wavelength.
C) wavelength.
D) wavelength/wave period.
E) wave period.
Q3) A shallow water wave must form in water depth less than 100 meters.
A)True
B)False
Q4) A curling wave formed over an air pocket is called a plunging breaker.
A)True
B)False
Q5) Distinguish between wave <b>reflection, refraction,</b> and <b>diffraction</b>.
Q6) Describe the relationship between the following: wave height, wavelength, wave speed, and wave steepness.
Q7) Describe the formation of water waves from a still ocean surface.
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Chapter 9: Tides
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60 Verified Questions
60 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Spring tide occurs about:
A) once per month.
B) once per season.
C) once per year.
D) twice per month.
E) twice per year.
Q2) Choose the one option that does not fit the pattern.
A)full moon
B)neap tide
C)new moon
D)spring tide
E)syzygy
Q3) Neap tides occur:
A) at summer and winter solstice.
B) during a storm surge.
C) when the moon is full or new.
D) when the moon is at quadrature.
E) when the sun is at perihelion or aphelion.
Q4) Compare <b>diurnal, semidiurnal</b>, and </b>mixed tidal patterns.
Q5) Distinguish between <b>spring tides</b> and <b>neap tides</b>.
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Chapter 10: The Coast: Beaches and Shoreline Processes
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65 Verified Questions
65 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Why do coastlines tend to become more straight (linear) with time? Discuss the processes that contribute to the formation of a smooth coast.
Q2) Eustatic changes in sea level might include:
A) increased glacial and sea ice melting due to the global warming.
B) rise in sea level due to a large weight of glacier on a continental mass.
C) sinking of the crust due to large increases in sediment load.
D) uplift related to earthquake activity.
E) volcanic activity resulting in the formation of new continental crust.
Q3) The area of the barrier island complex that would contain thickets and woodlands would be the:
A) barrier flat.
B) dune.
C) high marsh.
D) lagoon.
E) low marsh.
Q4) An increase in the spreading rate at a mid-ocean ridge will cause a decrease in sea level.
A)True
B)False
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Chapter 11: The Coastal Oceans
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65 Verified Questions
65 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Reasons for loss of coastal wetlands include all of the following <b>except</b>:
A) agriculture.
B) coastal housing.
C) harvesting of mangroves for wood.
D) industrial development.
E) storm damage.
Q2) The two most significant sources of oil pollution in the marine environment are:
A) blow out accidents and urban run-off.
B) natural seeps and urban run-off.
C) normal oil tanker/shipping operations and urban run-off.
D) oil tanker and blowout accidents in marine coastal waters.
E) tar balls and oil tanker accidents.
Q3) Prevailing offshore winds produce coastal waters that:
A) are biologically diverse.
B) are cooler.
C) are identical to the open ocean.
D) have higher salinities.
E) have lower salinities.
Q4) How and by whom are marine natural resources regulated? Discuss the history of regulation and include in your answer the role of the United Nations.
Page 13
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Chapter 12: Marine Life and the Marine Environment
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72 Verified Questions
72 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Coastal waters that are highly productive tend to be:
A) brown in color.
B) colorless.
C) deep blue in color.
D) green in color.
E) light blue in color.
Q2) An organism that tolerates a wide range of salinities is referred to as:
A) euryhaline.
B) hypertonic.
C) hypotonic.
D) isotonic.
E) stenohaline.
Q3) Explain why the majority of marine organisms are benthic.
Q4) Which of the following associations is <b>incorrect</b>?
A) Kingdom Animalia - dolphins
B) Kingdom Fungi - mushrooms
C) Kingdom Monera - bacteria in hydrothermal vents
D) Kingdom Plantae - macroalgae
E) Kingdom Protista - phytoplankton
Q5) Distinguish between plankton, nekton, and benthos and give an example of each.
Page 14
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Chapter 13: Biological Productivity and Energy Transfer
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68 Verified Questions
68 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Identify the mismatched pair.
A) barnacles-whales
B) remora-shark
C) resurrection ferns-live oak trees
D) Spanish moss-live oak trees
E) zooxanthallae-coral
Q2) Productivity in polar oceans is:
A) light-limited.
B) nutrient-limited.
C) oxygen-limited.
D) light and nutrient-limited.
E) nutrient and oxygen-limited.
Q3) The distinction between a food chain and a food web is that a food chain describes a linear relationship among trophic levels whereas a food web describes the interconnected relationships among trophic structures in nature.
A)True
B)False
Q4) List the major taxonomic groups of marine primary producers and give an example of each.
Q5) Why do algal blooms frequently occur during spring and fall?
Page 15
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Chapter 14: Animals of the Pelagic Environment
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57 Verified Questions
57 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) All of the following are baleen whales<b> except</b>:
A) blue whales.
B) fin whales.
C) gray whales.
D) right whales.
E) sperm whales.
Q2) The California gray whale is unusual because it stirs up bottom sediment in order to feed.
A)True
B)False
Q3) The speed of a fish is closely related to its:
A) aspect ratio.
B) length.
C) number of fins.
D) size of tail.
E) width.
Q4) Red muscle fiber is abundant in cruisers, while white muscle fiber is abundant in lungers.
A)True
B)False
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Chapter 15: Animals of the Benthic Environment
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68 Verified Questions
68 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Within the intertidal zone, the area that receives equal amounts of air exposure and water coverage is indicated by the number:
A) 1.
B) 3.
C) 5.
D) 6.
E) 7.
Q2) Two frequent inhabitants of a rocky coast tide pool are:
A) buckshot barnacle and rockweed.
B) goose barnacle and mussel.
C) periwinkle snail and kelp.
D) sea anemone and hermit crab
E) sea stars and Ulva.
Q3) Temperature of ocean water has a significant affect on species diversity of benthic communities.
A)True
B)False
Q4) Coral reefs contain twenty-five percent of all marine species.
A)True
B)False
Page 17
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Chapter 16: The Oceans and Climate Change
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42 Verified Questions
42 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Decrease of summer ice cover in the Arctic Ocean has had a significant impact on Arctic wildlife.
A)True
B)False
Q2) The zone ocean where sound can travel extremely long distances is called the:
A) pycnocline.
B) SOFAR channel.
C) SONAR channel.
D) surface mix layer.
E) thermocline.
Q3) Discuss the idea that present day climate changes are part of a larger natural atmospheric cycle. Support your position with evidence from Chapter 16.
Q4) Natural causes for global climate change include all of the following <b>except</b>:
A) changes in solar input.
B) increase in elevation.
C) tectonic plate movement.
D) variation in the Earth's orbit.
E) volcanic activity.
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