Marine Environmental Science
Final Exam Questions
Course Introduction
Marine Environmental Science explores the physical, chemical, biological, and geological processes that shape marine environments and influence ocean ecosystems. This course covers the interactions between marine organisms and their environment, the impact of human activities on oceans, and contemporary challenges such as pollution, climate change, overfishing, and habitat destruction. Students will examine ecological principles, biogeochemical cycles, and conservation strategies, fostering an understanding of the importance of sustainable management and protection of marine resources. Through case studies and practical investigations, learners gain insight into current research and policy approaches addressing the health and future of the worlds oceans.
Recommended Textbook
Introduction to Marine Biology 4th Edition by George Karleskint
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Page 2
Chapter 1: Science and Marine Biology
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Sample Questions
Q1) For a scientific theory to enjoy broad acceptance by the scientific community it must:
A) be based on numerous observations.
B) have one or more hypotheses that have been tested and accepted.
C) be supported by an important scientist.
D) both a and b
E) both b and c
Answer: D
Q2) Charles Darwin
A)Voyage of the Beagle
B)American-led marine biology expeditions
C)Challenger expedition
D)expedition to the North Pole
Answer: A
Q3) Deductive reasoning
A)an orderly pattern of gathering and analyzing information
B)proposing general explanations from a few observations
C)proposing specific explanations from a general principle
Answer: C
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Chapter 2: Fundamentals of Ecology
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Sample Questions
Q1) Neuston is a term relating to small organisms of the:
A) intertidal zone.
B) benthic zone.
C) ocean surface.
D) abyssal zone.
E) aphotic zone.
Answer: C
Q2) The symbiotic relationship in which the symbiont benefits from the relationship but the host is neither harmed nor benefited is called:
A) mutualism.
B) parasitism.
C) commensalism.
D) competition.
E) niche interactivity.
Answer: C
Q3) The relationship between a predator and its prey is within the realm of interspecific competition.
A)True
B)False
Answer: False
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Chapter 3: Geology of the Ocean
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110 Verified Questions
110 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Transform boundary
A)layer between crust and mantle
B)where plates move toward each other
C)where plates move apart
D)where plates move laterally beside each other
Answer: D
Q2) Seamounts are formed from underwater volcanoes.
A)True
B)False
Answer: True
Q3) Seamount
A)rise up from abyssal plain
B)once above the seasurface
C)flat expanse
Answer: B
Q4) Bathygraphic features are features associated with land.
A)True
B)False
Answer: False
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Chapter 4: Water, Waves, and Tides
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Sample Questions
Q1) The concentration of CO<sub>2</sub> in the atmosphere is lower than its concentration in the oceans.
A)True
B)False
Q2) The property of water whereby molecules tend to stick to one another is called:
A) cohesion.
B) polarity.
C) dissolving ability.
D) adhesion.
E) viscosity.
Q3) Equatorial Counter Current
A)West to East
B)North to South
C)South to North
D)East to West
Q4) Surface tension allows water molecules to do all the following except:
A) transmit light energy.
B) resist evaporation.
C) form a tight surface layer.
D) support small organisms.
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Chapter 5: Biological Concepts
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Sample Questions
Q1) Cellular respiration occurs in the A) nucleus.
B) chloroplasts.
C) flagella.
D) mitochondria.
E) cell membranes.
Q2) The only source of variety and diversity in sexually reproducing organisms is through mutations.
A)True
B)False
Q3) Plasma membrane
A)protects DNA
B)energy powerhouse
C)selects what enters the cell
D)propels cell through liquids
Q4) Describe the four premises of Darwin's theory of evolution by natural selection.
Q5) In the context of population genetics, what is meant by the term "fitness?"
Q6) Briefly describe at least 4 levels of biological organization in organisms.
Q7) What are the shortcomings of the typological definition of species?
Q8) What is a gene? How are genes involved in the evolutionary process?
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Chapter 6: Marine Microbes
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Sample Questions
Q1) Bacteria reproduce by:
A) meiosis.
B) cell fusion.
C) binary fission.
D) cloning.
E) auxospore formation.
Q2) Tintinnids are examples of the following protozoans:
A) radiolarians.
B) ciliates.
C) diatoms.
D) foraminiferans.
E) dinoflagellates.
Q3) Virus replication only occurs
A) when conditions stress the virus.
B) at regular intervals.
C) inside a host cell.
D) outside of eukaryote cells.
E) when virus particles undergo binary fission.
Q4) Describe the feeding behavior and biology of amoeboid protozoans.
Q5) What is the importance of nitrogen-fixation to autotrophic organisms?
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Chapter 7: Multicellular Primary Producers
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Sample Questions
Q1) Brown algae can reach up to ____ meters in length.
A) 25
B) 50
C) 75
D) 100
E) 200
Q2) Some algae utilize calcium carbonate to:
A) deter herbivores.
B) aid in maintaining a proper pH balance.
C) assist in photosynthesis.
D) replace mucus.
E) prevent from freezing.
Q3) Coralline red algae have an outer covering made of:
A) cellulose.
B) calcium carbonate.
C) silica.
D) protein.
E) starch
Q4) How can seagrasses contribute to the building of the environment in which they live?
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Chapter 8: Lower Invertebrates
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Sample Questions
Q1) Cnidaria
A)Cilia for locomotion
B)Collar cells
C)Stinging cells
Q2) Sponges are considered:
A) animals.
B) plants.
C) fungi.
D) bacteria.
E) Archaea.
Q3) Polyp
A)Attached form
B)Larval form
C)Free floating larval and adult form
Q4) Cnidocytes are stinging cells that are characteristic of the phylum:
A) Porifera.
B) Annelida.
C) Echinodermata.
D) Cnidaria.
E) Ctenophora.
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Chapter 9: Higher Invertebrates
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Sample Questions
Q1) Mollusca
A)Exoskelton, jointed legs
B)Foot, mantle
C)Lancelets
Q2) Animals covered by eight overlapping shells on their dorsal surface are
A) chitons.
B) octopuses.
C) shrimp.
D) crabs.
E) lobsters.
Q3) Arthropods having two pairs of antennae belong to the subphylum:
A) Chelicerata.
B) Insecta.
C) Crustacea.
D) Pycnogonida.
E) Cirrepedia.
Q4) Snails, limpets and abalone are all gastropods.
A)True
B)False
Q5) Contrast the various functions of the mantle between Cephalopods and Gastropods.
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Chapter 10: Marine Fishes
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Sample Questions
Q1) Bony fish usually do not need to adjust pupil size because:
A) their eyelids protect their eyes from bright light.
B) the quantity of light is relatively low.
C) they can move their lens forward and backward.
D) a in conjunction with c
Q2) A bony fish that lives in the marine environment that was once thought to be extinct is the:
A) coelacanth.
B) African lung fish.
C) sturgeon fish.
D) mud skipper.
E) puffer fish.
Q3) The rectal gland of sharks is involved in the excretion of:
A) urea.
B) sodium chloride.
C) calcium and magnesium.
D) trimethyamine oxide.
E) carbon dioxide.
Q4) Explain how hagfish are still able to consume their dead or dying prey, even though hagfish lack jaws.
Page 12
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Chapter 11: Reptiles and Birds
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108 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Birds that spend most of their time aloft at sea are:
A) skuas.
B) gulls.
C) albatrosses.
D) pelicans.
E) puffins.
Q2) Sea Turtles
A)Worldwide in tropics and subtropics
B)Galapagos Islands
C)Coastlines in Australia, India, Asia
D)Tropical Indo-Pacific
Q3) Seabirds produce concentrated urine to remove salts from their bodies.
A)True
B)False
Q4) In marine birds, excess salts are removed by:
A) salt glands in the tongue.
B) salt glands above the eyes.
C) concentrated urine.
D) salt glands on the skin.
E) salt glands in the mouth.
Page 13
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Chapter 12: Marine Mammals
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Sample Questions
Q1) Whales
A)Fur
B)Fur and fat
C)Blubber
Q2) The food of most baleen whales consists of:
A) benthic invertebrates.
B) nektonic fishes.
C) algae.
D) plankton.
E) detritus.
Q3) In eared seals, the hindlimbs can rotate at right angles to the body and can be used for walking on land.
A)True
B)False
Q4) The structure used to amplify an elephant seal bull's roar is a(n):
A) inflated proboscis.
B) hallow tusk used as a horn.
C) sirenaphores.
D) blowhole.
E) melon.
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Chapter 13: Intertidal Communities
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Sample Questions
Q1) Supralittoral
A)intertidal zone
B)maritime zone
C)splash zone
Q2) Describe what constitutes a lichen. How do they obtain their nutrition? Where are they usually found in the rocky intertidal?
Q3) The pH of a tide pool can change dramatically over short time periods.
A)True
B)False
Q4) Protected
A)moderate
B)none
C)low
D)high
Q5) Very Protected
A)moderate
B)none
C)low
D)high
Q6) How do intertidal brown algae compete with barnacles and mussels for space?
Page 15
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Chapter 14: Estuaries
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Sample Questions
Q1) All are true of oyster reefs except
A) they are oriented perpendicular to currents.
B) they are concentrated in lower salinity areas.
C) they are important habitats for other organisms.
D) they are adversely affected by rapid changes in salinity.
E) they are increasing in the Chesapeake Bay.
Q2) Both osmoconformer and osmoregulator
A)Nereis polychaetes
B)tunicates
C)hermit crab
Q3) An example of a species that uses the estuary as a nursery ground is the:
A) Atlantic eel.
B) seal.
C) shad.
D) lobster.
E) tuna.
Q4) Estuaries are important nurseries because of the relatively low numbers of predators in these areas.
A)True
B)False
Page 16
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Chapter 15: Coral Reef Communities
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Sample Questions
Q1) Coral are capable of both sexual and asexual reproduction.
A)True
B)False
Q2) Wrasses
A)shelter
B)protective covering
C)cleaners
D)internal commensal
Q3) Hermatypic refers to:
A) reef building corals.
B) non-reef building corals.
C) gorgonians.
D) black corals.
E) sea fans and soft corals.
Q4) Soapfish
A)buries into sand
B)retreat into crevices for the night
C)sudsy mucus
D)mucus envelope
Q5) Explain 2 functions of the bright coloration of some coral reef dwellers.
Page 17
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Chapter 16: Continental Shelves and Neritic Zone
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Sample Questions
Q1) Stipe
A)slender stalk
B)attached to rocks
C)leaf-like blades
Q2) The benthic areas of continental shelf regions are dependent upon ____ for food.
A) phytoplankton
B) zooplankton
C) sinking detritus
D) attached algae
E) epifauna
Q3) Laminaria is the genus of kelp that dominates in:
A) the Pacific coast.
B) the South Atlantic.
C) the Tropical Pacific.
D) the North Atlantic.
E) the Indian Ocean.
Q4) Infauna
A)live in spaces between sediment particles
B)live on the surface sediments
C)burrow in the sediments
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Chapter 17: The Open Sea
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which organism is considered part of the nekton?
A) frigate bird
B) penguin
C) cormorant
D) snowy plover
E) albatross
Q2) Megaplanktonic molluscs without a shell are called:
A) cephalopods.
B) thecosome pteropods.
C) gymnosome pteropods.
D) nudibranchs.
E) oceanic limpets.
Q3) Microplankton
A)2.0 mm
B)0.02 mm
C)200 mm
D)20 mm
Q4) Marine snow is an important source of food for many pelagic organisms.
A)True
B)False
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Chapter 18: Life in the Oceans Depths
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Sample Questions
Q1) The base of the food web of deep-sea vent communities are:
A) chemosynthetic bacteria.
B) cyanobacteria.
C) dinoflagellates.
D) deep-sea algae.
E) benthic diatoms.
Q2) Black smokers produce a fluid rich in:
A) copper sulfides.
B) iron sulfides.
C) zinc sulfides.
D) magnesium sulfides.
E) sodium chloride.
Q3) Transatlantic cable
A)Philippine Trench
B)Challenger Deep
C)depths below the photic zone
Q4) Trieste
A)Philippine Trench
B)Challenger Deep
C)depths below the photic zone
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Chapter 19: Harvesting the Oceans Resources
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Sample Questions
Q1) Compared to the Asian fisheries industry, the U.S. fishing industry efficiently utilizes almost all of the fish catch and almost all parts of a fish.
A)True
B)False
Q2) All of the following are minerals commonly obtained from the seawater except:
A) manganese.
B) bromine.
C) gold.
D) sulfides.
E) chlorides.
Q3) Avoid
A)mahi-mahi
B)salmon-natural caught
C)farmed Atlantic salmon
Q4) Consumers of fish and fish products can promote sustainable fisheries by A) purchasing fish at the lowest cost.
B) not buying monkfish, orange roughy, and Atlantic salmon.
C) making wise purchasing decisions.
D) both b and c
Q5) Describe at least 3 effects of mangrove destruction on marine habitats.
Page 21
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Chapter 20: Oceans in Jeopardy
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which of the following is the greatest effect of oil on marine mammals and birds?
A) It is toxic to these animals.
B) It clogs their feeding structures.
C) It causes them to lose their insulation, leading to death by hypothermia.
D) It kills their food source.
E) It suffocates them.
Q2) The community effect of oil pollution is
A) increased biomass.
B) reduced diversity.
C) longer food chains.
D) increased trophic complexity.
E) greater stability.
Q3) Greenhouse gases are associated with all except:
A) global warming.
B) coral bleaching.
C) cooling of Arctic waters.
D) sea level rise.
E) melting of glaciers.
Q4) What are some ways of reducing plastic pollution in the ocean?
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