Marine Environmental Science Exam
Questions
Course Introduction
Marine Environmental Science explores the physical, chemical, biological, and geological processes that shape marine ecosystems and influence the health of our oceans. The course examines the interactions between marine organisms and their environments, focusing on issues such as ocean pollution, climate change, biodiversity, and the impact of human activities on marine resources. Students will gain an understanding of ocean circulation, marine food webs, coastal environments, and the tools used to monitor and manage marine environments, preparing them to address current challenges and contribute to the conservation and sustainable use of marine resources.
Recommended Textbook
Introduction to Marine Biology 4th Edition by George Karleskint
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Page 2
Chapter 1: Science and Marine Biology
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Sample Questions
Q1) The oceans cover less than half of the earth's surface.
A)True
B)False
Answer: False
Q2) The thinking process of proposing a general explanation from individual observations is called:
A) scientific method.
B) deductive reasoning.
C) logical reasoning.
D) inductive reasoning.
E) logical-positivist reasoning.
Answer: D
Q3) A marine biologist observes that Mako sharks, flying fish, and salmon leap out of the water. An example of induction from these observations is:
A) only some fishes can leap out of the water.
B) all fishes leap out of the water.
C) fishes leap out of the water to escape from predators.
D) leaping out of water is often used in feeding.
E) these fish must be closely related.
Answer: B
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Chapter 2: Fundamentals of Ecology
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Sample Questions
Q1) Solutes are the liquid in which solid substances are dissolved.
A)True
B)False
Answer: False
Q2) predator
A)herbivore
B)carnivore
C)producer
Answer: B
Q3) A population growth pattern that reaches a certain level is described with a(n)
A) logarithmic equation.
B) exponential equation.
C) logistic equation.
D) J -shaped curve.
E) quadratic equation.
Answer: C
Q4) An organism's niche can be described in terms of abiotic and biotic factors.
A)True
B)False
Answer: True
Page 4
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Chapter 3: Geology of the Ocean
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Sample Questions
Q1) Lithosphere
A)liquid mantle
B)upper mantle and crust
C)floats on the mantle
Answer: B
Q2) Inner Core
A)dense, hot, rich in iron and nickel
B)granite or basalt
C)magnesium - iron silicates
Answer: A
Q3) Midocean ridges form:
A) anywhere in the middle of the ocean.
B) in subduction zones.
C) where oceanic crust is cracked and magma is emerging.
D) in deep ocean trenches.
Answer: C
Q4) Latitude lines are referred to as parallels because they parallel one another.
A)True
B)False
Answer: True
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Chapter 4: Water, Waves, and Tides
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Sample Questions
Q1) In terms of gas solubility in sea water, what is the correct relationship?
A) Carbon dioxide > oxygen > nitrogen
B) Oxygen > carbon dioxide > nitrogen
C) Nitrogen > carbon dioxide > oxygen
D) Carbon dioxide > nitrogen > oxygen
E) Oxygen > nitrogen > carbon dioxide
Q2) Carbon dioxide
A)20.99%
B)0.03%
C)78.08%
Q3) Deep water waves move through water having a depth that is deeper than ____ the wavelength of the wave.
A) 1 / 20
B)1 / 3
C) 1 / 2
D) 2 / 3
E) 3 / 4
Q4) Plunging waves typically occur on very gently sloping coastlines.
A)True
B)False
Page 6
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Chapter 5: Biological Concepts
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Sample Questions
Q1) Messenger RNA is:
A) information copied or transcribed from DNA.
B) comprised of rRNA.
C) comprised of tRNA.
D) referenced by DNA.
E) used by cells to communicate with each other.
Q2) Organisms classified in the same genus share similar characteristics of morphology and are believed to have a common ancestor.
A)True
B)False
Q3) A eukaryote cell has all these features except
A) membrane-bound organelles.
B) it lacks a nucleus.
C) cytosol.
D) it is often associated with other cells to form a multi-cellular organism.
E) numerous chromosomes.
Q4) Lactose
A)glucose & fructose
B)basic fuel for living cells
C)glucose & glucose
Page 7
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Chapter 6: Marine Microbes
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Sample Questions
Q1) A viral lytic cycle is characterized by:
A) rapid infection and emergence.
B) rapid infection, replication of nucleic acids and proteins, assembly of virions and release by rupture.
C) a virus remaining in the host cell then being released.
D) a viral nucleic acid being inserted into the host genome and possibly residing through multiple cell divisions prior to lytic.
Q2) Briefly explain why viruses are not considered living organisms.
Q3) A virus with a capsid with twenty triangular faces is called:
A) icosahedral.
B) helical.
C) binal.
D) filamentous.
E) dodecahedral.
Q4) Describe the feeding behavior and biology of amoeboid protozoans.
Q5) Based on your knowledge of the distribution of CO<sub>2</sub> in the marine environment and the pattern of pressure with depth, explain why calcium carbonate deposits of coccolithophores and foraminiferans are not found below 5000 m.
Q6) What is diatomaceous earth? How is it used commercially?
Page 8
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Chapter 7: Multicellular Primary Producers
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Sample Questions
Q1) What is the dominant photosynthetic pigment found in all types of algae?
A) Chlorophyll b
B) Chlorophyll c
C) Chlorophyll a
D) Phycoerythrin
E) Chlorophyll d
Q2) Marsh plants
A)pollinated by the wind
B)disperses with floating propagules
C)hydrophilous pollination
Q3) Green algae
A)gametangia
B)tetrasporophyte
C)zygote
Q4) Mangrove
A)food source for insects
B)habitat for nesting birds
C)covered with epiphytes
Q5) What are two functions of mucilage in algae?
Q6) Outline at least 3 ecological roles of marine flowering plants.
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Chapter 8: Lower Invertebrates
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Sample Questions
Q1) Ribbon worms (phylum Nemertea) primarily feed on sediment, as earthworms do.
A)True
B)False
Q2) Porifera
A)Gastrovascular cavity
B)Stylet
C)Spongocoel
Q3) Cnidarians that exhibit only the polyp stage in their life cycle are:
A) hydrozoans.
B) scyphozoans.
C) cubozoans.
D) anthozoans.
E) bryozoans.
Q4) Cnidarian
A)Gastrovascular cavity
B)Stylet
C)Spongocoel
Q5) Ctenophores are lined with 10 rows of long tentacles used for locomotion.
A)True
B)False
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Chapter 9: Higher Invertebrates
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Sample Questions
Q1) Sea stars
A)Bilateral flattened
B)Five arms attach to central region
C)Radial oval test
D)Five arms attach to a round central disk
Q2) Lancelets
A)Eel-like infauna
B)Sessile epifauna
C)Barrel-shaped, transparent plankton
Q3) Nacreous
A)inner layer
B)outer layer
C)middle layer
Q4) Arthropoda
A)Exoskelton, jointed legs
B)Foot, mantle
C)Lancelets
Q5) Sea urchins are mostly carnivores.
A)True
B)False
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Chapter 10: Marine Fishes
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Sample Questions
Q1) What are 2 pieces of anatomical evidence that lead ichthyologists to consider that sturgeons are a fairly old group of fishes?
Q2) The claspers of cartilaginous fishes are used for:
A) clasping onto prey.
B) clasping onto the sediment.
C) reproduction.
D) propulsion.
E) balance.
Q3) Tuna
A)flattened
B)snakelike bodies
C)fusiform
D)globular
Q4) Explain how hagfish are still able to consume their dead or dying prey, even though hagfish lack jaws.
Q5) Sharks are positively buoyant in seawater.
A)True
B)False
Q6) How does human activity drastically affect the reproductive success of salmon?
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Q7) How are the eyes of sharks well adapted to the environment in which they live?
Chapter 11: Reptiles and Birds
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Sample Questions
Q1) Marine iguanas feed mostly on:
A) mussels.
B) epibenthic invertebrates.
C) small fish.
D) algae.
E) infaunal invertebrates.
Q2) Marine Iguana
A)Worldwide in tropics and subtropics
B)Galapagos Islands
C)Coastlines in Australia, India, Asia
D)Tropical Indo-Pacific
Q3) A common short, plump, shore bird with a worldwide distribution is the:
A) turnstone.
B) pelican.
C) avocet.
D) plover.
E) puffin.
Q4) What are 3 adaptations of penguins for living in the sea?
Q5) Reptiles and birds differ from amphibians in that they lack a free larval stage. What adaptation allowed the elimination of this stage?
Page 13
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Chapter 12: Marine Mammals
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Sample Questions
Q1) Tail Cocking
A)marking a position
B)unknown
C)aggressive behavior
Q2) Northern Manatee
A)endangered
B)extinct
C)population size 1.8 million
D)population size 22,000
Q3) The only cetaceans known to feed on warm-blooded animals are the:
A) sperm whales.
B) bottlenose dolphins.
C) killer whales.
D) porpoises.
E) minke whales.
Q4) Beluga Whale
A)squid
B)crabs, cuttlefish, flounder and halibut
C)krill
Q5) Compare sirenians and cetaceans, describing 4 ways that they are similar.
Page 14
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Chapter 13: Intertidal Communities
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Sample Questions
Q1) The rough periwinkles protect exposure of eggs by
A) producing planktonic eggs inside jelly coats.
B) attaching gelatinous egg masses to large algae.
C) retaining the eggs in the mantle cavity.
D) providing a protective membrane around the eggs.
E) dispersing them into the water column.
Q2) During winter months in temperate environments organisms can die from:
A) high rain fall.
B) freezing.
C) low sunlight.
D) increased predation.
E) increased pH level.
Q3) Supralittoral isopods
A) must have some salt water cover daily.
B) would drown if placed in water.
C) return to the sea to lay eggs.
D) have pseudogills.
E) prey on barnacles.
Q4) What are at least 3 adaptations that rocky intertidal organisms have for withstanding wave shock?
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Chapter 14: Estuaries
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Sample Questions
Q1) Estuaries tend to be well supplied in the following limiting nutrient(s) of the open ocean:
A) phosphorus.
B) nitrogen and silica.
C) phosphorus and silica.
D) nitrogen and phosphorus.
E) carbon and oxygen.
Q2) Seagrasses are usually consumed directly by grazers in estuaries.
A)True
B)False
Q3) When dense seawater sinks below lighter fresh water we observe a condition called:
A) downwelling.
B) salt wedge.
C) tidal overmixing.
D) upwelling.
E) convection current.
Q4) What properties of estuaries make them highly productive areas?
Q5) Why are estuarine environments ideal locations for the development of juveniles of many species of marine animals?
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Chapter 15: Coral Reef Communities
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Sample Questions
Q1) Parrotfishes
A)defending territories
B)indicates sex
C)warning coloration
D)cryptic coloration
E)color changes between day and night
Q2) Coral reefs form in areas where seawater temperatures average no less than:
A) 10° C.
B) 18° C.
C) 30° C.
D) 40° C.
E) 45° C.
Q3) Lionfish
A)defending territories
B)indicates sex
C)warning coloration
D)cryptic coloration
E)color changes between day and night
Q4) What role do zooxanthellae play in the reef-building process?
Q5) How do calcareous green and red algae contribute to the reef building process?
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Chapter 16: Continental Shelves and Neritic Zone
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Sample Questions
Q1) Gribbles
A)feed on other molluscs
B)damage kelp by burrowing into holdfast
C)builds fecal mounds
Q2) The pattern of larval settlement depends on all except:
A) light levels.
B) currents.
C) predation.
D) type of bottom substrate.
Q3) the giant kelp Macrocystis
A)live in spaces between sediment particles
B)live on the surface sediments
C)burrow in the sediments
Q4) One commercially important species that is a resident of kelp forests is the A) abalone.
B) mussel.
C) cowrie.
D) lobster.
E) sea anemone.
Q5) Describe 3 adaptations of benthic fishes for living on the continental shelf.
Page 18
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Chapter 17: The Open Sea
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Sample Questions
Q1) What is micropatchiness, and what factors give rise to micropatchiness in the open sea?
Q2) Holoplankton
A)entire life in water column
B)part of life in water column
C)animals live at or near the surface
Q3) All the following are used to classify plankton except:
A) taxonomic groups.
B) functional groups.
C) life history.
D) light spectrum requirements.
E) size.
Q4) Squids are dominant nektonic predators in the open ocean.
A)True
B)False
Q5) Picoplankton
A)0.02 \(\mu\)m
B)2.0 \(\mu\)m
C)0.2 \(\mu\)m
Q6) What is meant by the terms "holoplankton" and "meroplankton"?
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Chapter 18: Life in the Oceans Depths
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Sample Questions
Q1) Vampire squid are actually octopuses.
A)True
B)False
Q2) In the twilight zone (150-450 meters) bioluminescence is primarily used for
A) mate selection.
B) detecting prey.
C) locating prey.
D) countershading.
E) species recognition.
Q3) Bacteria
A)primary consumers
B)primary producers
C)secondary consumers
Q4) The base of the food web in the deep sea is:
A) phytoplankton.
B) algae.
C) seagrasses.
D) sinking dead matter.
E) viruses.
Q5) Describe at least 3 functions of bioluminescence in deep-sea fishes.
Page 20
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Chapter 19: Harvesting the Oceans Resources
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Sample Questions
Q1) Avoid
A)mahi-mahi
B)salmon-natural caught
C)farmed Atlantic salmon
Q2) Resources derived from microorganisms
A)oil and gas
B)renewable resources
C)non-renewable resources
Q3) Coal
A)decomposition with cold water
B)plant origin
C)microorganism origin
Q4) Fishing populations to low levels can cause a species to
A) relocate to distant locations.
B) migrate out of the area.
C) switch their prey items.
D) become ecologically extinct.
E) increase its reproductive rate.
Q5) Give an example of how knowledge of the biology and life history of a particular fishery could help in the management of that fishery?
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Chapter 20: Oceans in Jeopardy
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Sample Questions
Q1) Filter feeders
A)presence indicates sewage pollution
B)concentrate hepatitis viruses
C)mercury poisoning, DDT and PCBs
Q2) Pollution in the coastal area has led to
A) sea level rise.
B) an increase in upwelling.
C) a decrease in economic and recreational value.
D) a decrease in upwelling.
E) increases in fishery landings.
Q3) Wetland destruction
A)land runoff
B)jetties, breakwaters
C)draining and filling
Q4) The largest volumetric component of trash collected on beaches will likely be:
A) metal.
B) plastic.
C) medical waste.
D) glass.
E) cigarette butts.
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