Course Introduction
Marine Conservation Pre-Test Questions
Marine Conservation explores the principles, practices, and challenges involved in preserving marine ecosystems and biodiversity. The course examines the impacts of human activities such as overfishing, pollution, and climate change on ocean life, and discusses tools for managing and restoring marine habitats. Students will learn about marine protected areas, species conservation strategies, policy and governance frameworks, and community-based approaches to sustainable oceans. Through case studies and current research, the course highlights the importance of science-based management and global cooperation for the long-term health of marine environments.
Recommended Textbook Marine Biology 9th Edition by Peter Castro
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19 Chapters
595 Verified Questions
595 Flashcards
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Page 2
Chapter 1: The Science of Marine Biology
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Sample Questions
Q1) The first marine laboratory in the world was established in:
A)Russia.
B)England.
C)France.
D)Italy.
E)Japan.
Answer: D
Q2) The first marine laboratory established in the U.S.was:
A)Friday Harbor Marine Laboratory in Washington.
B)Scripps Institution of Oceanography in California.
C)Marine Biological Laboratory at Woods Hole,Massachusetts.
D)Smithsonian Institution in Washington.
E)Hopkins Marine Station in California.
Answer: C
Q3) When can a hypothesis be accepted as absolutely 100% true?
A)After one experiment or observation
B)After ten experiments or observations
C)After numerous experiments or observations over many years
D)Never
Answer: D
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Chapter 2: The Sea Floor
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which of the following is true about lithospheric plates?
A)Only contain continental crust
B)Only contain oceanic crust
C)Collide with one another at the mid-ocean ridge
D)Float on the upper mantle
E)Are directly connected with the inner core of the earth
Answer: D
Q2) The world's largest and deepest ocean is:
A)Atlantic Ocean.
B)Arctic Ocean.
C)Indian Ocean.
D)Antarctic Ocean.
E)Pacific Ocean. Answer: E
Q3) The thinnest layer of the earth is the:
A)Inner core.
B)Outer core.
C)Crust.
D)Mantle. Answer: C
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Chapter 3: Chemical and Physical Features of Seawater
and the World Ocean
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Sample Questions
Q1) The Coriolis effect is the direct result of one of the following:
A)Temperature.
B)Gravitational pull of the sun.
C)Ocean currents.
D)Rotation of the earth.
E)Wind.
Answer: D
Q2) Salinity of seawater increases:
A)With an increase in rain.
B)Near the mouth of rivers.
C)Around ice as it melts in spring.
D)With a decrease in depth.
E)As evaporation increases.
Answer: E
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5
Chapter 4: Fundamentals of Biology
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Sample Questions
Q1) All of the following are examples of asexual reproduction except:
A)Fission.
B)Fertilization.
C)Plants sending out "runners".
D)Budding.
E)Cell division.
Q2) All of the following are subcellular organelles except:
A)Endoplasmic reticulum.
B)DNA.
C)Nucleus.
D)Mitochondria.
E)Chloroplasts.
Q3) Which of the following statements regarding bacteria is NOT true?
A)Bacteria are prokaryotic
B)Bacteria are eukaryotic
C)Bacteria lack a nucleus
D)Bacteria can be photosynthetic
E)Bacteria have cell walls
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6
Chapter 5: The Microbial World
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which of the following can be dangerous to human health?
A)Diatoms
B)Dinoflagellates
C)Radiolarians
D)All answers are correct
E)Diatoms and Dinoflagellates only
Q2) Generally the dominant group of planktonic primary producers in cold water:
A)Foraminiferans.
B)Silicoflagellates.
C)Dinoflagellates.
D)Photosynthetic bacteria.
E)Diatoms.
Q3) Red tides are caused mostly by: A)Diatoms.
B)Foraminiferans.
C)Dinoflagellates.
D)Red seaweeds.
E)Radiolarians.
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7
Chapter 6: Multicellular Primary Producers: Seaweeds and Plants
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Sample Questions
Q1) Macroalgae/seaweeds can be best differentiated from true plants because macroalgae/seaweeds:
A)Are photosynthetic.
B)Are prokaryotic.
C)Have no true roots,leaves,or stems.
D)Have no chlorophyll.
E)Are mostly unicellular.
Q2) The stem-like structure of a macroalgae/seaweed such as kelp is called the: A)Blade.
B)Pneumatocyst.
C)Stipe.
D)Holdfast.
E)Thallus.
Q3) Which of the following areas are associated with myths and legends of sea monsters and ghost ships?
A)The California kelp forrests
B)The salt marshes of the Middle Atlantic states
C)The Sargasso Sea
D)Mangrove forests along the Amazon River delta
Page 8
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Chapter 7: Marine Animals Without a Backbone
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Sample Questions
Q1) All cnidarians share all of these features except one:
A)Nematocysts.
B)Multicellular.
C)Radial symmetry.
D)Complete digestive tract with mouth and anus.
E)Marine and fresh-water.
Q2) Flatworms are characterized by having:
A)Radial symmetry.
B)A central nervous system.
C)Tentacles used for filter feeding.
D)Nematocysts.
E)A complete digestive tract.
Q3) Sponges and all filter feeders use the following as a food source:
A)Invertebrates only.
B)All particulate matter suspended in water.
C)Particulate matter that deposits on the bottom only.
D)Dead vertebrates.
E)Vegetable matter only in the water.
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9
Chapter 8: Marine Fishes
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Sample Questions
Q1) A group behavior that is much more common in bony fish than cartilaginous fish is:
A)Territoriality.
B)Homing.
C)Schooling.
D)Migration.
Q2) In many sharks,extra buoyancy is provided by the:
A)Dorsal fin.
B)Swim bladder.
C)Liver.
D)Mouth.
E)Gills.
Q3) The caudal fin of sharks is located on:
A)At the tail end.
B)Dorsal surface close to the tail.
C)Ventral surface close to the tail.
D)Ventral surface close to the mouth.
E)Dorsal surface close to the mouth.
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10
Chapter 9: Marine Reptiles, Birds, and Mammals
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Sample Questions
Q1) One of the following is not an adaptation for deep diving in cetaceans:
A)Having more red blood cells to store more oxygen
B)Having more hemoglobin to store more oxygen
C)Slowing down of heart rate
D)Lower tolerance to lactic acid
E)Having a lot of myoglobin in muscles to store more oxygen
Q2) The humpback and other baleen whales migrate every year to:
A)Feed in Antarctica during winter
B)Reproduce in Antarctica during summer
C)Reproduce in the tropics during winter
D)Feed in the tropics during winter
E)Feed in the tropics during summer
Q3) We can tell that cetaceans are mammals because they:
A)Have hair and produce milk
B)Are cold-blooded
C)Are ovoviviparous
D)Must reproduce in the water
E)Migrate
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Chapter 10: An Introduction to Marine Ecology
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Sample Questions
Q1) Besides fixation by photosynthesis a large amount of carbon dioxide may be deposited in the oceans in the chemical form of:
A)Nucleic acids.
B)Calcium carbonate.
C)Lipids.
D)Carbonic acid.
Q2) A fundamental role of decomposers:
A)Releasing nutrients to be used by autotrophs.
B)Causing diseases.
C)Providing food for carnivores.
D)Releasing oxygen.
E)Providing energy for autotrophs.
Q3) Exponential growth in a population may be slowed as a result of:
A)Reduction in light.
B)Reduction of nutrients.
C)Increase of predators.
D)Reduction in light and Reduction of nutrients only.
E)Reduction of nutrients and Increase of predators only.
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12
Chapter 11: Between the Tides
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Sample Questions
Q1) One organism typical of the upper intertidal on rocky shores:
A)Bottom fish.
B)Barnacles.
C)Sponges.
D)Sea anemones.
E)Periwinkles.
Q2) The sessile epifauna consists of:
A)Attached seaweeds.
B)Pelagic organisms.
C)Burrowing animals.
D)Animals that crawl over bottom.
E)Attached animals.
Q3) One of these organisms is typically a very rare component of soft-bottom intertidal communities:
A)Burrowing organisms.
B)Detritus feeders.
C)Seaweeds.
D)Infauna.
E)Deposit feeders.
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Page 13
Chapter 12: Estuaries: Where Rivers Meet the Sea
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Sample Questions
Q1) The greatest importance of estuaries to the entire world oceanic ecosystem is as:
A)Reservoirs for nutrients.
B)Breeding grounds for many marine species.
C)Sources of freshwater for dilution of salinity.
D)Buffers against storm surge for man-made structures.
E)Discharge areas for human waste products.
Q2) Outwelling in estuaries is most important since it:
A)Maintains high primary production.
B)Provides living space to many species.
C)Releases much oxygen.
D)Provides food and nutrients to other communities.
E)Allows plants to survive despite wide fluctuations in salinity.
Q3) The infauna of mud flats feeds mostly on:
A)Epifauna.
B)Sulfur bacteria.
C)Filter feeders.
D)Plankton.
E)Detritus.
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Chapter 13: Life on the Continental Shelf
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which of the following factors is most likely to have an effect on the global distribution of organisms on the continental shelf?
A)Stratification of water
B)Oxygen
C)Nutrients
D)Temperature
E)Turbulence
Q2) Sea weed species with increased photosynthetic pigments for life in deeper waters are found in:
A)Red algae.
B)Brown algae.
C)Green algae.
D)All answers are correct.
E)Red algae and Brown algae only.
Q3) Most of the sediment over the continental shelf consists of:
A)Siliceous ooze.
B)Calcareous ooze.
C)Lithogenous.
D)Biogenous.
E)A mixture of siliceous and calcareous ooze.
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Chapter 14: Coral Reefs
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Sample Questions
Q1) Atolls actually start as a:
A)Fringing reef.
B)Barrier reef.
C)Semi-circular or half-moon shaped atoll.
D)Coral knoll.
E)Reef flat.
Q2) Zooxanthellae are essential to reef-building corals because they:
A)Provide the coral with carbon dioxide.
B)Filter-out harmful solar radiation.
C)Provide the coral with protection from predators.
D)Release mucus.
E)Help in the deposition of the calcium-carbonate skeleton.
Q3) Planula is the name given to:
A)The coral polyp.
B)Zooxanthellae.
C)Corals that do not build reefs.
D)Coral larvae.
E)The coral skeleton.
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Chapter 15: Life Near the Surface
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which of the following adaptations is least likely to be seen in epipelagic fish?
A)Stiff fins
B)Smooth,scaleless body
C)Increased white muscle
D)Grove in body for fins
E)Eyes flush with body
Q2) The most common limiting nutrient for primary production in the ocean is:
A)Silicon.
B)Oxygen.
C)Nitrogen.
D)Carbonate.
E)Phosphorus.
Q3) Which of these are not considered to be pelagic zooplankton?
A)Arrow worms
B)Comb jellies
C)Pteropods
D)Diatoms
E)Copepods
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Chapter 16: The Ocean Depths
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Sample Questions
Q1) The mesopelagic zone extends from about 200 m to about:
A)300 m.
B)500 m.
C)1,000 m.
D)2,000 m.
E)4,000 m.
Q2) Recent discoveries have shown the Challanger Expedition and other 19th-century oceanographic expeditions assumption that the deep ocean had no ______________ was incorrect.
A)Sediments
B)volcanic activity
C)water movement
D)biodiversity
Q3) The mesopelagic zone refers to the ocean depths in which there is:
A)Enough light to support plant growth.
B)No light at all.
C)Dim light,but not enough for plant growth.
D)Enough light for primary production by bacteria.
E)Dim light,but enough to support only some hardy plants.
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Page 18
Chapter 17: Resources From the Sea
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Sample Questions
Q1) The "by-catch" is the name given to:
A)Junk species that are caught while fishing for more valuable species and are thus discarded.
B)Species caught for industrial purposes.
C)Krill and other shellfish.
D)Species raised in fish farms.
E)Species caught as part of traditional fisheries.
Q2) One of the following best describes commercial fisheries around the world:
A)Most have been affected by overfishing.
B)About 20% have been affected by overfishing.
C)All have been affected by overfishing.
D)All have been affected by overfishing but none have been exhausted.
E)None have been affected by overfishing in the Southern Hemisphere.
Q3) Which of the following seafood choices should eco-minded consumers avoid to help protect fragile fisheries?
A)Pacific flounder
B)Pacific cod
C)Striped bass
D)Grouper
E)Tilapia
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Chapter 18: The Impact of Humans on the Marine Environment
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Sample Questions
Q1) Trawling is particularly destructive to:
A)Soft bottom communities.
B)Coral reefs.
C)Sandy beaches.
D)Salt marshes.
E)Abyssal plains.
Q2) After oil spills,what type of marine animals is most likely to die of exposure?
A)Migrating fishes like salmon
B)Cetaceans
C)Sea urchins
D)Filter-feeding fishes
E)Seabirds
Q3) Accumulation of sludge on the bottom of the ocean is responsible for:
A)Anoxic,or oxygen-lacking,conditions.
B)Drastic changes in salinity.
C)Deposit feeders being replaced by filter feeders.
D)Drastic changes in temperature.
E)Increase in the number of sharks and other predators.
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Chapter 19: The Oceans and Human Affairs
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Q1) The territorial sea of a nation is defined as the water between a nation's coastline to a distance of how many nautical miles? A)1 B)2 C)3 D)12
E)100
Q2) The United Nations Conference on the Law of the Sea stipulates that control of transit through sea straits is guaranteed if:
A)The strait lies in the territorial sea of one nation.
B)The strait lies in the territorial sea of more than one nation.
C)The strait is open at both ends.
D)The strait is closed at one end.
E)The strait is controlled by nations belonging to the U.N.Security Council.
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