Managerial Decision Making Test Questions
Course Introduction
Managerial Decision Making explores the processes and frameworks leaders use to make effective business decisions in complex, uncertain, and dynamic environments. Emphasizing both quantitative and qualitative approaches, the course covers topics such as problem identification, data analysis, risk assessment, cognitive biases, group dynamics, and ethical considerations. Through case studies, simulations, and analytical tools, students learn to apply best practices in decision-making, enhance their critical thinking skills, and develop strategies for solving real-world managerial challenges.
Recommended Textbook Business Research Methods 11th Edition by Donald Cooper
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Chapter 1: Research in Business
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Q1) Which of the following considerations is not a potential ethical dilemma for a researcher?
A) Psychological harm to respondents
B) Physical harm to respondents
C) Omission of significant procedural details in the research process
D) Invasion of privacy
E) Exploitation of respondents
Answer: C
Q2) The question,"Should we do business research?" is often stimulated by data from a(n)_____.
A) data warehouse
B) intelligence system
C) decision support system
D) intranet
E) both b and c
Answer: E
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Chapter 2: Ethics in Business Research
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Q1) What are the four characteristics of effective codes of ethics? Is anyone characteristic critical for the effectiveness of the code?
Answer: Effective codes are regulative in nature,protect the public interest and those of the profession,are behavior-specific,and are enforceable.Without enforcement,standards that are regulative,protect the public and professional interest,and behavior-specific will still fail to be effective.
Q2) When a person follows his belief that one should not lie,and then tells the truth even when it hurts another person,he has illustrated the _____ approach to ethics.
A) ethical relativism
B) deontology
C) empiricism
D) utilitarian
E) scientology
Answer: B
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Chapter 3: Thinking Like a Researcher
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Q1) Potato chip sales vary directly with the level of television viewing.This is an example of a _____.
A) research question
B) descriptive hypothesis
C) correlational hypothesis
D) causal hypothesis
E) dichotomous hypothesis
Answer: C
Q2) Consider the following statements: "Inner-city household interviewing is especially difficult and expensive.This survey involves substantial inner-city household interviewing.The interviewing in this survey will be especially difficult and expensive." This is an example of a(n)_____.
A) empirical argument
B) inductive argument
C) exposition
D) deductive argument
E) hypothesis
Answer: D
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Chapter 4: The Research Process: an Overview
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Q1) A _____ is a trial collection of data to detect weaknesses in the design or instrument.
A) test market
B) census
C) sample
D) pilot test
E) sampling frame
Q2) The fundamental weakness in the research process is _____.
A) incorrectly defining the research question
B) identifying a flawed sampling frame
C) misdefining the target population
D) failing to identify all relevant secondary information
E) skipping the exploratory phase
Q3) Explain the value of conducting a pilot test and the primary considerations for a research planning to use a pilot test.
Q4) Explain the difference between interim evaluation and ex post facto evaluation.
Q5) What are the three types of budgets in organizations where research is purchased and cost containment is crucial? List and describe each one.Is one more desirable than the others? Explain.
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Chapter 5: Clarifying the Research Question Through Secondary Data
and Exploration
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Q1) Timothy wants to identify and locate books and journal articles from a large set.What type of information source should he use?
A) index
B) Bibliography
C) Encyclopedia
D) Handbook
E) Dictionary
Q2) One of the disadvantages of computerized searches is
A) A computer search can combine subject items in different ways than is possible using a manual search.
B) Computerized databases do not contain references to the most recent published periodicals.
C) Computers are hard for most people to use.
D) Computerized searches will find sources that contain the key words but each source may not be related to the subject of interest.
Q3) Explain the steps involved in the data mining process.
Q4) Explain the five steps in conducting a literature search.
Q5) What are the three levels of information? Provide examples for each level.
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Chapter 6: Research Design: An Overview
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Q1) All of the following are part of an exploratory phase search strategy except _____.
A) discovery and analysis of secondary sources
B) expert interviews
C) interviews with those involved with the problem
D) brainstorming
E) experiments
Q2) All of the following are possible goals of an exploratory study except _____.
A) discover future research tasks
B) expand understanding of a topic
C) test hypotheses
D) provide insight
E) develop hypotheses
Q3) What are the three types of evidence a research seeks when testing causal hypotheses? Explain.
Q4) Compare and contrast the cross-sectional and longitudinal designs.
Q5) What is an asymmetrical relationship? List and explain the four types of asymmetrical relationships that a research may observe.
Q6) Explain the difference between a field setting,laboratory setting,and simulation.
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Chapter 7: Qualitative Research
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Q1) Which statement below best reflects the general rule regarding how many group interviews should be conducted for a given research project?
A) Conduct interviews until no new insight is gained
B) Use at least 3 groups for every geographic region involved
C) Include groups of men only, women only, and men and women combined
D) The more homogeneous the groups, the more groups are needed
E) All of the above are true
Q2) Which type of nonprobability sampling technique involves choosing participants who then refer others with similar or different characteristics?
A) Random sampling
B) Purposive sampling
C) Convenience sampling
D) Snowball sampling
E) Quota sampling
Q3) What are some of the responsibilities of interviewers aside from conducting the actual interviews? Name five of these responsibilities.
Q4) Explain the three types of nonprobability sampling techniques commonly used to select samples for qualitative research studies.
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Chapter 8: Observation Studies
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Q1) Which of the following is a condition in which observation is an appropriate method for data collection?
A) Anonymity is desired
B) Respondents are widely dispersed
C) Attitudinal information is needed
D) Natural setting is imperative
E) Extensive amount of information is needed
Q2) Observation is an appropriate method for data collection in all of the following conditions except _____.
A) purpose must be disguised
B) natural setting is necessary
C) anonymity is desired
D) memory decay is a factor
E) behavioral data is needed
Q3) Which of the following attributes can be identified using factual observation?
A) Salesperson credibility
B) Customer interest
C) Number of customer objections
D) Salesperson enthusiasm
E) Attitude toward the brand
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Chapter 9: Experiments
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Q1) To assess the equivalence of the groups in a pretest,posttest control group design,_____ is calculated.
A) (O2-O1) - (O4-O3)
B) O1-O3
C) O4-O3
D) O2-O3
E) O4-O2
Q2) The question,"do our conclusions about a demonstrated experimental relationship truly imply causality?" is addressed by degree of _____ associated with the experiment in question.
A) internal validity
B) external validity
C) reliability
D) statistical significance
E) substantive significance
Q3) Explain the primary differences between preexperiments,true experiments,and quasi-experiments.
Q4) List five possible threats to internal validity.How do these threats weaken a design?
Q5) What are the seven steps a researcher follows in conducting an experiment?
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Chapter 10: Surveys
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Q1) Personal interviewing with computer-sequenced questions capable of employing visualization techniques is called _____.
A) computer-assisted telephone interviewing
B) computer-administered telephone interviewing
C) computer-assisted personal interviewing
D) computer-administered surveying
E) personal-assisted computer interviewing
Q2) David's Bridal is conducting a survey of the trends in dress preferences among women who will marry sometime in the next year.Surveys were mailed to 100,000 women but only 1,000 responded resulting in a response rate of 1%.This study is threatened by
A) nonresponse error
B) response error
C) sampling error
D) measurement error
E) coverage error
Q3) Identify the three sources of error in communication research.Explain how each source can contribute to error.
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Chapter 11: Measurement
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Q1) To ride the roller coaster ride at an amusement park,customers must report their weight to the ride attendant.Which of the following characteristics are exhibited by weight?
A) Classification only
B) Classification and order
C) Classification, order, and distance
D) Classification, order, distance, and origin
E) Classification, order, distance, origin, and exclusivity
Q2) Which type of validity refers to the degree to which scores on one scale correlate with scores on other scales designed to assess the same construct?
A) Predictive
B) Concurrent
C) Convergent
D) Discriminant
E) Content
Q3) What are the four characteristics of mapping rules? Which of the four types of data corresponds with the possible combinations of these characteristics? Provide an example for each.
Q4) Explain the three characteristics of a good measurement tool.
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Chapter 12: Measurement Scales
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Q1) Which type of scale consists of statements that express either a favorable or unfavorable attitude toward an object of interest?
A) Multiple-choice, single-response
B) Summated rating
C) Semantic differential
D) Constant sums
E) Checklist
Q2) I turn my cellular telephone off when dining in restaurants.What is the basis of the attitude reflected in this statement?
A) Cognitive
B) Affective
C) Conative
D) Centrality
E) Peripheral
Q3) Explain the three bases for attitudes.Provide an example for each one.
Q4) What is the primary difference between rating scales and ranking scales? List two types of each scale.
Q5) Explain the researcher's dilemma in deciding whether to use forced-choice rating scales or unforced-choice rating scales?
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Chapter 13: Questionnaires and Instruments
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Q1) Which of the following goals should a good survey instrument accomplish?
A) Encourage each participant to provide accurate responses
B) Encourage participants to be succinct in their responses
C) Encourage participants to answer only those questions they are comfortable answering
D) Encourage participants to end the survey when they feel they have contributed enough information
E) Ask as much as possible from the respondents
Q2) A measurement question whose wording suggests to the participant the desired answer is a(n)_____ question.
A) double-barreled
B) leading
C) open-ended
D) forced-choice
E) free-response
Q3) What are the steps in drafting and refining a survey instrument?
Q4) Explain the meaning of pretesting and why instrument designers should pretest questionnaires prior to using them in a study.
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Chapter 14: Sampling
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Q1) The pq ratio found in calculations of sample size for a proportion can never exceed
A) .10
B) .25
C) .50
D) .75
E) there are no such limitations on the pq ratio
Q2) A local restaurant is planning a study on demand for meals over holiday weekends.In calculating the desired sample size for the study,the restaurant's researcher decides to use a rule-of-thumb calculation for estimating the population dispersion.If the range of meals in the study is 0 to 30,what standard deviation does the rule-of-thumb method produce?
A) 2
B) 4
C) 5
D) 6
E) 10
Q3) Compare and contrast stratified sampling and cluster sampling.
Q4) Explain the rationale for sampling rather than using a census for every study.
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Chapter 15: Data Preparation and Description
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Q1) Which missing data technique is most appropriate when missing data are considered MCAR?
A) Pair-wise deletion
B) Replacement
C) Listwise deletion
D) Minimized deletion
E) Weighting
Q2) Which of the following groups of words indicates a series of words for which stemming would be used in the analysis?
A) be, is, of, the
B) pretty, beautiful, attractive
C) search, searching, searches, searched
D) going, walking, running, flying
E) all of the above
Q3) What type of data results from the vacation question?
A) Dichotomous
B) Nominal
C) Ordinal
D) Ratio
E) Both a and b
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Chapter 16: Exploring, Displaying, and Examining Data
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Q1) All of the following are ingredients of box plots except _____.
A) rectangular plot that encompasses 50% of the data values
B) center line marking the median
C) jagged line marking the mean
D) box hinges
E) whiskers that extend from the right and left hinges to the largest and smallest values
Q2) Tables should have which of the following characteristics?
A) Rounded numbers for easy comparison
B) Ordered numbers, largest to smallest
C) Percentages to show proportionate relationships
D) Conversion of numbers for a common comparison
E) All of the above are correct
Q3) A stem-and-leaf display differs from a histogram in that a stem-and-leaf display
A) presents actual data values
B) groups values into intervals
C) represents data using bars or asterisks
D) illustrates each interval with a color for visualization
E) is appropriate for nominal data
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Chapter 17: Hypothesis Testing
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Q1) Which type of error is also known as alpha?
A) Type I error
B) Type II error
C) Beta error
D) Standard error
E) Demand error
Q2) Which test is an extension of the McNemar test useful for tests involving more than two samples?
A) Cochran Q
B) ANOVA
C) n-way ANOVA
D) Kruskal-Wallis
E) Mann-Whitney U
Q3) The hypothesis that men and women use the Internet approximately the same number of hours per week is a _____ hypothesis.
A) null
B) one-tailed test
C) two-tailed test
D) test of proportions
E) test of means
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Chapter 18: Measures of Association
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Q1) Which of the following is possible when r =0?
A) No pattern is evident that can be described with a single line
B) Variables are related but the relationship is nonlinear
C) The pattern is linear such that a straight line passes through the data array
D) The pattern is three-dimensional
E) Both a and b
Q2) When the number of discordant pairs and concordant pairs in a P-Q relationship is equal,the interpretation is that the variables _____.
A) are perfectly correlated
B) have a weak but significant relationship
C) are normally distributed
D) have no relationship
E) have a negative association
Q3) The primary advantage of the contingency coefficient C is _____.
A) it can only be used on 2 x 2 tables
B) that it can accommodate skewed data
C) it is comparable to phi
D) it replaced chi-square
E) it is asymmetrical
Q4) Briefly explain how a researcher can benefit from using scatterplots.
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Chapter 19: Multivariate Analysis: An Overview
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Q1) The mean scores in a MANOVA are called _____.
A) mu
B) centroids
C) ku
D) lambda
E) beta
Q2) A _____ is a graphical device for displaying clusters and their relative distances.
A) dendrogram
B) scatterplot
C) Pareto diagram
D) boxplot
E) line graph
Q3) What type of data is used with conjoint analysis?
A) Interval
B) Ratio
C) Metric
D) Nonmetric
E) All of the above
Q4) Explain when and how a researcher would go about conducting a factor analysis.
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Chapter 20: Presenting Insights and Findings: Written Reports
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Q1) Which of the following techniques is useful for organizing a report?
A) Use of headings
B) Use of ample white space
C) Use of visual aids
D) Use of well-known vocabulary terms
E) Use of italics
Q2) Jacob is writing a report on a study of how store traffic changes based on the weather among senior citizens in Florida.Which title below is most appropriate?
A) An investigation into the effects of weather on store traffic among senior citizens in Florida
B) Store traffic and weather effects
C) Driving patterns among seniors in Florida
D) The weather effect
E) State-based investigation of weather and store traffic
Q3) Provide some advice for a person writing a short research report.
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Chapter 21: Presenting Insights and Findings: Oral
Presentations
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Q1) What is the Motivated Sequence form of presentational organization?
A) Uses time sequence for a framework [e.g., by when each research activity (focus group, survey, experiment) occurred].
B) The sequence of ideas, which, by following the normal processes of human thinking, motivates an audience to respond to the speaker's purpose.
C) First part describes the cause of a problem, the second describes its effect, and the third presents a solution.
D) Material is organized from the least important information to the most important.
E) Benefits, disadvantages, how benefits are superior are discussed.
Q2) Which of the following is not true about stories as supporting material?
A) Stories tell the particulars of an act or occurrence or course of events
B) Describing your experience with the research study lends a real-life impression that cannot be achieved through facts or statistics.
C) Stories are most powerful when they do not involve personal experience
D) Describing your experience with the research study lends a real-life impression that cannot be achieved through facts or statistics
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