Logic and Reasoning Question Bank
Course Introduction
Logic and Reasoning introduces students to the foundational principles of critical thinking, argument evaluation, and formal logic. The course explores methods for constructing and analyzing arguments, identifying common fallacies, and understanding deductive and inductive reasoning. Students will learn how to symbolize statements and arguments using propositional and predicate logic, as well as develop skills for systematically testing the validity of arguments. Through practical exercises and case studies, this course aims to enhance students' analytical skills and their ability to reason soundly in academic and everyday contexts.
Recommended Textbook
Critical Thinking A Users Manual 1st Edition by Debra Jackson
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10 Chapters
215 Verified Questions
215 Flashcards
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Chapter 1: Recognizing Arguments
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20 Verified Questions
20 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) We should hire a new member for our department because our workload has significantly increased in the past three months, and the existing staff cannot keep up.
A) Argument
B) Explanation
C) Neither an argument nor an explanation
Answer: A
Q2) Mark was late to work today because he overslept.
A) Argument
B) Explanation
C) Neither an argument nor an explanation
Answer: B
Q3) The reason that some dinosaurs had feathers is that they were an effective way of retaining body heat.
A) Argument
B) Explanation
C) Neither an argument nor an explanation
Answer: B
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Chapter 2: Analyzing Arguments
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25 Verified Questions
25 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) The governor has decided to cut funding to the state universities because he is much more concerned about locking up drug offenders than he is about educating the younger generation.
Answer: This passage contains an explanation. The explanandum is that the governor has decided to cut funding to the state universities. The explanans is that the governor is much more concerned about locking up drug offenders than he is about educating the younger generation.
Q2) Rhinoceros herds must be protected, so you ought to support the Save African Rhinos campaign.
Answer: P: Rhinoceros herds must be protected.
\(\therefore\) You ought to support the Save African Rhinos campaign.
Issue: Whether you ought to support the Save African Rhinos campaign
Q3) All the judo instructors work out with weights. So begin working out with weights right away, since you want to be a judo instructor.
Answer: P1: All the judo instructors work out with weights. P2: You want to be a judo instructor.
\(\therefore\) You should begin working out with weights right away.
Issue: Whether you should begin working out with weights right away
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Chapter 3: Diagramming Arguments
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25 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Leakage of fluid from the site of a spinal tap can lead to severe headache, and for this reason, the patient is asked to remain lying down for 8 to 24 hours after the procedure to minimize the leakage of CSF (cerebrospinal fluid) from the puncture site.
-Gerard Tortora, Principles of Human Anatomy
Answer: This passage from Gerard Tortora's Principles of Human Anatomy contains an explanation. The explanandum is that the patient is asked to remain lying down for 8 to 24 hours after a spinal tap to minimize the leakage of CSF (cerebrospinal fluid) from the puncture site. The explanans is that leakage of fluid from the site of a spinal tap can lead to severe headache.
Q2) Robert said that he will accept the job transfer offer if the company will pay his moving expenses. Given that he just heard that they will pay those expenses, you know what that means, don't you?
Answer: 1. Robert said that he will accept the job transfer offer if the company will pay his moving expenses. Given that 2. he just heard that they will pay those expenses, 3. you know what that means, don't you?
4. Robert will accept the job transfer offer. 11ed2f3c_c20a_6e98_9f96_191d1e1b32cf_TB4256_11
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Page 5
Chapter 4: Detecting Fallacies
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15 Verified Questions
15 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) The goal of helping students with homework and providing an academic support system at home is to enable them to develop independent study skills. For this to happen, parents and teachers need to work cooperatively. -Vaughn, Bos, and Schumm, Teaching Exceptional, Diverse, and At-Risk Students
Q2) Some employers argue that they have the right to monitor employee internet use. I completely disagree. Most of us work at least part of the week from home, and we can't be expected to maintain a rigid distinction between using the internet for work and using for recreation.
A) begging the question
B) appeal to ignorance
C) appeal to illegitimate authority
D) ad hominem
E) strawman
F) red herring
G) no fallacy committed
Q3) The CEO of the new green energy firm that recently moved into town gave a talk at the Town Hall meeting where he argued that building green will actually save the city money in the long run. Yet, this can't be true. After all, he's just going to say what is in his company's best interest, isn't he?
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Page 6
Chapter 5: Preparing to Evaluate Arguments
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20 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Using a lemon when cooking is like using a lime. Given that limes can be added to bland foods to give them some zest, lemons, too, will give zest to bland foods.
A) categorical argument
B) truth-functional argument
C) analogical argument
D) inductive generalization
E) causal argument
Q2) What evaluative language should you use for inductive generalizations?
A) valid/invalid; cogent/uncogent
B) valid/invalid; sound/unsound
C) strong/weak; cogent/uncogent
D) strong/weak; sound/unsound
Q3) What evaluative language should you use for categorical arguments?
A) valid/invalid; cogent/uncogent
B) valid/invalid; sound/unsound
C) strong/weak; cogent/uncogent
D) strong/weak; sound/unsound
Q4) The reason that the number of latch key children has risen in recent months is that more families than ever before have both adults working full time.
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Chapter 6: Evaluating Categorical Arguments
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30 Verified Questions
30 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Shakira is a singer.
Q2) Every retail store is a small business. Accordingly, given that all companies are small businesses, retail stores are companies.
Q3) Mark Twain turned to writing as a career because he saw it as a way to make money without having to work very hard. Boy, was he surprised!-C. P. Snyder, The Life of Mark Twain
Q4) If you don't register, then you can't vote.
Q5) School buses are the only vehicles exempt from seatbelt laws. So, a few private vehicles are not exempt from seatbelt laws.
Q6) Not everyone who's tall plays basketball. This is because soccer players are tall, and not every soccer player is a basketball player.
Q7) The only path to success is through hard work.
Q8) Wherever you go I will follow.
Q9) The bill should be paid by whoever bought the item.
Q10) All S are M.
No P are M.
All S are P.
Page 8
Q11) Because Felicia is musical, she will be good at mathematics.
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Chapter 7: Evaluating Truth-Functional Arguments
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35 Verified Questions
35 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) How can you accuse the police chief of bias since he has never treated someone unfairly?
Q2) If you are eligible for swimming, then you are eligible for water polo.
A) S \(\lor\) W
B) W \(\sqsupset\) S
C) S \(\sqsupset\) W
D) S W
Q3) You can enter the chess tournament only if you are ranked.
A) R \(\lor\) C
B) C \(\lor\) R
C) C \(\sqsupset\) R
D) R \(\sqsupset\) C
Q4) You can enter the chess tournament if you are ranked.
A) R \(\lor\) C
B) C \(\lor\) R
C) C \(\sqsupset\) R
D) R \(\sqsupset\) C
Q5) If Egypt's elected leader is not both dictatorial and intolerant, then he is not obstructing democratic reforms. Due to the fact that he is not obstructing democratic reforms, Egypt's elected leader is not dictatorial.
Page 9
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Chapter 8: Evaluating Analogical Arguments
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15 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Some people claim that stretching before exercising is a waste of time. I disagree. No one has proven that's true.
Q2) The quick responses and fast thinking required for video game proficiency are like the responses and thinking required for flying a stealth fighter.
Q3) Portugal is a lot like Spain. Since the decriminalization of drugs in Portugal has resulted in a decline of drug use among youth, the decriminalization of drugs in Spain will also decrease drug use among youth.
Q4) House cats are felines, and they love it when someone scratches their chin. Since Siberian tigers are also felines, they probably like having their chins scratched, too.
Q5) Which analogical argument is stronger?
A) Grease, oil, road tar, and paint thinner are all flammable. Thus paint thinner is a refined product since grease, oil, and road tar are refined products. B) Grease, oil, and paint thinner are all flammable. Thus paint thinner is a refined product since grease and oil are refined products.
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Chapter 9: Evaluating Inductive Generalizations
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Sample Questions
Q1) A recent survey demonstrates that about one half of all Americans consume caffeine every day. The second annual HealthSaver 2008 Caffeinated Cities Survey was conducted to determine the caffeine consumption habits and attitudes of consumers across the US, and to learn more about cultural views and health benefits of this caffeine. The telephone survey of people in 20 major metropolitan areas in the US considered numerous caffeine sources, including coffee, tea, sodas, energy drinks, chocolate, pain relievers and caffeine pills. Nearly half (49%) of all respondents nationwide said they drink caffeinated coffee every day, while cola and tea tied with a 20% daily consumption rate, the survey found.--Marketingcharts.com
Q2) University of Connecticut students overwhelmingly favor an 8.67 percent tuition hike recommended by President Michael Hogan. Student body President Meredith L. Zaritheny sent out the student survey to all undergraduates. Zaritheny said she was taken aback by the strong response to the survey. She said she got 18,855 responses, with 92 percent in favor of the 8.67 percent increase."-The Hartford Courant
Q3) Juan wants to join a ski club so he can go skiing. He remembers that when he went to college in Pennsylvania, the college had a ski club. The same was correct when he went to college in Arizona and in Colorado. He reasons that since those other colleges had ski clubs, most colleges will have one, too.
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Chapter 10: Evaluating Causal Arguments
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which causal argument is stronger?
A) In 1952, London experienced the worst smog in its history. What has become known as the Great Smog of 1952 caused the premature death of some 4000 people. Death rates in the weeks and months preceding the event were similar to those of the previous years, but rose dramatically right after the Great Smog.
B) In 1952, London experienced the worst smog in its history. What has become known as the Great Smog of 1952 caused the premature death of some 4000 people. Death rates in the weeks and months preceding the event were similar to those of the previous years, but rose dramatically right after the Great Smog. Some attribute the deaths to an influenza epidemic that same year, but I doubt it.
Q2) Teachers will not get cost-of-living raises this year unless other state employees get raises. Given that other state employees will not be getting raises of any kind due to the fact that state legislators have declared a moratorium on state wage hikes, teachers will not be getting cost-of-living raises this year.
Q3) Painting the Golden Gate Bridge is an ongoing job because the salt air from the ocean rusts and corrodes the steel components.-goldengatebridge.org
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