Lifespan Development
Textbook Exam Questions
Course Introduction
Lifespan Development explores the physical, cognitive, social, and emotional changes that occur throughout the human lifespan, from conception to late adulthood. This course examines key theories and research findings related to development at each stage of life, including childhood, adolescence, adulthood, and aging. Students will analyze the influence of genetics, environment, culture, and individual differences on development, and consider topics such as identity formation, moral reasoning, family dynamics, and the challenges and opportunities of aging. Emphasis is placed on real-world applications, critical thinking, and understanding developmental milestones and transitions across the lifespan.
Recommended Textbook
Essentials of Human Development A Life Span View 1st Edition by Robert V. Kail
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16 Chapters
2339 Verified Questions
2339 Flashcards
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2
Chapter 1: The Study of Human Development
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Sample Questions
Q1) The psychosocial theory of Erik Erikson postulates that people encounter ________ stages over their lives, and that these stages occur in a biologically fixed order. (Hint: The answer is a number.)
Answer: eight (8)
Q2) Which method of measuring behavior is most likely to be used in combination with other behavioral measures?
A) Physiological measures
B) Self-reports
C) Naturalistic observation
D) Sampling behavior with tasks
Answer: A
Q3) Influences such as one's parents and siblings, teachers and co-workers, peers, schools, television, and the workplace are all examples of __________ forces.
A) psychological
B) biological
C) life-cycle
D) sociocultural
Answer: D
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3
Chapter 2: Biological Foundations: Heredity, Prenatal
Development, and Birth
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Sample Questions
Q1) The age of viability for a fetus normally occurs between 22 and 28 weeks after conception.
A)True
B)False
Answer: True
Q2) The ________ is a structure that contains veins and arteries and connects a developing child to the placenta.
A) umbilical cord
B) amnion
C) germ disc
D) blastocyst
Answer: A
Q3) In general, pregnancies are most likely to proceed normally when the mother is between the ages of ________ years.
A) 18 and 25
B) 21 and 25
C) 21 and 30
D) 20 and 35
Answer: C
Page 4
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Chapter 3: Tools for Exploring the World: Physical,
Perceptual, and Motor Development
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149 Verified Questions
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Sample Questions
Q1) Because children with autism spectrum disorders tend to master false belief tasks very slowly, researchers have speculated that an absence of ________ is the primary component of these conditions.
A) dynamic systems
B) cognitive parallax
C) perceptual determinism
D) theory of mind
Answer: D
Q2) Roughly half of a newborn's sleep time is spent in the ________ stage.
A) rapid eye movement (REM)
B) nonREM-1
C) nonREM-2
D) nonREM-3
Answer: A
Q3) Newborn babies spend 2 to 3 hours a day, every day, crying.
A)True
B)False
Answer: True
Q4) The ________ appears when you stroke a child's foot and the toes fan outward.
Answer: Babinski reflex
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Chapter 4: The Emergence of Thought and Language:
Cognitive Development in Infancy and Early Childhood
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Sample Questions
Q1) The basic building blocks of spoken language are A) syllables.
B) morphemes.
C) phonemes.
D) words.
Q2) How did Piaget and Vygotsky view the "journey" of cognitive development?
A) Both saw children as making the journey alone.
B) Piaget saw the journey as involving an apprenticeship driven by collaboration with others, while Vygotsky saw children as making the journey alone.
C) Vygotsky saw the journey as involving an apprenticeship driven by collaboration with others, while Piaget saw children as making the journey alone.
D) Both saw the journey as involving an apprenticeship driven by collaboration with others.
Q3) Classical conditioning focuses on the relation between the consequences of behavior and the likelihood that the behavior will recur.
A)True
B)False
Q4) A(n) _____ is an early infant vowel-like sound.
Page 6
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Chapter 5: Entering the Social World: Socioemotional
Development in Infancy and
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Sample Questions
Q1) Four-year-old Luticia pretends to be a doctor and has begun to realize that she needs to be responsible and cooperate with her parents. According to Erikson, this indicates that she is beginning to achieve a sense of A) trust. B) purpose.
C) intimacy. D) will.
Q2) According to Maccoby (1998), the tendency for preschool children to gravitate toward peers of the same sex has three distinct features. They include all but which of the following?
A) Children spontaneously choose same-sex playmates without adult pressure.
B) Children are interested in activities of the opposite sex peers, but resist their interest to avoid the scorn of same-sex peers.
C) Children resist parental pressure to play with children of the opposite sex.
D) Children are obviously reluctant to play with opposite sex peers, even when doing gender-neutral activities.
Q3) Erikson suggested that a child who is able to successfully balance autonomy with shame and doubt will develop a sense of ________.
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Chapter 6: Off to School: Cognitive and Physical Development in Middle Childhood
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Sample Questions
Q1) More than 100 years ago, ________ developed a theory of intelligence that suggested that there was a singular factor, called 'g', that was responsible for performance on all mental tests.
A) Charles Spearman
B) Lewis Terman
C) Howard Gardner
D) John Carroll
Q2) Children in the concrete operational stage of cognitive have typically overcome centration, egocentrism, and accepting appearances as reality.
A)True
B)False
Q3) Many researchers have identified different components that are associated with more successful schools. They include all of the following EXCEPT
A) having a safe and nurturing school climate.
B) having parents who are involved.
C) monitoring of student, teacher, and programs.
D) a variety of extracurricular offerings.
Q4) Compare and contrast metacognitive knowledge and metamemory.
Page 8
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Chapter 7: Expanding Social Horizons: Socioemotional Development in Middle Childhood
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Sample Questions
Q1) In their junior high school English class one day, Jason is reading a book and minding his own business. Suddenly, Steve, a well-known bully, yells, "Hey, Jason, you're fat!" Some of the classmates laugh nervously, and Jason looks up and just smiles. Then Steve says, "Look at that smile, man. You're ugly, too!" The laughter in the class stops, as Jason looks back down at his book, clearly embarrassed and humiliated. Steve has engaged in a form of ________ aggression.
A) socialized
B) instrumental
C) relational
D) hostile
Q2) Layla's parents offer her a high level of warmth and support, but impose very little control on her behaviors. Layla's parents are using a(n) ________ parenting style with her.
Q3) What is the criterion by which most 4- or 5-year-old children select their first friends?
A) Who is a good playmate?
B) Who has the nicest mommy?
C) Who wears the nicest clothes?
D) Who has the best things to trade at lunchtime?
Page 9
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Chapter 8: Rites of Passage: Physical and Cognitive
Development in Adolescence
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Sample Questions
Q1) During the peak of adolescence, a girl may gain as much as ________ pounds in a year, while a boy may gain ________ pounds.
A) 5-7; 6-8
B) 8-10; 10-12
C) 10-12; 14-15
D) 14-15; 16-17
Q2) You are the parent of twins, one male and one female, who are entering puberty. Describe to them the primary and secondary sex characteristics that they will each be acquiring over the next few years.
Q3) Of the following individuals, how many are getting "regular activity?" Marco exercises twice a week for 1 to 2 hours; Jennifer exercises 4 times a week for about 45 minutes; Angela exercises every Sunday by going for a 3 to 4 hour bicycle ride; Benignus exercises 3 days a week for about 30 to 40 minutes.
A) 1
B) 2
C) 3
D) 4
Q4) The _____ level is Kohlberg's highest level of moral reasoning.
Page 10
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Chapter 9: Moving Into the Adult Social World:
Socioemotional Development in Adolescence
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Sample Questions
Q1) According to Erik Erikson's theory, the primary crisis that faces adolescents is ________.
Q2) Which of the following adolescents is MOST LIKELY to behave in aggressive and/or antisocial ways?
A) Dax, who is rather skilled at correctly interpreting the actions and intentions of his peers.
B) Minnie, whose parents use reasonable discipline and who monitor her behaviors on a regular basis
C) Donald, whose parents make sure to keep their arguments and fights private.
D) Mickey, whose family lives in poverty without many of the advantages enjoyed by his peers.
Q3) When a 17-year-old boy was sentenced to death in 2004 in the United States, the American Psychological Association filed a brief with the court arguing that this sentence should be changed. The court rejected the brief, and the teenager was executed by lethal injection six months later.
A)True
B)False
Q4) The self-absorption that marks the teenage search for identity is referred to as adolescent _______.
Page 11
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Chapter 10: Becoming an Adult: Physical, Cognitive, and Personality Development
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Sample Questions
Q1) Primary mental ability is to secondary mental ability as
A) specific is to general.
B) child is to adult.
C) crystallized intelligence is to fluid intelligence.
D) conventional is to postconventional.
Q2) Which of the following individuals is likely to establish their financial independence from their parents the earliest?
A) Katie, who is in her third year of medical school.
B) Melinda, who has just started in a Master's program after graduating from college.
C) Julie, who is in her second year of college.
D) Kelly, who graduated from high school and went right to work instead of enrolling in college.
Q3) Which of the following is the most common change in vision that people experience during their middle-adulthood years?
A) They become nearsighted and need glasses to see things at distance.
B) They lose their ability to see things in the dark.
C) They lose some of their color vision.
D) They become farsighted and need reading glasses.
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Chapter 11: Being With Others: Forming Relationships in Young and Middle Adulthood
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Sample Questions
Q1) The cultural value of ________ partially explains the significantly higher trend for Latino college students to live at home.
A) marianismo
B) machismo
C) nervios
D) familism
Q2) Alicia and Jordan have an arrangement in their marriage that seems to work for them. Alicia is the "breadwinner," working full-time and earning an adequate salary to support the couple and their two children. Jordan is a stay-at-home father who is primarily responsible for taking care of the children and the home during the daytime. Each partner feels that the other contributes equally to their marriage, even though they contribute differently. According to ________ theory, their marriage is likely to be satisfying and happy.
A) reciprocity
B) traditionality
C) balance
D) exchange
Q3) One important predictor of marital success is ________, or the extent to which the couple shares similar values and interests.
Page 13
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Chapter 12: Work: Occupational and Lifestyle Issues in Young and Middle Adulthood
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Sample Questions
Q1) Researchers have found that certain personal characteristics are positively associated with job satisfaction. Which of the following is NOT one of those factors?
A) hope
B) resilience
C) optimism
D) affiliation
Q2) Harry is about to finish his college degree, and he is worried that he'll never find a job that will make him happy. He hears people complaining about their work all of the time, and wonders if he is destined to wake up every day for the next 40 years dreading going to work. Based on the chapter you've read, what would you advise him?
A) As long as he studied hard in college, he'll probably be happy with his occupation from the very beginning.
B) Most people eventually find a job in which they are reasonably happy.
C) He is probably correct, but should take comfort in the fact that he will only have to work eight hours a day.
D) If he is happy with his home life, he will probably be happy with his work. If he is unhappy at home, he'll probably be miserable at work.
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Page 14
Chapter 13: Making it in Midlife: The Biopsychosocial
Challenges of Middle Adulthood
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Sample Questions
Q1) Minerva is a 52-year-old mother of three. She has not worked in some years, and now has started volunteering at her church to assist with Sunday school classes. The children love her, she enjoys helping them find their spiritual path, and tells her husband that she wants to apply for a job at the church. Erikson would say that Minerva is working on achieving a sense of ________.
A) conscientiousness
B) integrity
C) egocentrism
D) generativity
Q2) Being high on the ________ dimension of the Big Five personality trait theory tends to mean a vivid imagination and dream life, appreciation of art, and a strong desire to try anything once.
A) openness to experience
B) agreeableness
C) neuroticism
D) conscientiousness
Q3) Most children feel a sense of responsibility to care for their aging parents when such care is needed. This is called ________ obligation.
Q4) Individuals with Type _____ behavior pattern tend to be hostile and impatient.
Page 15
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Chapter 14: The Personal Context of Later Life: Physical, Cognitive, and Mental Health Issues
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Sample Questions
Q1) ________ is often assumed to be a strongpoint of younger people, while ________ is often assumed to be the strength of older people.
A) recall; recognition
B) creativity; wisdom
C) recognition; recall
D) wisdom; creativity
Q2) Choose three different biological theories of aging and provide a brief description of each.
Q3) Later onset Alzheimer's disease may be linked to ________ genes, which are those that increase one's likelihood of developing the illness in question.
A) concordance
B) eruption
C) risk
D) ascension
Q4) What is the typical developmental progression of psychomotor speed in mid to later life? How is the use of psychomotor speed most indicative of cognitive skills, and what implications does it have to the real-life event of driving?
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Chapter 15: Social Aspects of Later Life: Psychosocial,
Retirement, Relationship,
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which statement about marriage is true?
A) Marriage helps people deal more effectively with disabilities
B) Over time, division of labor becomes more gender stereotyped
C) Older married women are much happier about the marriage than their male partners
D) Marital conflict increases significantly in old age
Q2) Medicare Part ____ covers inpatient hospital services, skilled nursing facilities, home health services, and hospice care.
Q3) Only since ________ has there been a substantial number of people who are retired in the United States of America.
A) World War I
B) World War II
C) the Korean War
D) the Vietnam War
Q4) Discuss the competence-environmental press approach and how it relates to the adaptation level, the zone of maximum comfort and the zone of maximum performance potential
Q5) When one's level of environmental press slightly exceeds their level of competence, they will be in a zone of maximum ________ potential.
Page 17
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Chapter 16: The Final Passage: Dying and Bereavement
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Sample Questions
Q1) A(n) ____ is often used to describe the duration of time between the onset of dying and death itself.
A) end-of-life scenario
B) death trajectory
C) hospice
D) final scenario
Q2) The fact that Wendy becomes sad every June 23 because that was the day her husband died exemplifies the _____ reaction.
Q3) ________ is the set of emotions that people experience after the death of a loved one.
Q4) Dr. Shrieder is teaching a course where she emphasizes the study of the interface between human values and technological advances in health and life sciences. Which of the following would be an appropriate title for this class?
A) The Psychology of Health
B) Defining Death Over Time and Place
C) Introduction to Bioethics
D) Thanatology 101: End of Life Issues
Q5) Death ________ refers to people's worries or fears of death and dying.
Q6) Hospice is best thought of as an approach and not a physical place. Explain.
Page 18
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