Lifespan Development Study Guide Questions
Course Introduction
Lifespan Development explores the physical, cognitive, social, and emotional changes that individuals experience throughout their lives, from conception through old age. The course examines major developmental theories and research findings, focusing on key milestones, challenges, and influences at each stage of life. Students will analyze the impact of genetics, environment, culture, and personal choices on development, while considering issues such as attachment, identity formation, moral reasoning, aging, and death. Through both theoretical and applied perspectives, students gain a comprehensive understanding of how humans grow and adapt across the lifespan.
Recommended Textbook
Exploring Psychology 10th Edition by Myers
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16 Chapters
7540 Verified Questions
7540 Flashcards
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Page 2
Chapter 1: Thinking Critically With Psychological Science
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475 Verified Questions
475 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) On a series of coin tosses,Oleg has correctly predicted heads or tails seven times in a row.In this instance,we can reasonably conclude that Oleg's predictive accuracy
A) defies the laws of statistical probability.
B) illustrates hindsight bias.
C) is inconsistent with the placebo effect.
D) is a random and coincidental occurrence.
Answer: D
Q2) Investigating whether a dog could be conditioned to bark when it detected the odor of a specific narcotic drug would have been of most direct interest to the school of thought known as A) functionalism.
B) structuralism.
C) behaviorism.
D) Freudian psychology.
Answer: C
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3
Chapter 2: The Biology of Behavior
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524 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Increasing excitatory signals above the threshold for neural activation will not affect the intensity of an action potential.This indicates that a neuron's reaction is
A) inhibited by the myelin sheath.
B) delayed by a refractory period.
C) an all-or-none response.
D) dependent on neurotransmitter molecules.
Answer: C
Q2) The speedy nervous system zips messages by way of neurotransmitters.Endocrine messages,however,are delivered more slowly because hormones travel through A) myelinated neurons.
B) the bloodstream.
C) glial cells.
D) interneurons.
Answer: B
Q3) Describe how an understanding of both a normally functioning brain and a split brain enables us to better appreciate the fact that most information processing takes place outside of conscious awareness.
Answer: no answer
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Chapter 3: Consciousness and the Two-Track Mind
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Sample Questions
Q1) When Vincente first tried to quit smoking,he experienced anxiety,irritability,and difficulty sleeping.Vincente was experiencing A) withdrawal.
B) dehydration.
C) disinhibition.
D) hallucinations.
Answer: A
Q2) Mr.Oates always sleeps restlessly,snorting and gasping throughout the night.It is most likely that Mr.Oates suffers from A) sleep apnea.
B) narcolepsy.
C) night terrors.
D) insomnia.
Answer: A
Q3) Contrast the impact of behaviorism and cognitive neuroscience on psychologists' approach to the study of consciousness.Also explain why you do or do not believe that advances in cognitive neuroscience indicate that consciousness actually exerts a causal influence on our behaviors.
Answer: no answer
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Page 5
Chapter 4: Developing Through the Life Span
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Sample Questions
Q1) Some individuals are so uncomfortable getting close to others that they'll do anything to maintain their distance.These people are said to demonstrate an insecure
A) preoperational attachment style.
B) anxious attachment style.
C) egocentric attachment style.
D) avoidant attachment style.
Q2) Brain regions important to memory begin to atrophy as we age.This is best illustrated by the fact that the blood-brain barrier breaks down beginning in the A) frontal lobes.
B) thalamus.
C) brainstem.
D) hippocampus.
Q3) The association areas are the last cortical areas to fully develop their A) schemas.
B) theory of mind.
C) neural networks.
D) object permanence.
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Chapter 5: Sex, Gender, and Sexuality
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378 Verified Questions
378 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) On mental rotation tasks,homosexual men perform
A) better than heterosexual men and worse than heterosexual women.
B) worse than heterosexual men and better than heterosexual women.
C) better than heterosexual men and better than heterosexual women.
D) worse than heterosexual men and worse than heterosexual women.
Q2) Partially nude or revealingly clothed depictions of female characters in video games most clearly lead to
A) paraphilias.
B) erotic plasticity.
C) unrealistic expectations about sexuality.
D) homosexual behavior.
Q3) The most common way AIDS is transmitted is through
A) unsanitary foods and eating utensils.
B) unprotected sex with an infected person.
C) a prenatal infection from your mother.
D) receiving a transfusion of blood from a person with AIDS.
Q4) Despite the increased availability of condoms,the rate of teen pregnancy continues to be high in many countries.Suggest how parents,teachers,religious leaders,government officials,and teenagers themselves could help remedy this situation.Include at least one concrete suggestion for EACH group.
Page 7
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Chapter 6: Sensation and Perception
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Sample Questions
Q1) As a rock musician who has experienced prolonged exposure to high-amplitude sounds,Rodney is beginning to lose his hearing.It is most likely that this hearing loss involves problems in the A) auditory canal.
B) eardrum.
C) tiny bones of the middle ear.
D) cochlea.
Q2) According to the Young-Helmholtz theory,when both red-sensitive and green-sensitive cones are stimulated simultaneously,a person should see A) red.
B) yellow.
C) blue.
D) green.
Q3) Infancy is a critical period for normal visual development.That is why prompt eye surgery is recommended for infants who are born with A) retinal disparity.
B) cataracts.
C) blind spots.
D) blindsight.
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Page 8
Chapter 7: Learning
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Sample Questions
Q1) The tendency to discontinue behaviors that we observe others being punished for performing best illustrates the influence of:
A) intrinsic motivation.
B) vicarious punishment.
C) classical conditioning.
D) cognitive maps.
Q2) The occurrence of spontaneous recovery suggests that during extinction:
A) the CS is eliminated.
B) the CR is eliminated.
C) the CS is suppressed.
D) the CR is suppressed.
Q3) Children who are promised a payoff for playing with an interesting toy have later been observed to play with the toy less than those who are not promised the reward.This provides evidence for the role of ________ in operant behavior.
A) mirror neurons
B) latent learning
C) cognitive processes
D) biological constraints
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9
Chapter 8: Memory
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Sample Questions
Q1) Sabrina went to the store for furniture polish,carrots,pencils,ham,sponges,celery,notebook paper,and salami.She remembered to buy all these items by reminding herself that she needed food products that included meats and vegetables and that she needed nonfood products that included school supplies and cleaning aids.Sabrina made effective use of:
A) the spacing effect.
B) hierarchical organization.
C) the peg-word system.
D) procedural memory.
Q2) Whenever he feels sexually jealous,David is flooded with painful memories of instances when he thought his girlfriend was flirting with other men.David's experience best illustrates
A) procedural memory.
B) long-term potentiation.
C) mood-congruent memory.
D) memory consolidation.
Q3) A friend claims that the faster you read,the more you remember.Use your knowledge of effortful processing and effective encoding strategies to refute your friend's claim.
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Chapter 9: Thinking, Language, and Intelligence
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Sample Questions
Q1) Intelligence scores are most likely to be stable over a one-year period for a:
A) preschool student whose intelligence test score is 80.
B) first-grade student whose intelligence test score is 125.
C) third-grade student whose intelligence test score is 115.
D) fifth-grade student whose intelligence test score is 95.
Q2) Brain scans reveal that different ________ are activated when we process verbs rather than nouns.
A) semantics
B) heuristics
C) neural networks
D) critical periods
Q3) Master chess players can make correct game moves at such speed that their acquired expertise feels like:
A) an algorithm.
B) a prototype.
C) extrinsic motivation.
D) intuition.
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11
Chapter 10: Motivation and Emotion
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which theory of motivation most clearly emphasizes the importance of genetically predisposed behaviors?
A) drive-reduction theory
B) instinct theory
C) hierarchy of needs theory
D) arousal theory
Q2) Twelve weeks after severely obese people had weight-loss surgery and lost significant weight,one experiment found that they had:
A) improved memory performance.
B) increased depression.
C) developed neophobia.
D) increased levels of anxiety.
Q3) Who argued that our emotional reactions to specific situations can occur rapidly and prior to any conscious interpretations of those situations?
A) Walter Cannon
B) Stanley Schachter
C) Robert Zajonc
D) Jerome Singer
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12
Chapter 11: Stress, Health, and Human Flourishing
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Sample Questions
Q1) Aerobic exercise is an effective way to:
A) reduce problem-focused coping.
B) reduce oxytocin levels.
C) reduce serotonin activity in the brain.
D) lower the blood pressure reaction to stress.
Q2) When the mayor ordered a salary increase for the city's police officers,there was a sudden loss of morale among the city's firefighters.The firefighters' sudden dissatisfaction best illustrates:
A) the adaptation-level phenomenon.
B) the do-good,feel-good phenomenon.
C) an internal locus of control.
D) relative deprivation.
Q3) The short-term effects of confiding painful feelings may be arousal,but in the long term,talking about painful stress-producing experiences calms us by:
A) reducing oxytocin levels.
B) using up our self-control energy.
C) reducing activity in our limbic system.
D) redistributing blood flow from internal organs to the skeletal muscles.
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Chapter 12: Social Psychology
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Sample Questions
Q1) Danielle is happy to learn that her best friend from her hometown is on the phone.However,the sadness in her friend's voice causes Danielle's mood to change from happy to sad.This change in mood resulting from the tone of her friend's voice is called A) group polarization.
B) mood contagion.
C) social loafing.
D) deindividuation.
Q2) Although Natalie receives somewhat greater rewards from her marriage than does her husband,both are satisfied with the relationship because they each benefit in proportion to what they put into it.This best illustrates the significance of A) equity.
B) social exchange.
C) passionate love.
D) the mere exposure effect.
Q3) Psychological research has demonstrated a great deal of variation across cultures and over time.Discuss the roles of norms,preservation of innovation,and the division of labor in these changes.Explain cultural variation with respect to perceptions of attribution and social loafing,giving examples of each.
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Chapter 13: Personality
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Sample Questions
Q1) A person who is careless and disorganized most clearly ranks low on the Big Five trait dimension of
A) neuroticism.
B) extraversion.
C) openness.
D) conscientiousness.
Q2) Randy's substandard academic performance is both a result and a cause of his feelings of academic inferiority.This best illustrates the importance of A) self-serving bias.
B) the spotlight effect.
C) reciprocal determinism.
D) self-image.
Q3) As her parents became increasingly abusive toward her,Amity began,with apparent sincerity,to emphatically express her great admiration for her parents.Amity's behavior illustrates most clearly the defense mechanism of A) projection.
B) displacement.
C) rationalization.
D) reaction formation.
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Page 15
Chapter 14: Psychological Disorders
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Sample Questions
Q1) If identical twins share a single placenta rather than having separate placentas,their chances of being similarly affected by ________ are dramatically increased.
A) a fugue state
B) schizophrenia
C) a dissociative disorder
D) antisocial personality disorder
Q2) An adopted child's chances of developing schizophrenia ________ if the biological parents have schizophrenia.The child's chances ________ if the adopted parents have schizophrenia.
A) increase;increase
B) do not increase;do not increase
C) increase;do not increase
D) do not increase;increase
Q3) Mental health workers would be likely to identify alcohol misuse as a psychological disorder because it is
A) personally dysfunctional.
B) socially unacceptable.
C) ethically unjustifiable.
D) unconsciously motivated.
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Page 16
Chapter 15: Therapy
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Sample Questions
Q1) Client-centered therapists emphasize the importance of A) interpreting the meaning of clients' nonverbal behaviors.
B) enabling clients to feel unconditionally accepted.
C) helping clients construct a list of anxiety-triggering situations.
D) discouraging clients from using drugs.
Q2) Dialectical behavior therapy is a form of A) client-centered therapy.
B) exposure therapy.
C) cognitive-behavioral therapy.
D) meta-analysis.
Q3) When Murli told his therapist,"I came to see what you could do for me," the therapist responded,"It sounds like you're feeling you need some help.Am I right?" The therapist's response illustrates the technique of A) transference.
B) free association.
C) active listening.
D) systematic desensitization.
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Chapter 16: Exploring the Role of Industrial-Organizational Psychology
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Sample Questions
Q1) A high level of worker involvement,enthusiasm,and identification with his or her business organization is most clearly an indication of
A) 360-degree feedback.
B) transformational leadership.
C) strengths-based selection.
D) employee engagement.
Q2) Organizational psychologists are most likely to be involved in A) matching people's strengths with specific job assignments.
B) modifying work environments to improve employee engagement.
C) contributing to the design of user-friendly industrial machines.
D) designing training programs to prepare unemployed persons for existing jobs.
Q3) A statistically significant difference between two sample groups is NOT likely to be A) a reflection of differences between the populations they represent.
B) due to chance variation within and between the sample groups.
C) observed more than 5 percent of the time the groups are compared.
D) observed when the two groups are very large.
Q4) Describe how a company might initiate annual reviews of employee performance without discouraging worker satisfaction and engagement.
Page 18
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