Lifespan Development Review Questions
Course Introduction
Lifespan Development explores the physical, cognitive, emotional, and social changes that occur throughout a persons life, from conception through old age and death. This course examines major theories and research findings in developmental psychology, emphasizing how biological, environmental, cultural, and social factors shape human growth and behavior. Students will analyze key developmental milestones, individual differences, and the challenges commonly encountered at each stage of the lifespan, gaining insights into processes such as attachment, identity formation, and aging.
Recommended Textbook
Exploring Lifespan Development 3rd edition by Laura E. Berk
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19 Chapters
2078 Verified Questions
2078 Flashcards
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Page 2
Chapter 1: History, theory, and Research Strategies
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110 Verified Questions
110 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Researchers randomly assigned adolescents to either a single-grade classroom or a mixed-age classroom.This is an example of a
A) naturalistic observation.
B) case study.
C) natural experiment.
D) field experiment.
Answer: D
Q2) Lev Vygotsky proposed a socially mediated process of development that centers around
A) pairing a neutral stimulus with a reflexive response to create a conditioned behavior.
B) imprinting on a mother-figure during the critical period.
C) survival child's independent efforts to make sense of the world.
D) cooperative dialogues with adults and more expert peers.
Answer: D
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Chapter 2: Genetic and Environmental Foundations
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109 Verified Questions
109 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) The concept of __________ helps explain why pairs of identical twins reared apart during childhood and later reunited may find that they have similar hobbies,food preferences,and vocations.
A) passive gene-environment correlation
B) gene therapy
C) evocative gene-environment correlation
D) niche-picking
Answer: D
Q2) Which of the following statements about public policies for older adults in the United States is true?
A) During the 1960s, U.S. federal spending on programs for older adults was greatly expanded.
B) Social security and Medicare consume about half of the federal budget for older adults.
C) All Americans over age 65 are guaranteed a minimum income greater than the poverty level.
D) Social Security benefits are usually enough to serve as the sole source of retirement income.
Answer: A
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Chapter 3: Prenatal Development, birth, and the Newborn Baby
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109 Verified Questions
109 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Small-for-date infants __________ than preterm infants.
A) have chubbier cheeks and larger eyes
B) are less likely to die
C) more often show evidence of brain damage
D) more often are held close, touched, and talked to gently
Answer: C
Q2) Which of the following statements about a blastocyst is true?
A) It consists of a single cell.
B) By the fourth day, it is a hollow, fluid-filled ball made up of 60 to 70 cells.
C) It is a membrane that helps to keep the temperature of the prenatal world constant.
D) It is connected to the developing organism by the umbilical cord.
Answer: B
Q3) At birth,newborns prefer __________ to __________.
A) pure tones; noise
B) pure tones; complex sounds
C) pure tones; voices
D) complex sounds; pure tones
Answer: D
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Chapter 4: Physical Development in Infancy and
Toddlerhood
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110 Verified Questions
110 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) At birth,the __________ is nearer to its adult size than any other physical structure.
A) brain
B) heart
C) femur
D) liver
Q2) In classical conditioning,if the conditioned stimulus is presented alone enough times,without being paired with the unconditioned stimulus,__________ will occur.
A) the conditioned response
B) recovery
C) the unconditioned response
D) extinction
Q3) Which of the following babies is demonstrating the ulnar grasp?
A) Becky, who holds an object by folding her fingers against her palm
B) Reggie, who takes broad, uncoordinated swings at objects
C) Alston, who turns his head toward an object and then puts the object in his mouth
D) Tya, who picks up small objects between her fingers and thumb
Q4) Define and describe the cephalocaudal and proximodistal trends in body growth.
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Chapter 5: Cognitive Development in Infancy and
Toddlerhood
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110 Verified Questions
110 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Infants and toddlers gain experience with the turn-taking pattern of human conversation by
A) using a referential communication style.
B) watching educational television programs.
C) using child-directed speech.
D) playing social games like pat-a-cake and peekaboo.
Q2) Virginia was able to find her ball,which was placed into a box under a cover.Virginia has begun to master
A) habituation.
B) deferred imitation.
C) invisible displacement.
D) the violation-of-expectation method.
Q3) Children oven overextend deliberately because they
A) have favorite words.
B) have not acquired a suitable word.
C) find the error humorous.
D) apply new words too narrowly.
Q4) Discuss the development of cooing and babbling in hearing and deaf infants.
Q5) Define and describe the Piagetian concept of schemes.
Q6) Describe the strengths and weaknesses of the information-processing perspective. Page 7
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Page 8
Chapter 6: Emotional and Social Development in Infancy and
Toddlerhood
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108 Verified Questions
108 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Neurobiological research indicates that when faced with novelty,shy children show
A) greater pupil dilation than sociable children.
B) greater left than right frontal brain-wave activity.
C) a lower heart rate than sociable children.
D) a greater drop in blood pressure than sociable children.
Q2) Fathers' stimulating,surprising play styles may
A) be more appropriate with boys than girls.
B) increase the intensity of fearful reactions.
C) help babies regulate emotion in intensely arousing situations.
D) contribute to an insecure attachment style.
Q3) Compared with American Caucasian infants,Chinese and Japanese babies tend to be
A) more fearful.
B) more active.
C) less inhibited.
D) less easily soothed when upset.
Q4) How does paternal depression affect child development?
Q5) Do infant characteristics affect the quality of attachment? How is caregiving involved?
Q6) Define temperament.Describe the difficult child,according to Thomas and Chess. Page 9
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Page 10
Chapter 7: Physical and Cognitive Development in Early Childhood
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110 Verified Questions
110 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Young children in homes with __________ are at increased risk for decayed teeth.
A) pets
B) lead paint
C) regular smokers
D) multiple caregivers
Q2) A researcher hands 20-month-old Andrea a cup.Based on her age,Andrea will most likely
A) pretend to drink from the cup.
B) use the cup as a hat.
C) use the cup as a chair for her doll.
D) pretend that the cup is a rocket.
Q3) Theory of mind involves
A) using scripts to tell stories.
B) using deliberate mental activities that improve recall.
C) using a repetitive communication style.
D) thinking about thought.
Q4) Describe the impact of educational television,such as Sesame Street,on children's development.
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Q5) Describe the development of writing.What does a preschooler's early printing look like?
Chapter 8: Emotional and Social Development in Early Childhood
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Sample Questions
Q1) Empathy-based guilt reactions
A) are associated with repairing damage caused by misdeeds.
B) interfere with moral development.
C) are only influential in early childhood.
D) are the only force that compels children to act morally.
Q2) Giving young children reasons for changing their behavior
A) is futile because they do not have the cognitive capacity to process the information.
B) encourages them to adopt moral standards because they make sense.
C) is not as effective of a motivator as fear of punishment or withdrawal of affection.
D) can lead to denial of emotion and development of a weak conscience.
Q3) According to Freud,children
A) listen to the id to avoid shame and doubt.
B) behave morally when adults point out the effects of their misbehavior on others.
C) obey the ego to avoid feelings of mistrust.
D) obey the superego to avoid guilt.
Q4) Describe the various forms of child maltreatment.Indicate who typically commits abusive incidents and who is at risk for abuse.
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Chapter 9: Physical and Cognitive Development in Middle Childhood
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110 Verified Questions
110 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Robert Sternberg's triarchic theory of successful intelligence identifies which of the following three broad,interacting intelligences?
A) linguistic, emotional, and practical
B) creative, intrapersonal, and emotional
C) analytical, creative, and practical
D) spatial, kinesthetic, and interpersonal
Q2) As a result of improvements in __________,school-age children can better phrase things in order to get their way.
A) pragmatics
B) vocabulary
C) grammar
D) syntax
Q3) Which of the following statements about obesity rates in China is true?
A) Obesity is nearly nonexistent in China.
B) Chinese boys are more likely than Chinese girls to be obese.
C) Today, 10 percent of Chinese children are overweight and 5 percent are obese.
D) A prevailing belief in the Chinese culture is that excess body fat signifies ill health and laziness.
Q4) Discuss the psychological consequences of childhood obesity.
Page 13
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Chapter 10: Emotional and Social Development in Middle Childhood
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109 Verified Questions
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which of the following statements about attribution retraining is true?
A) Following a failure, children are given repeated feedback that helps them revise their attributions, such as "You can do it if you try harder."
B) One approach is to encourage low-effort students to focus more on grades and less on mastering a task for individual improvement.
C) Attribution retraining is an alternative to instruction in effective strategies and self-regulation.
D) Attribution retraining encourages children to believe that success should be attributed to ability, rather than luck or effort.
Q2) Children who develop __________ attribute their failures,not their successes,to ability.
A) learned helplessness
B) mastery-oriented attributions
C) a realistically oriented view of ability
D) an ideal self
Q3) Discuss the impact of maternal employment on development in middle childhood.
Q4) Describe how child-rearing practices affect the development of self-esteem.
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Chapter 11: Physical and Cognitive Development in Adolescence
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Sample Questions
Q1) The ability to use propositional thinking
A) appears at puberty.
B) is found in children as young as 3.
C) occurs gradually from childhood on.
D) does not appear until adulthood.
Q2) Which of the following statements about dropping out of high school is true?
A) Compared with other students, dropouts are more likely to have involved parents.
B) Risk factors in first grade predict dropout nearly as well as risk factors in secondary school.
C) Nearly all dropouts achieve poorly and show high rates of norm-violating acts.
D) The dropout rate is higher among African-American teenagers than among Hispanic teenagers.
Q3) Children born to teenage mothers
A) often become adolescent parents.
B) have a better chance of graduating high school than children of adult mothers.
C) fare better if the teenage parent drops out of high school.
D) score higher on intelligence tests than children of adult mothers.
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Page 15
Chapter 12: Emotional and Social Development in Adolescence
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which of the following statements about sibling relationships in adolescence is true?
A) Attachment between siblings remains strong for most young people.
B) Siblings who established a positive bond in early childhood tend to display less affection and caring.
C) Mild sibling differences in perceived parental affection tend to trigger jealousy.
D) Culture has little influence on the quality of sibling relationships.
Q2) Teenagers say that the most important characteristic of friendship is A) shared interests and activities.
B) self-disclosure.
C) shared attitudes and values.
D) intimacy.
Q3) When friends focus on deeper thoughts and feelings,they tend to A) coruminate.
B) be happier.
C) remain close through adulthood.
D) fight more.
Q4) Discuss changes in self-esteem in adolescence.
Q5) Discuss the factors related to adolescent depression.
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Chapter 13: Physical and Cognitive Development in Early
Adulthood
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109 Verified Questions
109 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Compared to an expert,a novice is more likely to
A) have a superficial understanding of problems.
B) arrive at solutions automatically.
C) approach a problem with an underlying principle in mind. D) remember and reason effectively.
Q2) Telomere shortening
A) acts as a brake against somatic mutations.
B) is related to slowed disease progression.
C) causes cells to duplicate.
D) occurs earlier in women than men.
Q3) Which of the following statements about Americans and exercise is true?
A) Most Americans are not aware of the health benefits of exercise.
B) More U.S. men than women are inactive.
C) Over half of Americans are inactive, with no regular brief sessions of even light activity.
D) Inactivity is greatest among high-SES adults.
Q4) Discuss the prevalence of alcoholism in the United States.What are the risk factors for alcoholism?
Q5) Describe the psychological impact of attending college.
Q6) Describe how biological aging affects motor performance. Page 17
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Page 18
Chapter 14: Emotional and Social Development in Early
Adulthood
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Sample Questions
Q1) Both Marion and Bart are single.According to research, A) compared to Marion, Bart is more likely to have a prestigious career.
B) compared to Bart, Marion is more likely to experience health problems in the future.
C) compared to Bart, Marion is more likely to remain single all of her life.
D) both Marion and Bart will look for a partner that allows them to "marry up."
Q2) Overall,women are __________ as likely as men to initiate divorce proceedings. A) half
B) just C) twice D) three times
Q3) In dual-earner marriages,role overload is __________ for __________ and is linked to __________.
A) greater; men; increased psychological stress
B) greater; women; child behavior problems
C) similar; men and women; less effective parenting
D) similar; men and women; more traditional gender roles
Q4) Describe the gender differences in same-sex adult friendships.
Q5) Discuss career development in early adulthood,focusing on career establishment.
Q6) Discuss the changes that adolescence brings to parenthood.
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Chapter 15: Physical and Cognitive Development in Middle
Adulthood
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108 Verified Questions
108 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which of the following McDonald's employees with two years of experience will probably perform more competently in the workplace?
A) Brandon, a high school student
B) Bertram, a recent high school graduate
C) Bronson, a 25-year-old
D) Blake, a middle-aged adult
Q2) Creative accomplishment tends to peak in the __________ and then decline,but with considerable variation across individuals and disciplines.
A) early twenties
B) late twenties or early thirties
C) late thirties or early forties
D) late forties or early fifties
Q3) Most studies on menopause reveal
A) no association between menopause and depression in the general population.
B) that Western menopausal women experience hot flashes every day.
C) that complaints about sexual functioning decrease during menopause.
D) no association with loss of bone mass and the drop in estrogen.
Q4) Discuss changes to creativity that individuals experience in the aging process.
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Q5) Summarize the reproductive changes that men undergo during the aging process.
Chapter 16: Emotional and Social Development in Middle
Adulthood
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which of the following middle-aged adults is the most likely to be stagnant?
A) Allison, who is a mentor in her workplace
B) Jonathan, who volunteers at a teen crisis center
C) Barbara, who spends little time with her grown children
D) James, who volunteers at a local children's theater
Q2) Eileen,a 48-year-old Korean American,and Ann,a 52-year-old Caucasian American,are both caring for an aging parent with mental disabilities.Which of the following statements is probably true?
A) Eileen feels a higher level of family obligation than Ann.
B) Ann experiences more anxiety than Eileen.
C) Ann experiences more depression than Eileen.
D) Neither Eileen nor Ann feel an especially strong sense of obligation.
Q3) Which of the following middle-aged adults is the most likely to experience a midlife crisis?
A) Jefferson, who has a high-paying, high-pressure job
B) Flora, who is a middle-SES stay-at-home mother
C) Steve, who has lived his entire life in poverty
D) Wanda, who left her job as an executive to be a nurse
Q4) Explain parental imperative theory.What are its criticisms?
Q5) Define possible selves.How do they change in midlife?
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Chapter 17: Physical and Cognitive Development in Late
Adulthood
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Sample Questions
Q1) The ACTIVE (Advanced Cognitive Training for Independent and Vital Elderly)study found that
A) those who improved on a laboratory processing-speed task were faster at looking up numbers in a phone book.
B) five years after intervention, cognitive training was associated with reduced declines in general health.
C) five years after intervention, cognitive training was associated with reduced ability to perform IADLs.
D) most cognitive skills cannot be enhanced in old age.
Q2) Older adults
A) generate a smaller number of problem-solving strategies compared to young and middle-aged adults.
B) seek advice of spouses, adult children, friends, and neighbors less often than in the past.
C) have a difficult time adapting strategies to fit problem conditions.
D) tend to adopt a "wait and see" approach in favor of gathering more facts when it comes to health issues.
Q3) Discuss changes in taste,smell,and touch sensitivity in late adulthood.
Q4) How much sleep do older adults require? Discuss insomnia in late adulthood.
Page 22
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Chapter 18: Emotional and Social Development in Late
Adulthood
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108 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) On Wednesdays,Cheryl meets a group of other women at the community center to play cards.Other than Cheryl's one close friend in the group,these associates are her __________ friends.
A) primary
B) secondary
C) tertiary
D) joint
Q2) For every older woman who commits suicide,there are __________ older men who do.
A) two
B) three
C) four
D) five
Q3) According to Peck,adults develop a sense of ego transcendence if they
A) remain physically healthy.
B) come to terms with their pasts.
C) invest in the future beyond their lifespan.
D) have a high level of education.
Q4) What do older adults typically consider when choosing the right time to retire?
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Q5) Discuss never-married,childless older adults.What unique challenges to they face?
Chapter 19: Death, dying, and Bereavement
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Sample Questions
Q1) Once patients near death stop expressing hope,
A) those close to them must accept this.
B) death is imminent.
C) they have reached a state of denial
D) they will not reach acceptance.
Q2) Kübler-Ross's five typical responses to the prospect of death
A) should be viewed as a fixed sequence.
B) are universal stages.
C) are applicable to the dying person's family members.
D) are best viewed as coping strategies.
Q3) Which of the following statements about helping a loved one die a "good death" is true?
A) It is best to talk about the past and avoid discussing the impending death.
B) Loved ones should remember that the dying person needs time alone.
C) It is best to be candid about death's certainty.
D) Loved ones should conceal or minimize their own grief.
Q4) What is bereavement overload? Who is at risk for it?
Q5) Discuss the benefits and consequences of dying at home.
Q6) Discuss the practice of voluntary active euthanasia.
Page 24
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